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1. Final Research Plan: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/impaired-visual-acuity-screening-older-adults
   June 04, 2020 - . † Conditions of interest include impaired visual acuity due to uncorrected refractive errors, cataracts … Include Exclude Definition of Disease Impaired visual acuity due to uncorrected refractive errors … current corrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200) due to uncorrected refractive errors

2. Clinical Summary: Vision Screening in Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LSFY2VhFxKToKkvJjYCzn7
   vision abnormalities and should be screened; specific risk factors include strabismus, refractive errors … Additional risk factors associated with amblyopia, strabismus, or refractive errors include family history

3. JAMA (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/DQgVKNYn6gFtXLfwthuRBU
   June 12, 2020 - (AMD), and cataracts are common causes of impaired visual acu- ity in older adults.9-12 Refractive errors … • Refractive errors are the most common cause of impaired visual acuity. … The benefits and harms related to treat- ment of uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts has been … The prevalence of refractive errors among adults in the United States, Western Europe, and Australia. … Epidemiology of refractive errors and presbyopia.

4. Recommendation: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/impaired-visual-acuity-screening-older-adults
   May 24, 2022 - Refractive errors are the most common cause of impaired visual acuity. … (AMD), and cataracts are common causes of impaired visual acuity in older adults. 9-12 Refractive errors … years or older reported having problems seeing, even with glasses or contact lenses. 16 Refractive errors … The prevalence of refractive errors among adults in the United States, Western Europe, and Australia. … Epidemiology of refractive errors and presbyopia. Surv Ophthalmol . 2003;48(5):515-543. 13.

5. Archived: Visual Impairment: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/visual-impairment-screening-1996
   January 01, 1996 - eye. 6a School-Aged Children Data are limited regarding the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors … Two percent of children for whom glasses were prescribed were not wearing them. 7 Refractive errors, … effects on academic performance in school-aged children. 7 , 8 Adolescents and Adults Refractive errors … data to determine the incremental benefit of routine screening of adults to detect early refractive errors … Although routine screening in asymptomatic persons may detect some persons with early refractive errors

6. Archived: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/impaired-visual-acuity-in-older-adults-screening-2009
   July 15, 2009 - Refractive errors were estimated to affect 6.7 million adults older than 65 years in the United States … Approximately 60% of these refractive errors were deemed correctable to better than 20/40. 4 More than … older adults, that the Snellen test readily identifies impaired visual acuity, and that refractive errors … Consistent evidence shows that most older adults with refractive errors could achieve visual acuity better … may predispose to falls. 20 Although visual acuity testing is adequate for identifying refractive errors

7. Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/caCcWa2a6jQGRyb7H8CkbU
   July 01, 2009 - older in the primary care setting for visual acuity impairment associated with uncorrected refractive errors … Uncorrected refractive errors, cataracts, and AMD are the most common causes. … Refractive errors were estimated to affect 6.7 million adults older than 65 years in the United States … Approximately 60% of these refractive errors were deemed correctable to better than 20/40 (4). … Although visual acuity testing is adequate for identify- ing refractive errors, it might be inadequate

8. Archived: Final Research Plan: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan93/impaired-visual-acuity-in-older-adults-screening-2016
   September 27, 2014 - population includes men and women ages 65 and older without vision impairment, uncorrected refractive errors … current corrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200) due to uncorrected refractive errors

9. Archived: Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1-5: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/visual-impairment-in-children-ages-1-5-screening-2011
   January 15, 2011 - vision screening tools have reasonable accuracy in detecting visual impairment, including refractive errors … strabismus), as well as the use of autorefractors (automated optical instruments that detect refractive errors … ) and photoscreeners (instruments that detect amblyogenic risk factors and refractive errors). … and associated risk factors (strabismus, anisometropia, astigmatism, and hyperopia) and refractive errors … Benefit The USPSTF found adequate evidence that treatment for amblyopia or unilateral refractive errors

10. Draft Research Plan: Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/vision-screening-children-ages-6-months-5-years
    April 24, 2025 - Share to Facebook Share to X Share to WhatsApp Share to Email Print in progress Draft Research Plan Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening April 24, 2025 Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. gover…

11. Final Research Plan: Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vision-screening-children-ages-6-months-5-years
    July 24, 2025 - Share to Facebook Share to X Share to WhatsApp Share to Email Print in progress Final Research Plan Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening July 24, 2025 Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. gover…

12. Archived: Evidence Summary: Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1-5: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary5/visual-impairment-in-children-ages-1-5-screening-2011
    January 15, 2011 - The remainder had higher-magnitude refractive errors but did not meet standard criteria for amblyogenic … In children with unilateral refractive errors, 1 good-quality trial (n = 177) found patching plus eyeglasses … For treatments, we focused on correction of refractive errors and use of patching or atropine. … Screening for refractive errors in preschool children with the vision screener. … Screening for refractive errors with the Topcon PR2000 pediatric refractometer.

13. Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Mv6bDzYQAQwFe7a8Zpht7c
    May 01, 2022 - • Refractive errors are the most common cause of impaired visual acuity.

14. Final Research Plan: Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vision-in-children-ages-6-months-to-5-years-screening
    December 17, 2015 - Share to Facebook Share to X Share to WhatsApp Share to Email Print Final Research Plan Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening December 17, 2015 Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They sh…

15. Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1–5 Years: Update for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/r_MgZHrtyHRn7rZoCPS6MT
    February 01, 2011 - of treatment Risk factor assessment KQ6 “Risk-reduction” intervention Correcting refractive errors … The re- mainder had higher-magnitude refrac- e458 CHOU et al tive errors but did not meet standard … For treatments, we focused on correc- tion of refractive errors and use of patching or atropine. … Screening for re- fractive errors in preschool childrenwith the vi- sion screener. … Screening for refractive errors with the Topcon PR2000 pediatric refractometer.

16. Recommendation: Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/vision-in-children-ages-6-months-to-5-years-screening
    September 05, 2017 - of vision abnormalities and should be screened; specific risk factors include strabismus, refractive errors … Additional risk factors associated with amblyopia, strabismus, or refractive errors include family history … Risk factors for amblyopia include strabismus; high, uncorrected refractive errors (eg, myopia, hyperopia … Autorefractors are computerized instruments that detect refractive errors; photoscreeners detect amblyopia … risk factors (ocular alignment and media opacity) and refractive errors. 1 , 15 Vision screening in

17. Vision Screening for Children 1 to 5 Years of Age: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/AkQC-rTVEsusNWG_TmWWtd
    February 01, 2011 - mus), as well as the use of autorefrac- tors (automated optical instruments that detect refractive errors … ) and pho- toscreeners (instruments that detect amblyogenic risk factors and refrac- tive errors). … and associated risk factors (strabis- mus, anisometropia, astigmatism, and hyperopia) and refractive errors … preschool-aged children (3–5 years of age) with mild/moderate am- blyopia or unilateral refractive errors … Benefit The USPSTF found adequate evidence that treatment for amblyopia or unilat- eral refractive errors

18. Vision Screening in Children Aged 6Months to 5 Years: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/wyAJqjxBX_dHMF3WdA7WNt
    September 05, 2017 - that vision screening tools are accurate in detecting vision abnormalities, including refractive errors … Risk factors for amblyopia include strabismus; high, un­ corrected refractive errors (eg, myopia, hyperopia … and media opacity.1-3 Additional risk factors associated with amblyopia, strabismus, or refractive errors … risk factors (ocular alignment and media opacity) and refractive errors.1,15 Vision jama.com © … vision abnormalities and should be screened; specific risk factors include strabismus, refractive errors

19. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary50/impaired-visual-acuity-in-older-adults-screening-2009
    July 15, 2009 - In 2000, among U.S. adults older than 65 years, refractive errors, cataracts, and AMD were estimated … For treatments, we evaluated corrective lenses and photorefractive surgery for uncorrected refractive errors … exp Vision Tests/ 10 and 11 limit 12 to "all aged (65 and over)" exp Refractive Errors … exp Refractive Errors/ (presbyop$ or myop$ or astigmati$ or hyperop$).mp [mp=title, original … The prevalence of refractive errors among adults in the United States, Western Europe, and Australia.

20. Screening Older Adults for Impaired Visual Acuity: A Review of the Evidence for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/7eLc5kBtomL_HKpYDwsFPf
    July 01, 2009 - reviews, randomized trials, and controlled observational studies of treatments for uncorrected refractive errors … Uncorrected refractive errors, cataracts, and age- related macular degeneration (AMD) are common causes … In 2000, among U.S. adults older than 65 years, refractive errors, cataracts, and AMD were estimated … treatments, we evaluated cor- rective lenses and photorefractive surgery for uncor- rected refractive errors … The prevalence of refractive errors among adults in the United States, Western Europe, and Australia.