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41. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews - Avoiding Bias in Selecting Studies (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-bias_methods.pdf
    February 01, 2013 - ......................................................................................... 6 Random Error … Even when reviewers have a common understanding of the selection criteria, random error or mistakes … due to many subjective decisions regarding what to include, potentially resulting in at least random error … key questions may not always define the comparison, which may introduce both random and systematic error … • Dual review can help reduce random error in applying inclusion and exclusion criteria • Examine

42. Ebctandcfinal (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ebctandcfinal.pdf
    June 05, 2012 - part of the entry process of the AHRQ Evidence-Based Care (EBC) Challenge;  Technical or human error

43. Empirical Assessment of Within-Arm Correlation Imputation in Trials of Continuous Outcomes | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/continuous-outcomes-correlation/research
    November 19, 2012 - The standard error (SE) of the within-group differences is often not reported and cannot be calculated

44. Draft Technical Brief - Healthcare Systems Level Strategies to Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Healthcare: An Evidence Map (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/healthcare-system-draft-technical-brief.pdf
    February 01, 2023 - Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2. … Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4. … Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 5. … Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 6. … Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 8.

45. Topic Suggestion Description | Effective Health Care Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/get-involved/nominated-topics/comparative-effectiveness-of-conventional-computed-tomography-ct-multidetector-computed-tomography-mdct-ct-colonography-fludeoxyglucose-positron-emission-tomography-fdg-pet-or-fdg-petct-magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-ultrasou
    December 27, 2011 - Home » Get Involved » Nominated Topics » Topic Suggestion Description Topic Suggestion Description Date submitted: December 27, 2011 Briefly describe a specific question, or set of related questions, about a health care test or treatment that this program should consid…

46. Meta-Analytic Statistical Inferences for Continuous Measure Outcomes as a Function of Effect Size Metric and Other Assumptions | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/statistical-inference/research
    April 10, 2013 - incorporates the observed variance of the measures as a component of the analytical weights (viz., sampling error

47. Asthma-Immunotherapy-2011 Research (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/asthma-immunotherapy-2011_research.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - in place of subjects).111 Because of the small sample size and the lack of an analytical standard error … Strategies to reduce bias and type II error NR=not reported J=justified NJ=not justified RSB= … Fleiss’ standard error: ( ) ( ) ( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ]2 32 1 2232 )1( 2)( EP pmEPmEP mNm KSE j − … Fleiss, Nee, and Landis corrected the standard error: ( ) ( ) ( )∑∑ ∑ == = −−      × … AC1 Statistics Standard Error The authors did not use statistical models that may be the most

48. Disposition of Comments: CER 230 Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-230-prostate-cancer-comments.pdf
    September 17, 2020 - Disposition of Comments: CER 230 Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer Comparative Effectiveness Review Disposition of Comments Report Title: Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer Draft report available for public comment from June 01, 2020 to June 29, 2020. Citation: D…

49. Topic Suggestion Description | Effective Health Care Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/get-involved/nominated-topics/comparative-effectiveness-of-ultrasound-us-conventional-computed-tomography-ct-multidetector-computed-tomography-mdct-magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-fludeoxyglucose-positron-emission-tomography-fdg-pet-or-fdg-petct-for-the-pr
    December 27, 2011 - Home » Get Involved » Nominated Topics » Topic Suggestion Description Topic Suggestion Description Date submitted: December 27, 2011 Download Topic Suggestion Disposition [PDF · 54.6 KB] Briefly describe a specific question, or set of related questions, about a healt…

50. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/registries-guide_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2007 - determined, the registry design should be reviewed to evaluate potential sources of bias (systematic error … It should be based on identifying the most important or likely sources of error or potential lapses in … design, conduct, and analysis of the trial or registry can be shown to protect against bias (systematic error … part of a risk-based strategy that focuses on detecting and quantifying the most likely causes of error … and the types of error that are most likely to impact the registry purpose.

51. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Regression can be used, which accounts for measurement error, or a Bland-Altman analysis, which is a … Studies have shown that PSA testing is prone to misclassification error. … A cautionary note on the robustness of latent class models for estimating diagnostic error without a … Estimation of test error rates, disease prevalence and relative risk from misclassified data: a review … A cautionary note on the robustness of latent class models for estimating diagnostic error without a

52. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Regression can be used, which accounts for measurement error, or a Bland-Altman analysis, which is a … Studies have shown that PSA testing is prone to misclassification error. … A cautionary note on the robustness of latent class models for estimating diagnostic error without a … Estimation of test error rates, disease prevalence and relative risk from misclassified data: a review … A cautionary note on the robustness of latent class models for estimating diagnostic error without a

53. Making Healthcare Safer IV: Summary of Findings, 2023-2024 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/mhs-IV-1-year-final-report-updated-title_0.pdf
    May 01, 2024 - Making Healthcare Safer IV: Summary of Findings, 2023-2024 Making Healthcare Safer IV Making Healthcare Safer IV: Summary of Findings on Patient Safety Practices and Ratings by a Technical Expert Panel, 2023-2024 Prepared for: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality U.S. Department of Health and Human Se…

54. Ch 3-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_3-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
    September 21, 2012 - If we make a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing in order to maintain the correct Type-I error … probability, we would be further increasing the Type-II error probability, which increases the likelihood … strategy Prespecified in complete detail Prespecified Not prespecified Control of familywise type I error … essential since the goal is not to test hypotheses Not essential Characterization of sampling error … susceptible to confounding by indication, ascertainment biases in exposure to treatment, measurement error

55. Increased Risks for Random Errors Are Common in Outcomes Graded as High Certainty of Evidence | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/grant-manuscripts/increased-risks-abstract

56. Draft Technical Brief - Patient and Clinician Level Strategies to Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Healthcare: An Evidence Map (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/patient-clinician-level-strategies-draft-tech-brief.pdf
    February 01, 2023 - Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2. … Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 5. … Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 6. … Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 8. … Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 9.

57. Slide 1
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/estimation-and-reporting_chapter-3.pptx
    January 01, 2013 - analysis Prespecified in complete detail Prespecified Not prespecified Control of familywise type I error … not essential since the goal is not to test hypotheses Not essential Characterization of sampling error … susceptible to confounding by indication, ascertainment biases in exposure to treatment, measurement error

58. ABSTRACT (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/machine-learning_research.pdf
    September 01, 2012 - There is no perfect threshold, because neither error minimization nor sensitivity maximization can … be considered absolute goals; a strategy that rejected all articles might have an error rate of 1 percent … is repeated on all 5 folds and one ultimately finds the model which would minimize the prediction error … There is no perfect threshold, because neither error minimization nor sensitivity maximization can … of 0.1 for the original LBD study (efficacy), the estimated sensitivity was 0.995 and the standard error

59. Ocd-Draft-Report-Kq1-Appendix (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ocd-draft-report-kq1-appendix.xlsx
    January 01, 2022 - consensus diagnosis 8496131 Fisher 1993 GPA DISC-2.1 DISC-2.1 Child DI NR 93 17 76 0.65 65 OCD only ERROR … NR none NA 8496131 Fisher 1993 GPA DISC-2.1 DISC-2.1 Combined DI NR 93 17 76 0.88 88 OCD only ERROR … NR NR none NA 8496131 Fisher 1993 GPA DISC-2.1 DISC-2.1 Parent DI NR 93 17 76 0.53 53 OCD only ERROR … LOI-CV Short LOI-CV 5 OCD vs WCON 0.83 (0.66-1.01) 0.09 59 9 NA 0.78 78 0.7 70 0.32 0.95 2.59 7 2 ERROR … Bamber 2002 DWS LOI-CV Short LOI-CV 5 DOD vs WCON NR NR 59 14 NA 0.77 77 0.7 70 0.4 0.92 2.57 11 3 ERROR

60. Methods Research Report - Meta-Analytical Statistical Inferences for Continuous Measure Outcomes as a Function of Effect Size Metric and Other Assumptions (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/statistical-inference_research.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - MSEw = within-subjects mean square error tp = number of measured time points 12. … N hS r N h− − − = − − cov cov ( 1) w class Fr F N h− = + − − MSEa = adjusted mean square error … Standard error of the UMD18 𝑆𝐸𝑈𝑀𝐷 = 𝑆𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑑� 1 𝑛𝐸 + 1 𝑛𝐶 21. … Standard error of the SMD18 𝑆𝐸𝑆𝑀𝐷 = � 𝑛𝐸 + 𝑛𝐶 𝑛𝐸𝑛𝐶 + 𝑆𝑀𝐷2 2(𝑛𝐸 + 𝑛𝐶) 10 … Methods of meta- analysis: correcting error and bias in research findings. 2nd ed.