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21. Final Evidence Summary: Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary27/screening-depression-suicide-risk-children-adolescents
    October 11, 2022 - 25 Authors assessed 7 different screening instruments (eTables 8 and 9 in the Supplement describe index … 3.76 [95% CI, −5.95 to −1.57]; n = 793; 3 RCTs 31 , 34 , 39 ) in some but not all measures of symptom severity … The consequences of a false-negative would largely depend on the severity of the missed diagnosis; the … The development and evaluation of the paediatric index of emotional distress (PI-ED). … precision varies for sensitivity Unclear whether thresholds were established a priori or whether index

22. Final Research Plan: Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/screening-anxiety-children-adolescents
    March 29, 2022 - are identified through their use of health care services related to a suicide attempt (e.g., in the emergency … operating characteristic/receiver operating characteristic, diagnostic odds/likelihood ratios, Youden's index … at mental health clinics Inpatient/residential facilities Correctional facilities Psychiatric emergency … studies that primarily take place in countries categorized as “Very High” on the 2019 Human Development Index … of included studies take place in countries not categorized as “Very High” on the Human Development Index

23. Final Research Plan: Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/screening-depression-suicide-risk-children-adolescents
    August 13, 2020 - are identified through their use of health care services related to a suicide attempt (e.g., in the emergency … operating characteristic/receiver operating characteristic, diagnostic odds/likelihood ratios, Youden's index … at mental health clinics Inpatient/residential facilities Correctional facilities Psychiatric emergency … studies that primarily take place in countries categorized as “Very High” on the 2019 Human Development Index … of included studies take place in countries not categorized as “Very High” on the Human Development Index

24. Draft Research Plan: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/sexually-transmitted-infections
    January 16, 2025 - Substance abuse treatment facilities or methadone maintenance clinics Inpatient/residential facilities Emergency … Country Studies conducted in countries categorized as “Very High” on the 2023/2024 Human Development Index … (as defined by the United Nations Development Programme) Countries with a Human Development Index

25. Archived: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening, July 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-2005
    July 11, 2005 - replaced by the following: High Body Mass Index … The USPSTF found fair evidence that body mass index (BMI) is a reasonable measure for identifying children … BMI is the most commonly used index of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. … Use of the body mass index (BMI) as a measure of overweight in children and adolescents. … Body mass index from childhood to middle age: a 50-y follow-up.

26. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse of Elderly and Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary32/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening-2013
    May 08, 2012 - language. 54 Five instruments and their modifications were used as reference standards, including the Index … Validation of an index of the quality of review articles. J Clin Epidemiol . 1991;44:1271-8. … of Spouse Abuse; ISA-P = Index of Spouse Abuse–Physical; NA = not applicable; NR = not reported; OAS … Measures included CTS1 at baseline, CTS2 at follow-up, Mental Health Index, and drug and alcohol use. … , 54 78 items, 8-point Likert scale; various revisions have fewer items Prevalence, frequency, severity

27. Screening Women for Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review to Update teh 2004 USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MjwZ4vRLZDVUSnfMA6SrDo
    June 01, 2012 - Five instruments and their modifications were used as reference standards, including the Index of Spouse … of Spouse Abuse; ISA-P � Index of Spouse Abuse–Physical; NA � not applicable; NR � not reported; OAS … Measures included CTS1 at baseline, CTS2 at follow-up, Mental Health Index, and drug and alcohol use. … Validation of an index of the quality of review articles. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44:1271-8. … 49, 54) 78 items, 8-point Likert scale; various revisions have fewer items Prevalence, frequency, severity

28. Emerging Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease: A Summary of Systematic Reviews Conducted for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/wdxHdZ2U5ggjuNW-nwun8n
    October 01, 2009 - , homocysteine level, leukocyte count, fasting blood glucose, peri- odontal disease, ankle–brachial index … Members of the USPSTF determined the risk factors to evaluate: ankle– brachial index (ABI), leukocyte … Fair Ankle–brachial index 3 Serious** Significant uncertainty� Sparse or imprecise data Predictive … The association of the ankle-brachial index with incident coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis … Use of ankle brachial pressure index to predict cardiovascular events and death: a cohort study.

29. Final Research Plan: Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions
    May 19, 2022 - Injuries such as broken bones, bruises, burns, and other injuries with a high specificity for abuse Emergency … applicable to U.S. practice (countries categorized as “very high” on the United Nations Human Development Index … relevant to the United States in countries categorized as less than “very high” on the Human Development Index

30. Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Qpv8h6ZMbYLYzakVrNQoj2
    October 11, 2022 - −3.76 [95% CI, −5.95 to −1.57]; n = 793; 3 RCTs31,34,39) in some but not all mea- sures of symptom severity … tion for suicide risk (baseline for the study), found a higher number of deaths in the National Death Index … The consequences of a false-negative would largely depend on the severity of the missed diagnosis; the … , precision varies for sensitivity Unclear whether thresholds were established a priori or whether index … The development and evaluation of the Paediatric Index of Emotional Distress (PI-ED).

31. Screening and Interventions for Overweight in Children and Adolescents: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/J-vUTejXWsdp_d86zK4Gth
    July 01, 2005 - The USPSTF found fair evidence that body mass index (BMI) is a reasonable measure for identifying children … BMI is the most commonly used index of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. … Use of the body mass index (BMI) as a measure of overweight in children and adolescents. … Body mass index from childhood to middle age: a 50-y follow-up.

32. Archived: Evidence Summary: Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening-october-2018
    October 23, 2018 - reference standards to establish screening test accuracy: Composite Abuse Scale, CTS or CTS-2, and Index … a Includes reduction in the frequency or severity of IPV. … department b , c Usual care (no formal emergency department IPV screening policy) 1 emergency … ; HITS, Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream; E-HITS, Extended HITS; IPV, intimate partner violence; ISA, Index … department; HARK, Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, Kick; HITS, Hurt, Insulted, Threaten, Scream; ISA, Index

33. Evidence Summary: Gestational Diabetes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/gestational-diabetes-screening
    August 10, 2021 - For cesarean delivery, primary (first) cesarean deliveries were prioritized, but total and emergency … (2 trials; 32 , 35 some imprecision), total cesarean deliveries (8 trials 25-29 , 31 , 32 , 35 ), emergency … A simple index for detection of gestational diabetes mellitus. … significant association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational hypertension, total or emergency … No significant interactions based on timing of treatment initiation, criteria for diagnosis/glycemic severity

34. JAMA JATS (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pKa4_DYwzuyD6RDgYzLMbo
    August 22, 2018 - further details.8 IPV indicates intimate partner violence. a Includes reduction in the frequency or severity … studies conducted in countries cat- egorized as “very high” on the United Nations Human Develop- ment Index … reference standards to establish screening test accuracy: Compos- ite Abuse Scale, CTS or CTS-2, and Index … setting: Study was not conducted in a country categorized as Very High on the 2014 Human Development Index … department; HARK, Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, Kick; HITS, Hurt, Insulted, Threaten, Scream; ISA, Index

35. Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease With Nontraditional Risk Factors: US Preventive Services Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6cRgd5whkAvSGESSQsrQLR
    January 01, 2020 - evidence on using nontraditional risk factors in CVD risk assessment, focusing on the ankle-brachial index … evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of adding the ankle- brachial index … ABI indicates ankle-brachial index; CAC, coronary artery calcium; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CT computed … Fowkes FG, Murray GD, Butcher I, et al; Ankle Brachial Index Collaboration. … Development and validation of an ankle brachial index risk model for the prediction of cardiovascular

36. Recommendation: Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Assessment With Nontraditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cardiovascular-disease-screening-using-nontraditional-risk-assessment
    July 10, 2018 - current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of adding the ankle-brachial index … Screening for peripheral artery disease and cardiovascular disease risk assessment with the ankle-brachial index … Fowkes FG, Murray GD, Butcher I, et al; Ankle Brachial Index Collaboration. … Development and validation of an ankle brachial index risk model for the prediction of cardiovascular … Aspirin for prevention of cardiovascular events in a general population screened for a low ankle brachial index

37. Recommendation: Food Insecurity: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/food-insecurity-screening
    March 11, 2025 - Study settings included primary care (4 studies), primary care plus emergency department (2 studies), … emergency department (1 study), and dental clinic (1 study). 3 , 33 The remaining 2 studies analyzed … offering a mobile pantry program. 36 At 6 months, the study found a smaller increase in body mass index … The Hunger Vital Sign identifies household food insecurity among children in emergency departments and … Association of a primary care-based mobile food pantry with child body mass index: a propensity score

38. Screening for Food Insecurity: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/99YKN27_cW9CRosq9RUMnv
    March 11, 2025 - Study settings included primary care (4 studies), primary care plus emergency department (2 studies), … emergency department (1 study), and dental clinic (1 study).3,33 The remaining 2 studies analyzed US … change while not receiving meals), and improved diet quality (eg, the 100-point total Healthy Eating Index … The Hunger Vital Sign identifies household food insecurity among children in emergency departments and … Association of a primary care–based mobile food pantry with child body mass index: a propensity score

39. Archived: Drug Abuse: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/drug-abuse-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - 3.6% met diagnostic criteria for drug dependence or drug abuse in the past year, 5 and drug-related emergency … but they have not been validated in prospective studies. 44 Other instruments such as the Addiction Severity … Index 45 are useful for evaluating treatment needs but are too long for screening. … Preliminary estimates from the Drug Abuse Warning Network: 1993 preliminary estimates of drug-related emergency … The Addiction Severity Index. J Nerv Ment Dis . 1980;168:26–33. [ PubMed ] 46.

40. Final Evidence Summary: Unhealthy Drug Use: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/drug-use-illicit-screening
    June 09, 2020 - Prevalence and detection of prescription opioid misuse and prescription opioid use disorder among emergency … Screening for cannabis use disorders in an adolescent emergency department sample. … Project reduce: reducing alcohol and marijuana misuse: effects of a brief intervention in the emergency … Design of NIDA CTN Protocol 0047: screening, motivational assessment, referral, and treatment in emergency … Setting: Not conducted in a very high Human Development Index country or screening and/or intervention