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121. Future Research Needs for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs), or Direct Renin Inhibitors (DRIs) for Treating Hypertension (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ace-inhibitor-arb-future_research.pdf
     March 01, 2012 - What is the impact of ACEI/ARB/DRIs on incidence of new cardiovascular or metabolic diagnoses such as … The impact of ACEI/ARB/DRI on incidence of new cardiovascular or metabolic diagnoses (such as diabetes … What is the impact of ACEI/ARB/DRI on incidence of new cardiovascular or metabolic diagnoses such … Yes: May be most efficient method for evaluating new diagnosis incidence, given resources needed … What is the impact of ACEI/ARB/DRI on incidence of new cardiovascular or metabolic diagnoses such as

122. Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Adults with Posttraumatic (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ptsd-adult-treatment-update_research-protocol.pdf
     December 31, 2017 - Military personnel are at elevated risk for exposure to trauma and, thus, at elevated risk for a PTSD diagnosis … • Can be used to make a current or lifetime diagnosis of PTSD or to assess symptoms over the past … • It can be used to make a preliminary determination of the diagnosis of PTSD using either DSM-III-R … • The PCL-5 can be used to make provisional PTSD diagnoses, screen for PTSD, or monitor symptom change … • It consists of separate modules corresponding to categories of diagnoses.

123. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/plasma-cell-dyscrasias-sflc-assay_research-protocol.pdf
     May 02, 2011 - In addition, it has been the mainstay of diagnosis for disorders such as AL amyloidosis and LCMM, in … combination with SPEP and SIFE yields high sensitivity and negates the need for 24-hr urine studies for diagnoses … These areas span diagnosis, therapeutic decisions and monitoring, diagnosis of response and remission … Question 3 In patients with an existing diagnosis of PCD (MM, NSMM, or AL amyloidosis), does the … Question 4 In patients with an existing diagnosis of PCD (MM, NSMM, or AL amyloidosis) is the SFLC

124. #06 Developmental Delays ADHD, and Autism (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/devdelays_adhd_autism_hi_impact.pdf
     January 01, 2012 - ASD diagnoses have been increasing, and recent estimates place the prevalence at about 1% of children … Functional magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain. … HS175 - Functional MRI for diagnosis of autism. 2011 Feb 24 [review date]. 28. … HS175 - Functional MRI for diagnosis of autism. 2011 Apr 11 [review date]. 32. … HS175 - Functional MRI for diagnosis of autism. 2011 May 25 [review date]. 33.

125. Evidence Summary CER 208 Treatment For Bipolar Disorder In Adults (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-208-bipolar-evidence-summary.pdf
     August 01, 2018 - and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) recognizes a spectrum of bipolar diagnoses … population for BD-I, another 1 percent for BD-II, and up to 5 percent for the full spectrum of BD diagnoses … treating acute mania or depression symptoms and preventing relapse in adults with bipolar disorder (BD) diagnoses … The accuracy of a diagnosis of BD, or study eligibility, depends on the interviews or screening tools … treatments specific to depression or mania that combined participants with bipolar and nonbipolar diagnoses

126. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ptsd-adult-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
     December 20, 2011 - percent in men). 4 Military personnel are at elevated risk for exposure to trauma and, thus, PTSD diagnosis … Several PTSD outcome studies demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of early diagnosis and appropriate … • Can be used to make a current or lifetime diagnosis of PTSD or to assess symptoms over the past … • Can be used to make a current or lifetime diagnosis of PTSD or to assess symptoms over the past … • It consists of separate modules corresponding to categories of diagnoses.

127. Disposition of Comments for Screening for Glaucoma: Comparative Effectiveness (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/glaucoma-screening_disposition-comments.pdf
     April 01, 2012 - Glauocma Medical Diagnosis and Therapy Volume One. Saunders. 2009 pp. 15-23. … This is no longer considered to be part of the diagnosis because intraocular pressure is a risk factor … The diagnosis had to have included a clinical examination with measurement of intraocular pressure, … The diagnosis had to have included a clinical examination with measurement of intraocular pressure, … Glaucoma Medical Diagnosis and Therapy Volume One. Saunders. 2009 pp. 15-23. 2.

128. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/pelvic-pain_research-protocol.pdf
     February 16, 2011 - Diagnosis of an underlying cause is complicated because the pain is rarely associated with a single … review of 14 RCTs of interventions for chronic pelvic pain (excluding studies of patients with primary diagnoses … When a definitive diagnosis of the etiology of CPP is achieved, it is largely made postoperatively, … Source: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov Published Online: February 16, 2011 4 diagnoses … noncyclic CPP undergoing surgical or nonsurgical treatment (excluding studies of patients whose primary diagnoses

129. FRN 27 - Wireless Motility Capsule Versus Other Diagnostic Technologies for Evaluating Gastroparesis and Constipation: Future Research Needs (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/wireless-motility-capsule-future_research.pdf
     May 01, 2013 - Seven studies evaluated diagnosis of gastric emptying delay. … Gastroparesis: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. … Seven studies evaluated diagnosis of gastric emptying delay. … Gastroparesis: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. … Diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation--a European perspective.

130. Glaucoma-Screening Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/glaucoma-screening_executive.pdf
     April 01, 2012 - visual field loss, and elevated intraocular pressure, there is no consensus definition for confirming diagnosis … The diagnosis should have included a clinical examination with measurement of IOP, assessment of the … Also considered was diagnosis of OAG requiring treatment. 10 Prespecified outcomes were measures … Pulsar perimetry in the diagnosis of early glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;149(1):102-12. 21. … Effect of disease severity on the performance of Cirrus spectral-domain OCT for glaucoma diagnosis.

131. Restless-Legs Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/restless-legs_research-protocol.pdf
     December 16, 2011 - Specific issues that affect clinical practice include:  RLS Diagnosis: primary care versus specialty …  Distinguishing RLS from other disorders Reliable diagnosis and treatment of RLS requires distinguishing … A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes … Algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome in primary care. … Definition of Terms RLS Diagnostic Criteria Essential Criteria for diagnosis of RLS 1.

132. Disposition of Comments_Blood-Based Tests for Multiple Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cell-free-dna-disposition-comments.pdf
     May 14, 2025 - some additional references and have tried to better clarify the balance between overdiagnosis and diagnosis … diagnostic accuracy” derived sensitivity estimates from MCST samples of persons with known, active cancer diagnoses … and represent a cross-sectional snapshot of test accuracy at or shortly after the time of cancer diagnosis … Further, changes in diagnosis and treatment over time are captured in a mortality outcome. … numerous payers, all of whom are seeking solutions to the still-unmet need to reduce late stage cancer diagnoses

133. Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of New Therapies (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/diabetes-glucose-control_research.pdf
     July 01, 2010 - The dataset included patients with a diagnosis of DM, or a claim for a drug used to treat DM, between … , the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that 13.8 million Americans had a diagnosis … Included in this data are patient diagnoses as identified by International Classification of Diseases … by design, almost exclusively patients with DM, although we included 1,104 individuals (0.5%) with diagnoses … A limitation of this study is under-coding of diagnoses in claims data; obesity is often under-coded

134. Executive summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 274: Diagnosis and Treatment of Tethered Spinal Cord (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-274-tethered-spinal-cord-executive-summary.pdf
     October 01, 2024 - Executive summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 274: Diagnosis and Treatment of Tethered Spinal … Cord Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 274 Diagnosis and Treatment of Tethered Spinal … Although multiple diagnostic modalities have been suggested for the diagnosis of tethered spinal cord … Implications and Conclusions The evidence base for the diagnosis and treatment of tethered spinal cord … Diagnosis and Treatment of Tethered Spinal Cord. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 274.

135. Cell-Free-Dna-Appendix-C-Prepub-Final (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cell-free-dna-appendix-c-prepub-final.xlsx
     January 01, 2025 - V2 - cancer cases and controls taken from previously published work, cancer diagnoses had pathological … Yes Yes Low concerns MCST assay was not conducted until after patients had cancer diagnoses confirmed … Cancer cases were randomly selected, but only those with confirmed diagnoses per the Dutch Cancer Registry … Unclear Yes Unclear Cancer diagnoses were confirmed pathologically; no information about whether controls … Study was prospective, so index test was done prior to any cancer diagnoses.

136. Cell-Free-Dna-Final-App-C (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cell-free-dna-final-app-c.xlsx
     January 01, 2025 - V2 - cancer cases and controls taken from previously published work, cancer diagnoses had pathological … Yes Yes Low concerns MCST assay was not conducted until after patients had cancer diagnoses confirmed … Cancer cases were randomly selected, but only those with confirmed diagnoses per the Dutch Cancer Registry … Unclear Yes Unclear Cancer diagnoses were confirmed pathologically; no information about whether controls … Study was prospective, so index test was done prior to any cancer diagnoses.

137. Diagnostic Accuracy of Screening and Treatment of Post–Acute Coronary Syndrome Depression: A Systematic Review. Evidence Summary. (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/evidence-summary-cer-200-post-acs-depression.pdf
     November 01, 2017 - Diagnostic accuracy Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, likelihood ratios, ROC curves Depression diagnosis … depressive symptoms, major or minor depressive disorder, dysthymia, or ICD-10 depressive disorder (diagnoses

138. Quantitative Synthesis II: Interactive Quiz (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/selecting-evidence-quiz.ppt
     May 29, 2025 - indication is a type of selection bias that occurs when study groups differ because they have different diagnoses

139. Quantitative Synthesis II: Interactive Quiz (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/selecting-evidence-quiz.ppt
     May 29, 2025 - indication is a type of selection bias that occurs when study groups differ because they have different diagnoses

140. Comparative Effectiveness Research Review Disposition of Comments Report (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-abnormalities-tests-update_disposition-comments.pdf
     February 13, 2012 - There is some evidence that survival after stage IV diagnosis may be improving above the number quoted … The risk from even one delayed diagnosis of breast cancer could be great. … Throughout the document when the generic term is used for computer aided diagnosis the term CAD not … The term CADx has been used to specifically refer to computer-aided diagnosis, as distinguished from … studies of diagnostic ultrasound had also performed preliminary ultrasound examinations to rule out diagnoses