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201. Figure. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Clinical Summary (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/yBxQssfCeRcD6BBeP2QjdQ
     November 07, 2016 - Risk Assessment Risk factors for CVD include dyslipidemia (LDL-C >130 mg/dL or HDL-C <40 mg/dL), diabetes … takes into account age, sex, race, cholesterol levels, systolic blood pressure level, antihypertension treatment … , presence of diabetes, and smoking status as risk factors. … assessment, screening for high blood pressure, screening for abnormal blood glucose levels and type 2 diabetes

202. Screening for High Blood Pressure: Clinical Summary (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/9uFAXAsAPjmgNPaR2CddwN
     December 01, 2007 - The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure … JNC 7 guidelines for treatment of hypertension can be accessed at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension … The following non-pharmacological therapies are associated with reductions in blood pressure: reduction … Other Relevant Recommendations from the USPSTF Adults with hypertension should be screened for diabetes

203. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ERAa_Bwr7hQxqZZ-X3p8Qh
     May 10, 2022 - The results from the clinical trials of pharmacologic therapy are consistent with the previous review … patients and an association of inhaled corticosteroids use with the risk of developing diabetes. … 2 What are the adverse effects of COPD treatments in this population? … Overall, the results from the clini- cal trials of pharmacologic therapy are consistent with the previ … minimally symptomatic persons with moderate airflow obstruction Limited evaluation of pharmacologic therapies

204. Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/VKGPkVjto7K4yfUHBKEHBA
     January 01, 2025 - Treatment and Intervention Menopausal hormone therapy refers to the use of combined estro- gen and progestin … The use of hormone therapy, whether administered orally, transder- mally, or locally for the treatment … or not receiving treatment for diabetes at base- line. … The Endocrine Society40 also focuses pri- marily on the use of hormone therapy for the treatment of symp … Treatment of symptoms of the menopause: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.

205. Archived: Final Research Plan: Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/menopausal-hormone-therapy-preventive-medication-december-2017
     October 22, 2015 - What is the average treatment duration of hormone therapy in women who initiate its use for the treatment … Administration–approved medications that are available for use in the United State Localized (nonsystemic) treatments … , such as rings or gels, contraceptives, and other hormones or treatments of menopausal symptoms (such … life (if related to chronic conditions of interest) Functional capacity Urinary incontinence Diabetes … studies of women who are receiving hormone therapy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms will be included

206. Final Research Plan: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan141/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening
     February 12, 2015 - The analytic framework also depicts the possible adverse events occurring after screening (KQ2) or treatment … Hispanic, black, or American Indian/Alaska Native ethnicity) or obesity-related medical problems (e.g., diabetes … Outcomes Child health outcomes: Reduced asthma or sleep apnea Decreased morbidity from diabetes … Cardiometabolic measures (only when weight-related measures are also reported): insulin resistance/blood glucose/diabetes … ) or other treatment-related harms reported in trials meeting inclusion criteria for intermediate or

207. Archived: Final Research Plan: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan141/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-june-2017
     February 12, 2015 - The analytic framework also depicts the possible adverse events occurring after screening (KQ2) or treatment … Hispanic, black, or American Indian/Alaska Native ethnicity) or obesity-related medical problems (e.g., diabetes … Outcomes Child health outcomes: Reduced asthma or sleep apnea Decreased morbidity from diabetes … Cardiometabolic measures (only when weight-related measures are also reported): insulin resistance/blood glucose/diabetes … ) or other treatment-related harms reported in trials meeting inclusion criteria for intermediate or

208. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D Deficiency: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan37/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening
     March 24, 2014 - for vitamin D deficiency and adverse effects related to treatment. … Does treatment of vitamin D deficiency with vitamin D supplementation (with or without calcium) lead … What are the adverse effects of treatment of vitamin D deficiency with vitamin D supplementation? … Granuloma forming disorders Chronic kidney disease Hepatic failure Cancer Coronary heart disease Diabetes … KQs 1, 3: Health outcomes include: Decreased morbidity from osteoporosis/fractures, falls, diabetes

209. Archived: Final Research Plan: Vitamin D Deficiency: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan37/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening-november-2014
     March 24, 2014 - for vitamin D deficiency and adverse effects related to treatment. … Does treatment of vitamin D deficiency with vitamin D supplementation (with or without calcium) lead … What are the adverse effects of treatment of vitamin D deficiency with vitamin D supplementation? … Granuloma forming disorders Chronic kidney disease Hepatic failure Cancer Coronary heart disease Diabetes … KQs 1, 3: Health outcomes include: Decreased morbidity from osteoporosis/fractures, falls, diabetes

210. Draft Research Plan: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/statin-use-primary-prevention-cardiovascular-disease-adults
     July 09, 2020 - What are the harms of statin treatment? 3. … 18 years or with a prior CVD-related event or familial hyperlipidemia Interventions Statin therapy … no statin KQ 1b: Dosing statin to target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level vs. fixed dose therapy … KQ 3: Higher- vs. lower-potency statin therapy Other comparisons Outcomes KQs 1, 3: … morbidity or mortality; all-cause mortality KQ 2: Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, myalgia, cognitive loss, diabetes

211. Archived: Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/menopausal-hormone-therapy-preventive-medication-2012
     October 15, 2012 - Diabetes. … Choices included “pills for diabetes” and “insulin shots for diabetes.” … Diabetes was thus determined via self-report of a new physician diagnosis of diabetes treated with pharmacologic … on the development of type 2 diabetes. … specific form, dosage, and route of administration of the estrogen and progestin and estrogen-only therapies

212. Archived: Glaucoma: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/glaucoma-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - Controlled studies of treatment of glaucoma have generally compared different modes of therapy with each … with medications and laser therapy or no initial treatment (M.C. … on IOP, and poor long-term compliance with therapy. … Patients with a family history of glaucoma, patients with diabetes, and patients with severe myopia are … A long-term clinical trial of timolol therapy versus no treatment in the management of glaucoma suspects

213. Screening and Treatment for Hypercholesterolemia in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Evidence Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/CW23r2jqogvTG2_-kBjRxH
     January 01, 2007 - Trials of drug therapy in children with heterozygous FH or FCH are included because drug treatment … Benefits and adverse effects of therapies were considered equally important and both types of outcomes … Eleven trials evaluated drug therapies for treatment of children with probable or definite heterozygous … Reynauld's phenomenon occurred during therapy (1) but treatment continued without recurrence. … Fair to poor for diet and exercise treatments.

214. Evidence Summary: Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Assessment With Nontraditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary--html/cardiovascular-disease-screening-using-nontraditional-risk-assessment
     July 10, 2018 - Given that risk estimates are used to guide preventive therapy such as aspirin and statins, 6 , 8-10 … studies for each KQ or methodological and clinical heterogeneity, including differences in outcomes and treatments … thresholds to initiate preventive therapies have been lowered to 7.5% or 10%, and reported NRI will … In the absence of this evidence, studies in which preventive therapies were guided by nontraditional … Diabetes Care . 2011;34(10):2285-2290. 62.

215. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Lipid Disorders in Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary34/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening-2007
     July 15, 2007 - Trials of drug therapy in children with heterozygous FH or FCH are included because drug treatment trials … Benefits and adverse effects of therapies were considered equally important and both types of outcomes … Eleven trials evaluated drug therapies for treatment of children with probable or definite heterozygous … treatments: diet, exercise, drug [treatments], and combination [treatments], to a lozenge-shaped box … Reynauld's phenomenon occurred during therapy (1) but treatment continued without recurrence.

216. Final Research Plan: Promotion of a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     June 04, 2020 - Secondary or tertiary prevention of CVD Weight loss or weight loss maintenance * Cancer prevention or treatment … Prevention or treatment of diabetes Prevention or treatment of cognitive decline Prevention of … adolescents Parents (if intended behavior change is directed toward children) Persons with known CVD or diabetes … tolerance, or 6-minute walk) Dichotomized versions of CVD risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes

217. Final Research Plan: Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-cvd-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     June 04, 2020 - Secondary or tertiary prevention of CVD Weight loss or weight loss maintenance * Cancer prevention or treatment … Prevention or treatment of diabetes Prevention or treatment of cognitive decline Prevention of … adolescents Parents (if intended behavior change is directed toward children) Persons with known CVD or diabetes … tolerance, or 6-minute walk) Dichotomized versions of CVD risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes

218. Final Research Plan: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/healthy-lifestyle-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     June 04, 2020 - Secondary or tertiary prevention of CVD Weight loss or weight loss maintenance * Cancer prevention or treatment … Prevention or treatment of diabetes Prevention or treatment of cognitive decline Prevention of … adolescents Parents (if intended behavior change is directed toward children) Persons with known CVD or diabetes … tolerance, or 6-minute walk) Dichotomized versions of CVD risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes

219. Using Nontraditional Risk Factors in Coronary Heart Disease Risk Assessment: Clinical Summary of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BdMLHKcM_9Qs9C4z-X8GJY
     October 06, 2009 - Population Asymptomatic men and women with no history of coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes … Treatment to prevent CHD events by modifying risk factors is currently based on the Framingham risk model … classification of individuals at intermediate risk could be improved by using additional risk factors, treatment … of hs-CRP or ABI scores, data are not available to determine whether they benefit from additional treatments … Clinicians should continue to use the Framingham model to assess CHD risk and guide risk-based preventive therapy

220. Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/whbbEX529Ha4FyvsYv6uh6
     April 26, 2022 - The Hypertension Optimal Treatment study (the HOT study). … Optimal Treatment (HOT) study. … Low-dose aspirin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and reduced glomerular filtration rate: subanalysis … Aspirin treatment and risk of first incident cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes … Annual risk of major bleeding among persons without cardiovascular disease not receiving antiplatelet therapy