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141. Archived: Evidence Summary: Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary10/aspirin-for-the-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication-2009
     March 15, 2009 - We extracted the following data: geographic location, duration of therapy, proportion of female patients … , dosage, control, blinding, outcome adjudication, additional therapies, demographic characteristics, … 29%) 60-69 (45%) 70-79 (24%) Mean, 54.6 45-54 (60.2%) 55-64 (29.5%) ≤65 (10.3%) Duration of therapy … high and the original randomization process did not seem to account for the presence or absence of diabetes … Diabetes Care 2003;26:3264-72. [PMID: 14633812] Return to Table of Contents

142. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: An Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/t6yV6ZMHngeWgmTsoMMefM
     March 01, 2009 - We extracted the following data: geographic location, duration of therapy, proportion of female patients … , dosage, control, blinding, outcome ad- judication, additional therapies, demographic characteris- tics … , 50–80) 60–69 (45%) 45–54 (60.2%) 70–79 (13.9%) 70–79 (24%) 55–64 (29.5%) �65 (10.3%) Duration of therapy … high and the original randomization process did not seem to account for the presence or absence of diabetes … Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3264-72.

143. Evidence Summary: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd
     November 24, 2020 - Treatment guidelines for hypertension and dyslipidemia have changed, generally recommending treatment … Clinical and cost outcomes of medical nutrition therapy for hypercholesterolemia: a controlled trial. … Motivational interviewing and problem solving treatment to reduce type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular … The Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study (the HOT Study). … One-year follow-up of a therapeutic lifestyle intervention targeting cardiovascular disease risk.

144. Recommendation: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening
     November 15, 2022 - . 4 Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are an alternative therapy to positive airway pressure for … 16 Surgical interventions for OSA are available, but they generally are not considered first-line treatments … or discomfort. 15 , 16 In general, the adverse events related to positive airway pressure and MAD therapy … The focus of this recommendation is first-line therapies for OSA. … Surgical therapies are typically reserved for patients who do not respond to first-line therapies or

145. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/VwvmgA5bLZZJhK6YSqRonU
     November 01, 2022 - • Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure or mandibular advancement devices can improve … apnea-hypopnea index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, and blood pressure) in populations referred for treatment … outcomes associated with untreated OSA include cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular events, type 2 diabetes

146. Screening For Impaired Visual Acuity In Older Adults: Clinical Summary (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/n6zHNuxCoZRTdKJ_m2JFtU
     July 07, 2009 - Additional risk factors include: • Smoking, alcohol use, exposure to ultraviolet light, diabetes, corticosteroids … There is evidence that early treatment of refractive error, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration

147. Final Research Plan: High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening
     June 30, 2022 - youth who: Have an eating disorder Are pregnant or postpartum Have medical conditions, such as diabetes … combination: Behavioral-based interventions (e.g., behavior modification, cognitive behavioral therapy … measures (included only when weight-related measures are also reported): insulin resistance/blood glucose/diabetes … ) or other treatment-related harms reported in trials meeting inclusion criteria for intermediate or … Serious harms are events resulting in death, hospitalization, or the need for urgent medical treatment

148. Archived: Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening-september-2016
     September 06, 2016 - Some evidence from observational studies has explored the association between poorly controlled diabetes … However, there is insufficient evidence on screening for and treatment of LTBI in persons with diabetes … It does not recommend systematic testing for LTBI among persons who have diabetes, engage in harmful … Efficacy of various durations of isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis: five years of follow-up … Adverse events with 4 months of rifampin therapy or 9 months of isoniazid therapy for latent tuberculosis

149. Final Research Plan: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
     May 14, 2020 - effect vary between a priori subgroups defined by age, sex, 10-year cardiovascular risk, diagnosis of diabetes … effect vary between a priori subgroups defined by age, sex, 10-year cardiovascular risk, diagnosis of diabetes … with other nonaspirin antithrombotic medications (e.g., warfarin) Comparisons Placebo or no treatment

150. Evidence Summary: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening
     July 18, 2023 - without an inherited component from single-nucleotide variants with smaller additive effects. 2-4 Therapies … For KQ4, RCTs of treatments for dyslipidemia including drugs, behavioral counseling, and supplements … Twenty-two fair- to good-quality trials (n = 2257) examined the effectiveness of various lipid-lowering treatments … of secondary comorbid conditions (eg, diabetes, hypothyroidism) and identification and treatment of … Statin use and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.

151. Archived: Final Research Plan: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan17/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd-august-2014
     May 15, 2013 - or dyslipidemia) Persons with known CVD, such that >50% of participants have known CVD or diabetes … maintenance, falls prevention, depression, cognitive functioning, or disease prevention other than CVD/diabetes … The USPSTF received several comments requesting that it include persons with diabetes in the review. … Although management of diabetes is outside the scope of the USPSTF (which considers preventive services … , not treatment and management), studies that enrolled participants with diabetes will be included as

152. Aspirin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/by8VJVre6h6BmadrGxaFMM
     April 01, 2016 - , diabetes, and smoking. … Treatment and Dosage The optimal dose of aspirin to prevent CVD events is not known. … No data exist on the role of aspirin therapy in racial/ethnic groups. … The American Diabetes Association suggests low- dose aspirin therapy for primary prevention in patients … Early Treatment Diabetic Retino- pathy Study report 14. JAMA. 1992;268:1292-300.

153. Recommendation: Food Insecurity: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/food-insecurity-screening
     March 11, 2025 - , primary interest in other outcomes or comparative effectiveness). 3 , 33 Harms of Screening and Treatment … Primary care–based and primary care–referrable interventions generally offer only limited “treatment” … American Diabetes Association. … Benefits of early detection and intervention and treatment Inadequate direct evidence about screening … Harms of early detection and intervention and treatment Inadequate evidence on the harms of screening

154. Screening for Food Insecurity: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/99YKN27_cW9CRosq9RUMnv
     March 11, 2025 - Benefits of early detection and intervention and treatment • Inadequate direct evidence about screening … Harms of early detection and intervention and treatment Inadequate evidence on the harms of screening … Primary care– based and primary care–referrable interventions generally offer only limited “treatment … American Diabetes Association. … Diabetes Care. 2021;44(suppl 1):S7-S14. doi:10.2337/dc21-S001 42.

155. Final Recommendation Statement: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening
     November 15, 2022 - . 4 Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are an alternative therapy to positive airway pressure for … 16 Surgical interventions for OSA are available, but they generally are not considered first-line treatments … or discomfort. 15 , 16 In general, the adverse events related to positive airway pressure and MAD therapy … The focus of this recommendation is first-line therapies for OSA. … Surgical therapies are typically reserved for patients who do not respond to first-line therapies or

156. Screening for High Blood Pressure: USPSTF Reaffirmation Recommnedation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/tDXRYadTAu6MrMmxU6kqK7
     December 01, 2007 - Benefits of Detection and Early Treatment The USPSTF found good evidence that treatment of high blood … Clinicians should consider the patient’s overall cardiovascular risk profile, including smoking, diabetes … Nonpharmacologic Treatment Nonpharmacologic therapies, such as reduction of di- etary sodium intake, … The follow ing nonpharm acologic therapies are associated w ith reductions in blood pressure: • R … anagem ent • R eduction of alcohol intake A dults w ith hypertension should be screened for diabetes

157. Screening for and Management of Obesity in Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Bd9Cgr5WNueNbmfsPxUKDP
     September 01, 2012 - Both also recommend that weight-loss and weight- maintenance therapies should include a reduced-calorie … diet, increased physical activity, and behavioral therapy. … It also recom- mends that clinicians consider referral for further evalua- tion and treatment whenever … Effectiveness of primary care-relevant treatments for obesity in adults: a systematic evidence review … Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults

158. Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/e6_WqcwDGhgT6bQfmk3Hqj
     February 02, 2021 - Treatment Medical and surgical options are available for treatment of carotid artery stenosis. … disease and often includes statins, antiplatelet medications, management of hypertension and diabetes … These studies included participants with cardiovascular disease risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension … conducted during the 1990s.8 Many study participants had hypertension, coronary artery disease, or diabetes … factors for developing carotid artery stenosis are noted in the recommendation, including hypertension, diabetes

159. Archived: Evidence Summary: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary2/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd-august-2014
     August 26, 2014 - protocol to start medication for dyslipidemia or increased glucose levels or to start nicotine replacement therapy … Sodium reduction and weight loss in the treatment of hypertension in older persons: a randomized controlled … Diabetes Prevention Project. … Motivational interviewing and problem solving treatment to reduce type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular … Effectiveness of primary care-relevant treatments for obesity in adults: a systematic evidence review

160. Archived: Blood Pressure in Adults (Hypertension): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/blood-pressure-in-adults-hypertension-screening-2007
     December 15, 2007 - The following non-pharmacological therapies are associated with reductions in blood pressure: Reduction … Other Relevant Recommendations from the USPSTF Adults with hypertension should be screened for diabetes … Clinicians should consider the patient's overall cardiovascular risk profile, including smoking, diabetes … Nonpharmacological treatment. … Nonpharmacological therapies, such as reduction of dietary sodium intake, potassium supplementation,