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21. Archived: Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening-july-2014
    July 08, 2014 - (CEA) performed by selected surgeons reduces the absolute incidence of all strokes or perioperative death … Pooled estimates on the outcome of death, perioperative stroke, or any subsequent stroke reported that … Pooled data from cohort studies showed a 3.3% rate of death or stroke after CEA at 30 days. … One cohort study on harms from CAAS, the CREST lead-in study, found a stroke or death rate of 3.8% (CI … A meta-analysis of 2 trials ( n = 6152) found a stroke or death rate of 3.1% (CI, 2.7% to 3.6%) after

22. Benefits and Harms of Computed Tomography Lung Cancer Screening Programs for High Risk Populations (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RkeQEwKRWULreuWecXG8S-
    July 01, 2013 - For detected cancers in Model U, time to death from lung cancer is based on survival models that define … absolute number of lung cancer deaths averted, and life-years gained (absolute and per lung cancer death … Specifically, the NLST criteria required 577 screenings per lung cancer death averted compared with … Chapter 3: Cohort life tables by smoking status, removing lung cancer as a cause of death. … deaths averted per 100,000** Life- years gained per 100,000 Life- years gained per death

23. Recommendation: Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening
    February 02, 2021 - patients randomized to best medical therapy had unexpectedly higher rates of ipsilateral stroke or death … (SPACE-2) trial (n = 316) found no difference between groups in the composite outcome of stroke or death … patients who underwent CEA had a significantly lower composite risk of nonfatal ipsilateral stroke or death … or CAS (n = 332,103). 7 , 9 The proportion of patients experiencing 30-day postoperative stroke or death … Leading causes of death. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published October 30, 2020.

24. Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/e6_WqcwDGhgT6bQfmk3Hqj
    February 02, 2021 - cardial infarction, it causes a relatively small proportion of strokes.2 Stroke is a leading cause of death … (SPACE-2) trial (n = 316) found no difference between groups in the composite outcome of stroke or death … trial, there were no sig- nificant differences between groups in the composite outcome of stroke or death … 3.5% in a large Medicare database.21 The proportion that experienced 30-day postoperative stroke or death … Leading causes of death. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published October 30, 2020.

25. Final Research Plan: Aspirin to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan-aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-diseas/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer
    October 07, 2013 - aspirin use in persons without known cardiovascular disease reduce myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, death … Included Excluded Aim Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: MI, stroke, death from … MI or stroke, or all-cause mortality Secondary and tertiary prevention of MI, stroke, death from MI … nonaspirin medication, dietary supplements, dietary change, weight loss) Outcomes KQ 1: MI, stroke, death

26. Archived: Final Research Plan: Aspirin to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan-aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-diseas/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer-april-2016
    October 07, 2013 - aspirin use in persons without known cardiovascular disease reduce myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, death … Included Excluded Aim Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: MI, stroke, death from … MI or stroke, or all-cause mortality Secondary and tertiary prevention of MI, stroke, death from MI … nonaspirin medication, dietary supplements, dietary change, weight loss) Outcomes KQ 1: MI, stroke, death

27. Archived: How Did the USPSTF Arrive at This Recommendation?: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/how-did-the-uspstf-arrive-at-this-recommendation-/prostate-cancer-screening-2012
    May 11, 2012 - If the possibility, however small, of avoiding death from prostate cancer is more important to you than … this test, physicians should first ensure that you understand the very small possibility of avoiding death … For unknown reasons, the death rate from prostate cancer had been climbing for two decades until about … As such, the reversal in the upward trend for death rates from prostate cancer is unlikely to be from … Other cancers for which screening is not commonly performed also showed declines in death rates over

28. Archived: Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening, December 2007 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening-december-2007
    December 15, 2007 - As the result of these procedures, some people would suffer serious harms (death, stroke, and myocardial … Good evidence indicates that although stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United … Therefore, screening could lead to non-indicated surgeries that result in serious harms, including death … Overall, 30-day perioperative stroke or death rates in asymptomatic patients ranged from 1.6% to 3.7% … Two Medicare-based studies found variation in perioperative stroke and death among 10 states. 11 , 12

29. Tagauj5Qoarfv3M8Fapbon (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TAgAUJ5QoaRfV3M8fApBoN
    June 03, 2019 - estimates and credible intervals (CrIs) for the effectiveness of screening with mammography in reducing death … mary relative risk was 0.84 (95% CrI, 0.77 to 0.91) and the number needed to screen to prevent one death … Breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 40 to 49 years. CMAJ. 1992;147:1459-76. … Breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 50 to 59 years. CMAJ. 1992;147:1477-88. … Verification of the cause of death in the trial of early detection of breast cancer.

30. Decision Analysis: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/decision-analysis-for-aspirin/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer
    April 11, 2016 - CRC CRC Death GI Bleeding § Hemorrhagic Stroke § GI Bleeding Death Hemorrhagic Stroke Death … CRC CRC Death GI Bleeding § Hemorrhagic Stroke § GI Bleeding Death Hemorrhagic Stroke Death … CRC CRC Death GI Bleeding § Hemorrhagic Stroke § GI Bleeding Death Hemorrhagic Stroke Death … Case 10 GIB death = none is equivalent to setting the case-fatality rates from GI bleeding to 0%. … Case 10 GIB death = none is equivalent to setting the case-fatality rates from GI bleeding to 0%.

31. Archived: Decision Analysis: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/decision-analysis-for-aspirin/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer-april-2016
    April 11, 2016 - CRC CRC Death GI Bleeding § Hemorrhagic Stroke § GI Bleeding Death Hemorrhagic Stroke Death … CRC CRC Death GI Bleeding § Hemorrhagic Stroke § GI Bleeding Death Hemorrhagic Stroke Death … CRC CRC Death GI Bleeding § Hemorrhagic Stroke § GI Bleeding Death Hemorrhagic Stroke Death … Case 10 GIB death = none is equivalent to setting the case-fatality rates from GI bleeding to 0%. … Case 10 GIB death = none is equivalent to setting the case-fatality rates from GI bleeding to 0%.

32. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: A Decision Analysis for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_SfjkGNHBnLqn8ySe7kAdg
    April 01, 2016 - CRC CRC Death GI Bleeding§ Hemorrhagic Stroke§ GI Bleeding Death Hemorrhagic Stroke Death Net … CRC CRC Death GI Bleeding§ Hemorrhagic Stroke§ GI Bleeding Death Hemorrhagic Stroke Death Net … Case 10 GIB death = none is equivalent to setting the case-fatality rates from GI bleeding to 0%. … Case 10 GIB death = none is equivalent to setting the case-fatality rates from GI bleeding to 0%. … Case 10 GIB death = none is equivalent to setting the case-fatality rates from GI bleeding to 0%.

33. Procedure Manual Section 4. Evidence Review Development | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-section-4-evidence-review-development
    April 19, 2025 - Methodological issues can arise because of difficulties in the assignment of cause of death based on … known to exist at the time of death but which is not, in fact, the direct cause. … Coding conventions for death certificates also result in deaths from some causes being attributed to … chronic conditions routinely present at death. … of cancer on the death certificate.

34. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening for Skin Cancer (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/skincancerdraftrsbulletin.pdf
    December 01, 2015 - The vast majority of skin cancers are of a type which rarely result in death. … skin cancer that is much less common—representing less than 2% of all skin cancers—but has a higher death … It determined that there is not enough evidence to know for certain whether such screening prevents death

35. Archived: Evidence Summary: Breast Cancer: Screening, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/breast-cancer-screening-2002
    September 03, 2002 - summary relative risk was 0.84 (95% CrI, 0.77 to 0.91) and the number needed to screen to prevent one death … , MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, and reference lists 6–8 for randomized, controlled trials of screening with death … Breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 40 to 49 years. CMAJ . 1992;147:1459-76. … Breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 50 to 59 years. CMAJ . 1992;147:1477-88. … Verification of the cause of death in the trial of early detection of breast cancer.

36. Evidence Summary: Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-nonpregnant-adolescents-and-adults1/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening
    June 11, 2019 - cell counts greater than 350/mm 3 to 500/mm 3 or 550/mm 3 was associated with decreased risk of death … than 350/mm 3 associated with increased risk of the composite end point of progression to AIDS or death … Effects on the primary composite outcome (death, serious AIDS events, and serious non-AIDS events) (6.4% … Lack of association between use of efavirenz and death from suicide: evidence from the D:A:D study. … RR, 0.94 (0.93-0.94) ≥500 vs <350 RR, 0.94 (0.91-0.97) Progression to AIDS or death RR

37. N3Veybr4Zdhzfqsw3Erlhe (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/N3VeYbr4ZdhZfqsw3ErLHE
    November 01, 2014 - RATIONALE Importance Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. … (CEA) performed by selected surgeons reduces the absolute incidence of all strokes or perioperative death … DISCUSSION Burden of Disease Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. … Pooled data from cohort studies showed a 3.3% rate of death or stroke after CEA at 30 days. … A meta-analysis of 2 trials (n � 6152) found a stroke or death rate of 3.1% (CI, 2.7% to 3.6%) after

38. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/CFNn2TBR6jtaNA87ER_Bop
    May 01, 2022 - • Death from chronic lower respiratory disease (mostly COPD) is highest in White adults. … • Chronic lower respiratory disease, composed mainly of COPD, is the sixth leading cause of death in

39. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) and CVD in Adults: Risk Assessment with Ankle Brachial Index | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary41/peripheral-arterial-disease-pad-and-cvd-in-adults-risk-assessment-with-ankle-brachial-index
    September 03, 2013 - cardiovascular or lower-extremity–related health outcomes, and serious adverse events (for example, death … The FRS predicts the risk for “hard” CAD events (for example, myocardial infarction or CAD death) over … Although some of our included studies used myocardial infarction and CAD death as a composite outcome … The event rates for myocardial infarction or CAD death are two thirds to three fourths those for total … (death due to atherosclerotic CVD or CVA)   ABI ≤0.9: 2.18 (CI, 1.57 to 3.02)   ABI ≥1.3:

40. The Ankle–Brachial Index for PAD and CVD Prediction Among Asymptomatic Adults: A Systematic Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/R_Fp-7sDqohFNj_9WF3_tY
    September 01, 2013 - The FRS predicts the risk for “hard” CAD events (for example, myocardial infarction or CAD death) over … Although some of our included stud- ies used myocardial infarction and CAD death as a com- posite outcome … The event rates for myocardial infarction or CAD death are two thirds to three fourths those for total … (death due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or CVA) ABI �0.9: 2.18 (CI, 1.57 to 3.02) ABI … , MI resuscitated cardiac arrest, angina with revascularization, CVA, or CVD death): 0.81 (CI, 0.68 to