-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vision-in-children-ages-6-months-to-5-years-screening
December 17, 2015 - ), and ocular alignment tests (e.g., photoscreening, corneal light reflex test, cover-uncover test, cross … Randomized, controlled trials and prospective cohort studies with an eligible comparator
KQ 2: Cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/speech-and-language-delay-and-disorders-in-children-age-5-and-younger-screening
June 09, 2022 - Designs
KQs 1, 3, 6: Controlled cohort studies, RCTs, and nonrandomized, controlled trials
KQs 2: Cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/autism-spectrum-disorder-young-children-1
June 10, 2021 - ; nonrandomized and quasiexperimental designs; retrospective and prospective cohort designs KQ 2: Cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/yj6JY8HJZtbnv5qDPxS3PX
KQ2 Indirect Grade
assignment
Randomized
trials, Cross-
sectional and
cohort studies of
diagnostic
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan95/syphilis-infection-in-nonpregnant-adults-and-adolescents-june-2016
September 18, 2014 - including ecological studies
Harms: Randomized, controlled trials; observational studies, including cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening
March 04, 2021 - Acceptability of screening
Study designs
KQs 1, 5-6: RCTs
KQ 2: Prospective cohort studies and cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/breast-cancer-screening
May 06, 2021 - factor or marker)
KQ 3: All of the above, plus population-based nested case-control studies and cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening-october-2018
August 25, 2016 - attitudes toward the instrument
Study Designs
All KQs: Randomized, controlled trials
KQ 2: Cross-sectional … attitudes toward the instrument
Study Designs
All KQs: Randomized, controlled trials
KQ 2: Cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary50/impaired-visual-acuity-in-older-adults-screening-2009
July 15, 2009 - Eight cross-sectional studies evaluated the accuracy of various diagnostic tests or screening questions … could achieve visual acuity better than 20/40 with refractive correction. 1 Because NHANES used a cross-sectional … Visual Conditions
Reference Standard
Index Text
Quality Score
Ariyasu et al, 1996 22
Cross-sectional … or worse: 81%
Snellen eye chart
Screening questions
Poor to fair
Wang et al, 1998 27
Cross-sectional … , followed by pinhole visual acuity if worse than 20/30
Poor to fair
Woods et al, 1998 29
Cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/7eLc5kBtomL_HKpYDwsFPf
July 01, 2009 - Eight cross-sectional studies evaluated the accuracy of
various diagnostic tests or screening questions … Because NHANES used a cross-sectional de-
sign, the proportion that would have optimal visual acuity … chart (testing
vision at reading
distance)
Screening questions Fair
Hiller and Krueger,
1983 (25)
Cross-sectional … eye chart 20/25 or
worse: 69%
Snellen eye chart Screening questions Fair
Ivers et al,
2001 (28)
Cross-sectional … chart 6/12 or
worse: 81%
Snellen eye chart Screening questions Poor to
fair
Wang et al,
1998 (27)
Cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/hypertension-in-adults-screening
October 04, 2018 - reports, case-control studies, and simulation studies
KQ 3: Studies with a sample size <100
KQ 4: Cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan11/brca-related-cancer-risk-assessment-genetic-counseling-and-genetic-testing-2013
December 15, 2012 - Randomized, controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening-adults
October 12, 2023 - adjustment for confounders ‖ ; large uncontrolled observational studies of harms ¶
KQs 3 and 4: Cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/published-comment---will-recommendations-against-spirometry-make-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-harder-to-treat/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-screening-2008
November 15, 2008 - Detecting patients at a high risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice: cross … sectional case finding study.
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/drug-use-illicit-primary-care-interventions-for-children-and-adolescents
August 30, 2018 - retrospective cohort studies
Case-control studies
Time series studies
Before-after studies
Cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-screening
March 14, 2019 - Study Designs
KQs 1–3: Randomized, controlled trials; cohort studies; and case-control studies; cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening
June 17, 2021 - KQ 2: RCTs, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies.
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/speech-and-language-delay-and-disorders-in-children-age-5-and-younger-screening
January 23, 2024 - tool
Age, mean (range), mo
% Female
Study quality
Alberts et al, 19 1995 United States
Cross-sectional … centers in Central Texas
DOCT
48 (52-67)
51
Fair
Allen and Bliss, 20 1987 United States
Cross-sectional … in suburban Dallas
FPST, NSST
36-47
NR
Fair
Bliss and Allen, 21 1984 United States
Cross-sectional … in Laramie and Casper, Wyoming
LDS
25 (24-26)
39
Fair
Kok and To, 27 2019 Hong Kong
Cross-sectional … Nurse screening
30 (29-33)
51
Fair
Pace et al, 32 2022 (study 2 only) United States
Cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening
June 24, 2025 - Validity of the ACTS intimate partner violence screen in antenatal care: a cross sectional study. … only
KQ2: Accuracy of screening tests for detecting IPV
Past-year IPV exposure (women)
9 Cross-sectional … y presenting for primary care, antenatal care, or ED visits
Past-year IPV exposure (men)
1 Cross-sectional … single study
Insufficient
Men presenting in an ED setting
Current/ongoing IPV exposure
6 Cross-sectional … aged ≥16 y presenting for primary care, antenatal care, or ED visits
Lifetime IPV exposure
1 Cross-sectional
-
www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/article/prostate-cancer-screening-2008
August 05, 2008 - Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials and meta-analyses of PSA screening and cross-sectional … In 1 cross-sectional and 2 prospective cohort studies of fair to good quality, false-positive PSA screening … One cross-sectional and 2 prospective cohort studies of fair-to-good quality reported short- and long-term … false-positive screening results; complete data on 78% of participants
Fair
Katz et al., 2007 20
Cross-sectional