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41. Archived: Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cancer: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-aspirin-to-prevent-cancer/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer-april-2016
    April 11, 2016 - Data on non-CRC cancer types and subgroups were limited. … CRC Mortality Rothwell and colleagues reported data on long-term CRC mortality (median follow-up, 18.3 … CRC Incidence Data on CRC incidence came from 2 IPD meta-analyses by Rothwell and colleagues 67 , … CRC deaths k = 2; n = 7588; 216 incident CRC cases Primary CVD prevention studies AAA, … CRC = colorectal cancer.

42. Archived: Evidence Summary: Vitamin D Deficiency: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary18/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening-november-2014
    November 25, 2014 - Data Synthesis: No study examined the effects of vitamin D screening versus no screening on clinical … For screening studies, we included randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) of screening for vitamin D deficiency … We found no direct evidence on effects of screening for vitamin D deficiency versus no screening on clinical … (>200 ng/mL) These levels are considered toxic NA NA 25-(OH)D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CRC … analyzed in case–control studies per intervention (vitamin D vs. control): fractures: 266 vs. 285, CRC

43. Aspirin for the Prevention of Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Systematic Evidence Reviews for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Njxn2r3qtWKdBf2_VhS2Aw
    April 01, 2016 - ) mortality and incidence in persons at average CRC risk. … 6; n = 35 535; 1632 incident cancer cases k = 4; n = 14 033; 391 incident CRC cases, 240 CRC deaths … CRC Mortality Rothwell and colleagues reported data on long- term CRC mortality (median follow-up, 18.3 … CRC Incidence Data on CRC incidence came from 2 IPD meta- analyses by Rothwell and colleagues (67, 68 … Forest plots of aspirin use and CRC incidence.

44. Recommendation: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening
    May 18, 2021 - Colonoscopy has the longest length between screenings (10 years when screening results are negative), … whereas flexible sigmoidoscopy and CT colonography allow 5 years between screenings if performed alone … https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/pdf/QuickFacts-BRFSS-2016-CRC-Screening-508.pdf 6. … Benefits of Colorectal Cancer Screening CRC … CRC indicates colorectal cancer; CT, computed tomography; FIT, fecal immunochemical test (with positivity

45. Archived: Evaluating Test Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Decision Analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evaluating-test-strategies-for-colorectal-cancer-screening-a-decision-analysis-for-the-us-preventive-services-task-force/colorectal-cancer-screening-2008
    October 15, 2008 - indicate that continued screening in 75-year-old persons after consecutive negative screenings since … that continuing screening after age 75 in individuals who have had regular, consistently negative screenings … 34.5 34.5 30.5 30.4 30.3 Rectum 31.2 31.2 31.2 7.5 7.2 6.8 Cumulative CRC … 4.0 0.9 2.1 3.4 Lifetime 7.3 7.1 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.3 Stage distribution of CRC … 26.3 26.1 20.0 22.2 22.6 Stage IV 26.7 24.4 23.2 16.4 20.7 23.2 CRC

46. A and B Recommendations | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation-topics/uspstf-and-b-recommendations
    December 01, 2021 - low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC … biennial screening mammography for women aged 50 to 74 years … recommends screening for colorectal cancer in adults aged 45 to 49 years. … recommends screening for colorectal cancer in all adults aged 50 to 75 years. … B August 2021 * Preeclampsia: Screening: pregnant woman The USPSTF recommends screening

47. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6hyj7-3s6Qxs-brqhxPVxD
    June 06, 2017 - cancer deaths averted per 1000 individuals screened which include the SimulationModel Model Estimates, CRC … Simulated Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 y 20 17 21 Populationmodel for Incidence and Natural History (CRC-SPIN … CRC Deaths Averted per 1000 Screened These strategies yield comparable a Harms: Complications (gastrointestinal … short period (bowel preparation, procedure, and recovery) but allows for much longer time between screenings … starting colonoscopy screen­ ing at an earlier age (45 years) and to extending the interval between screenings

48. Evaluating Test Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Decision Analysis (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/UPu84CV2CNuxR8kpVU6e3V
    November 01, 2008 - 1.6 0.2 0.7 1.4 20 y 0.9 2.3 4.0 0.9 2.1 3.4 Lifetime 7.3 7.1 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.3 Stage distribution of CRC … 31.4 39.6 35.1 34.8 Stage III 33.7 26.3 26.1 20.0 22.2 22.6 Stage IV 26.7 24.4 23.2 16.4 20.7 23.2 CRC … general population and showed that stopping at age 75 years after consecutive negative screenings since … screenings since age 50 years will add little benefit. … screenings since age 50 provides minimal benefit for the resources required.

49. High-Priority Evidence Gaps For Clinical Preventive Services (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/rtc2016rev_2%20(3).pdf
    December 01, 2016 - low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC … (Grade B) The decision to initiate low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of CVD and CRC … the balance of benefits and harms of initiating aspirin use for the primary prevention of CVD and CRC … the balance of benefits and harms of initiating aspirin use for the primary prevention of CVD and CRC … that they develop and spread between screenings.

50. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Publishes Final Recommendation Statement on Aspirin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/aspirin-cvdcrc-finalrsbulletin.pdf
    April 12, 2016 - In addition, regular screening is an important part of preventing colorectal cancer. … all Americans by making evidence-based recommendations about clinical preventive services such as screenings

51. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/cTa7Hs56-yj4kCr7yXLdRm
    July 01, 1994 - Screening for Ovarian Cancer: Review R E V I E W S Screening for Ovarian Cancer Karen J. … In a Swedish trial (7) of two consecutive annual screenings with the CA 125 radioimmunoassay in more … no screening). … on screening for ovarian cancer. … Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press; 1987:50-95. 18.

52. Overdiagnosis in Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KT7vaWK_JSDNNvEmUAjN8d
    May 01, 2018 - programs (i.e., age to start and stop screening, screening interval) that might mitigate the problem … Among the four modeled screening strategies, Gulati and colleagues25 concluded that screening with a … and MISCAN- Colon, Colorectal Cancer Simulated Population model for Incidence and National history (CRC … risk of overdiagnosis was estimated to be 0.03% based on the MISCAN-Colon model, 0.00% based on the CRC-SPIN … cancer screening.

53. Overdiagnosis in Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16812/prostate-models-overdiagnosis/pdf
    May 01, 2018 - programs (i.e., age to start and stop screening, screening interval) that might mitigate the problem … Among the four modeled screening strategies, Gulati and colleagues25 concluded that screening with a … and MISCAN- Colon, Colorectal Cancer Simulated Population model for Incidence and National history (CRC … risk of overdiagnosis was estimated to be 0.03% based on the MISCAN-Colon model, 0.00% based on the CRC-SPIN … cancer screening.

54. Archived: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening-june-2016
    June 15, 2016 - These screening strategies include 1) annual screening with FIT, 2) screening every 10 years with flexible … sigmoidoscopy and annual screening with FIT, 3) screening every 10 years with colonoscopy, and 4) screening … a short period (bowel preparation, procedure, and recovery) but allows for much longer time between screenings … at an earlier age (45 years) and to extending the interval between screenings with negative findings … Colorectal Cancer, and the Colorectal Cancer Simulated Population model for Incidence and Natural History (CRC-SPIN

55. A X9Vthjbwewpwlwsukvav (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/a_x9VThjBWewPwLWsUkVav
    January 01, 2015 - Data Synthesis: No study examined the effects of vitamin D screening versus no screening on clinical … deficiency Levels ≥50 nmol/L (≥20 ng/mL) have been associated with decreased risk for fractures, CVD, CRC … decreased risk for CVD Levels >75 nmol/L (>30 ng/mL) associated with decreased risk for death and CRC … vary Levels between 87 and 100 nmol/L (35 to 40 ng/mL) may be associated with decreased for death and CRC … >499 nmol/L (>200 ng/mL) These levels are considered toxic NA NA 25-(OH)D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CRC

56. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: An Updated Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2sssC_CV4u5DY_rgjC-FMd
    February 01, 2018 - (with a cutoff of 35 U/ml) (n= 41, 688) or followup without screening (n=40,799).121 Screenings were … ‖ Exclusion based on CRC screening began in April 1995. … tests Random sample: No evidence of change in anxiety or psychological morbidity due to repeat screenings … [Mass-screening for ovarian cancer by means of transvaginal ultrasonography]. … Usefulness of mass screening for ovarian carcinoma using transvaginal ultrasonography.

57. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: An Updated Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16768/ovarian-cancer-final-evid-review/pdf
    February 01, 2018 - (with a cutoff of 35 U/ml) (n= 41, 688) or followup without screening (n=40,799).121 Screenings were … ‖ Exclusion based on CRC screening began in April 1995. … tests Random sample: No evidence of change in anxiety or psychological morbidity due to repeat screenings … [Mass-screening for ovarian cancer by means of transvaginal ultrasonography]. … Usefulness of mass screening for ovarian carcinoma using transvaginal ultrasonography.

58. Evidence Summary: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer and CVD: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary21/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-and-cvd-counseling
    February 03, 2014 - 49 59 Any: ↔ MI: NR Stroke: NR Any:↔† Lung:↔ CRC … 14,641 64 0 Any:↔ MI:↔‡ Stroke:↔ Any: ↓ Lung:↔ CRC … NA NA ↑ Hip fractures among current and former MVI users (↑) CRC

59. Archived: Evidence Summary: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer and CVD: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary21/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-and-cvd-counseling-february-2014
    February 03, 2014 - 49 59 Any: ↔ MI: NR Stroke: NR Any:↔† Lung:↔ CRC … 14,641 64 0 Any:↔ MI:↔‡ Stroke:↔ Any: ↓ Lung:↔ CRC … NA NA ↑ Hip fractures among current and former MVI users (↑) CRC

60. 8Gdsduvu-Wpf5Zafh93592 (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8GDsDuVu-WpF5zafh93592
    December 01, 2013 - E, 200 mg) 1.3 652 NHS (23) Good Prospective cohort 18 MVI (ingredients not described) NR 72 337 CRC … Incidence Cancer Incidence Mortality Harms Comments 49 59 Any: 7 MI: NR Stroke: NR Any: 7† Lung: 7 CRC … Protective effect against cancer in men (2) but not women (7) 64 0 Any: 7 MI: 7‡ Stroke: 7 Any:2 Lung: 7 CRC