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21. Modeling Study: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-modeling-study/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
    April 26, 2022 - the use of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC … Reduced CRC incidence was considered in sensitivity analysis. … Sensitivity analyses showed lifetime net benefits may be higher if aspirin reduced CRC incidence or CVD … module capable of assessing primary prevention of either CRC cases or deaths. … In the base case, there was no assumed effect of aspirin use on CRC incidence.

22. Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/whbbEX529Ha4FyvsYv6uh6
    April 26, 2022 - or were unselected for CRC risk. … The primary outcomes for CRC benefits (KQ1) were CRC inci- dence and CRC mortality. … risk factors such as family history of CRC were not reported in any RCT, and only 1 RCT73 reported CRC … Detailed results are available in the full report.10 CRC Outcomes CRC Incidence | Studies reporting … CRC Mortality | Results for CRC mortality were highly variable, po- tentially because of differences

23. Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2GDCmTe7akyrAHsTMbfz72
    May 06, 2022 - or were unselected for CRC risk. … The primary outcomes for CRC benefits (KQ1) were CRC inci- dence and CRC mortality. … risk factors such as family history of CRC were not reported in any RCT, and only 1 RCT73 reported CRC … Detailed results are available in the full report.10 CRC Outcomes CRC Incidence | Studies reporting … CRC Mortality | Results for CRC mortality were highly variable, po- tentially because of differences

24. Evidence Summary: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary19/colorectal-cancer-screening
    May 18, 2021 - or not selected for inclusion based on CRC risk factors. … Included studies needed to report outcomes of CRC incidence, CRC-specific mortality, or all-cause mortality … incidence, CRC mortality, or both. … CRC-specific mortality (IRR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.68-0.80], with 10 to 17 fewer CRC deaths per 100,000 person-years … No. of studies (participants) Rounds (intervals) Follow-up, y CRC incidence CRC mortality

25. Recommendation: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
    April 26, 2022 - Although the WHS reported a lower incidence of CRC at 17.5 years of follow-up (Peto OR, 0.82 [95% CI, … ASPREE reported that aspirin use was associated with statistically significantly higher CRC mortality … Overall, only a small number of trials reported on CRC outcomes. … by 1 trial conducted in women only, and the evidence on CRC mortality is limited by few CRC deaths. … assumed no effect of aspirin on CRC incidence.

26. Aspirin for the Prevention of Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Systematic Evidence Reviews for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Njxn2r3qtWKdBf2_VhS2Aw
    April 01, 2016 - ) mortality and incidence in persons at average CRC risk. … 6; n = 35 535; 1632 incident cancer cases k = 4; n = 14 033; 391 incident CRC cases, 240 CRC deaths … CRC Mortality Rothwell and colleagues reported data on long- term CRC mortality (median follow-up, 18.3 … CRC Incidence Data on CRC incidence came from 2 IPD meta- analyses by Rothwell and colleagues (67, 68 … Forest plots of aspirin use and CRC incidence.

27. Colorectal Cancer Screening: An Updated Modeling Study for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/473PPVwoRhapCkN9SC-rue
    May 18, 2021 - (SimCRC), CRC Simulated Population Model for Incidence and Natural History (CRC-SPIN), and Micro- simulation … age 50 y SimCRC CRC-SPIN MISCAN Mean Additional CRC cases averted if start screening at age 45 y … SimCRC CRC-SPIN MISCAN Mean Screening modality and frequency Stool tests Benefit: CRC cases averted … at age 50 y SimCRC CRC-SPIN MISCAN Mean Additional CRC deaths averted if start screening at age 45 … , colorectal cancer; CRC-SPIN, CRC Simulated Population Model for Incidence and Natural History; CTC,

28. Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LPaUxRbrTshfsYVVTzenEQ
    April 26, 2022 - The systematic review also investigated the effect of aspirin use on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence … to assess the net balance of benefits and harms from aspirin use for primary prevention of CVD and CRC … Overall, only a small number of trials reported on CRC outcomes. … weighted by 1 trial conducted in women only, and the evidence on CRC mortality is limited by few CRC … assumed no effect of as- pirin on CRC incidence.

29. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Xbtq4oDQwVo7KgmSjnnDbz
    November 01, 2021 - or not selected for inclusion based on CRC risk fac- tors. … Summarized below are the results for CRC-specific mortality, as results for CRC incidence were consistent … with CRC mortality findings. … , %e No. of CRC Deaths/ 100 000 Person-Years CRC Mortality, RR (95% CI) Flexible Sigmoidoscopy NORCCAP … Mortality benefit was limited to distal CRC. Fair to poor.

30. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ocULFVqnfy4STqcU2DuPzU
    May 18, 2021 - or not selected for inclusion based on CRC risk factors. … Included studies needed to report outcomes of CRC incidence, CRC-specific mortality, or all- cause mortality … incidence, CRC mortality, or both. … CRC-specific mortality (IRR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.68-0.80], with 10 to 17 fewer CRC deaths per 100 000 person-years … No. of studies (participants) Rounds (intervals) Follow-up, y CRC incidence CRC mortality Colonoscopy37,47

31. Evidence Summary: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/colorectal-cancer-screening
    June 15, 2016 - or not selected for inclusion based on CRC risk factors. … Summarized below are the results for CRC-specific mortality, as results for CRC incidence were consistent … with CRC mortality findings. … , % e No. of CRC Deaths/ 100,000 Person-Years CRC Mortality, RR (95% CI … Mortality benefit was limited to distal CRC. Fair to poor.

32. Archived: Evidence Summary: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/colorectal-cancer-screening-june-2016
    June 15, 2016 - or not selected for inclusion based on CRC risk factors. … Summarized below are the results for CRC-specific mortality, as results for CRC incidence were consistent … with CRC mortality findings. … , % e No. of CRC Deaths/ 100,000 Person-Years CRC Mortality, RR (95% CI … Mortality benefit was limited to distal CRC. Fair to poor.

33. Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Updated Modeling Study for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MLeu_yFpPwzcZwKG6fw5ZY
    April 26, 2022 - the use of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC … Reduced CRC incidence was considered in sensitivity analysis. … Sensitivity analyses showed lifetime net benefits may be higher if aspirin reduced CRC incidence or CVD … experi-ence their first stroke or coronary attack and nearly 150 000will develop colorectal cancer (CRC … module capable of assessing primary prevention of either CRC cases or deaths.

34. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary4/colorectal-cancer-screening-2008
    October 15, 2008 - 95.2 CRC: 86.7 Polyp ≥10 mm: 87.5 CRC: 97.3 Polyp ≥10 mm: 97.9 CRC: 97.7 … ≥10 mm: 22.8 CRC: 96.9 Adenoma ≥ 10 mm: 97.3 CRC: 90.1 Adenoma ≥10 mm: 90.6 CRC … : 55.6 Adenoma: 30.1 CRC: 83.3 Adenoma: 50.7 CRC: 88.9 Adenoma: 54.8 CRC … 1996 46 , b ; 3365; fair 4.7 CRC: 90.9 CRC: 83.3 CRC: 71.4 CRC: 95.6 Yes No … 1 of 2 CRC cases detected 2 of 2 CRC cases detected 6 of 7 CRC cases detected None detected

35. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: A Targeted, Updated Systematic Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/UCajZVxQEKLCgs59HV7ddE
    November 01, 2008 - CRC: 67.8 CRC: 97 Advanced neoplasia: NR Advanced neoplasia: NR 2.0 CRC: 61 CRC: 98 Advanced neoplasia … CRC: 79.4 CRC: 86.7 Yes Yes Polyp �10 mm: 68.6 Polyp �10 mm: 87.5 3.0 CRC: 65.6 CRC: 97.3 Polyp �10 … Polymedco, Cortlandt Manor, NY) 5.3 CRC: 86.5 CRC: 94.9 No No 18.8 CRC: 66.7 CRC: 83.1 No No Advanced … : 30.1 NR CRC: 83.3 CRC and adenoma: 96.0 Adenoma: 50.7 NR CRC: 88.9 CRC and adenoma: 93.9 Adenoma: … 54.8 4.7 CRC: 90.9 CRC: 95.6 Yes No CRC: 83.3 CRC: 71.4 8.2 CRC: 51.6 (34.8–68.0) Minor polyps: 92.4

36. Modeling Study: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-modeling-study18/colorectal-cancer-screening
    May 18, 2021 - Descriptions This study used 3 independently developed microsimulation models: Simulation Model of CRC … (SimCRC), CRC Simulated Population Model for Incidence and Natural History (CRC-SPIN), and Microsimulation … SimCRC was programmed in C++, CRC-SPIN in R, and MISCAN in Delphi. … Simulated Population Model for Incidence and Natural History (CRC-SPIN) simulates continuous adenoma … , colorectal cancer; CRC-SPIN, CRC Simulated Population Model for Incidence and Natural History; CTC,

37. Archived: Evidence Summary: Aspirin: Aspirin/NSAIDs for Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-aspirin/aspirin-nsaids-for-prevention-of-colorectal-cancer-preventive-medication
    March 15, 2007 - Cohort studies (ASA: 4 CRA, 7 CRC): 11. Case-control studies (ASA: 7 CRA, 7 CRC): 14. … Note: ASA = aspirin; CRA = colorectal adenoma; CRC = colorectal cancer; RCT = randomized, controlled … Nonexposed: n = 30,020 person-years in CRC study. … Nonexposed: n = 30,020 person-years in CRC study. … Exclusion criteria: History of CRC, FAP, bowel resection excluding appendectomy, IBD, or debilitating

38. Archived: Evidence Summary: Aspirin: Aspirin/NSAIDs for Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-aspirin/aspirin-nsaids-for-prevention-of-colorectal-cancer-preventive-medication-2007
    March 15, 2007 - Cohort studies (ASA: 4 CRA, 7 CRC): 11. Case-control studies (ASA: 7 CRA, 7 CRC): 14. … Note: ASA = aspirin; CRA = colorectal adenoma; CRC = colorectal cancer; RCT = randomized, controlled … Nonexposed: n = 30,020 person-years in CRC study. … Nonexposed: n = 30,020 person-years in CRC study. … Exclusion criteria: History of CRC, FAP, bowel resection excluding appendectomy, IBD, or debilitating

39. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/DYFdTVu-UY3h7CWGdA7Zkh
    July 20, 2021 - or not selected for inclusion based on CRC risk factors. … Included studies needed to report outcomes of CRC incidence, CRC-specific mortality, or all- cause mortality … incidence, CRC mortality, or both. … CRC-specific mortality (IRR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.68-0.80], with 10 to 17 fewer CRC deaths per 100 000 person-years … No. of studies (participants) Rounds (intervals) Follow-up, y CRC incidence CRC mortality Colonoscopy37,47

40. The Use of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pnyU5fxhdBUtCdvJ3GyqzR
    March 01, 2007 - ASA � aspirin; CRA � colorectal adenoma; CRC � colorectal cancer; RCT � randomized, controlled trial. … �15 y 0.58 (0.36–0.93) �15 y 0.72 (0.52–0.99) Women �15 y 0.61 (0.38–0.97) �15 y 0.72 (0.51–1.02) CRC … RR � 0.91 (0.76–1.10) Cohort studies: regular aspirin use (>2–3 d per week for >1 y) and risk for CRC … 0.83) Giovannucci et al., 1995 (54) Table 1 (p. 611) A priori§ Age; sex (women); family history of CRC … study Nonexposed: n � 30 020 person-years in CRC study Good Schreinemachers et al., 1994, U.S. (27