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61. Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/oPmYxryXGu2occANaReagc
    August 01, 2022 - isoniazid with pla- cebo, 2 compared rifampin with isoniazid, and 2 compared rifapen- tine plus isoniazid … Four additional RCTs125-128 that compared isoniazid with pla- cebo that did not meet all eligibility … Rifampin Compared With Isoniazid Two RCTs comparing rifampin with isoniazid were included. … Rifapentine Plus Isoniazid Compared With Isoniazid Alone Two RCTs compared rifapentine plus isoniazid … Rifapentine Compared With Isoniazid Two RCTs reported harms for rifapentine plus isoniazid compared with

62. Evidence Summary: Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/vision-in-children-ages-6-months-to-5-years-screening
    September 05, 2017 - No RCTs compared screening with no screening, and no studies evaluated school performance, function, … the accuracy of 11 screening tests. 78 Phase 2 compared the performance of nurse screeners with that … Two compared patching with no patching (children were pretreated with eyeglasses if indicated in both … No eligible RCTs directly compared screening with no screening. … Characteristics and Results of Studies That Evaluated Screening Earlier Compared With Screening Later

63. Recommendation: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/skin-cancer-screening
    April 18, 2023 - Incidence of melanoma is higher among White persons compared with persons of other races and ethnicities … At the 5-year follow-up, melanoma mortality declined 49% in the screening region compared with surrounding … One fair-quality study (N not reported) compared melanoma mortality between Germany and 22 other European … skin cancer screening program found a higher proportion of melanoma deaths in the unscreened group compared … detection. 24 US-based studies also showed higher melanoma mortality risk at all stages among men compared

64. Recommendation: Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening
    February 02, 2021 - Pooled analyses found that, compared with patients receiving medical therapy alone, 2.0% fewer patients … calculated unadjusted HR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.06-0.65]). 7 , 18 The 2014 review found no studies that compared … CAS with medical therapy. 8 The current review 7 identified 1 trial that compared CAS with best medical … Angioplasty in asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis vs. endarterectomy compared to best medical treatment … benefit in reducing adverse health outcomes, including stroke, myocardial infarction, or mortality, compared

65. Archived: Evidence Summary: Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in Adults: Screening, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/diabetes-mellitus-type-2-in-adults-screening-2003
    February 03, 2003 - No study has compared a screened with a comparable unscreened sample to determine the difference in the … Ten RCTs and three meta-analyses have compared clinical outcomes among diabetic persons treated with … Five of six RCTs that have compared ACE inhibitors or ARBs with other agents in diabetic persons with … One large study of hypertensive diabetic persons showed no benefit of an ACE inhibitor compared with … Nonetheless, the meta-analyses compared results across trials.

66. Recommendation: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening
    August 21, 2018 - The 4 trials that compared screening with hrHPV testing alone vs cytology alone found a consistently … (cytology in combination with hrHPV testing). 2 No trials directly compared screening strategies using … hrHPV Testing Alone vs Conventional Cytology Alone Four RCTs (N > 250,000 women) compared screening … Cotesting vs Cytology Alone Four RCTs (N > 130,000 women) compared screening with cytology alone vs … Female-to-male patients have high prevalence of unsatisfactory Paps compared to non-transgender females

67. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Suicide Risk: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary48/suicide-risk-screening-2004
    May 15, 2004 - The individual operating characteristics of the 3 items were compared with a structured interview for … Bateman and Fonagy compared psychoanalytically oriented partial hospitalization with standard psychiatric … Raj et al. compared the use of 10 weekly sessions of cognitive-behavioral counseling with routine medical … Fourth, the lack of evidence for incremental benefit from a particular intervention compared with standard … Evaluation of out-patient counseling compared with general practitioner care following overdoses.

68. Screening for Syphilis: A Brief Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/USPSTF_Admin/Home/GetFile/1/996/syphilup/pdf
    July 01, 2004 - to TPHA, and 99.4% and 100% compared to the FTA-ABS test. … ELISA showed 100% sensitivity compared to the FTA-ABS test for primary and secondary syphilis, 100% for … This study compared results of clinic RPR and RST tests with standard laboratory RPR and TPHA tests in … A study of the treatment of individuals exposed to a sexual partner with early- stage syphilis compared … Azithromycin compared with penicillin G benzathine for treatment of incubating syphilis.

69. Archived: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-february-2005
    February 15, 2005 - There is, however, a lower prevalence of large AAAs in men who have never smoked compared with men who … Although recent studies have shown a short-term mortality and morbidity benefit of EVAR compared with … Two randomized trials reported that the 30-day mortality rate for EVAR was significantly reduced compared … Those who underwent surgery, compared with those on continued surveillance, had slightly lower Short … Immediate repair compared with surveillance of small abdominal aortic aneurysms.

70. Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/p8bwnFstpfy9KoDSJhT7m5
    February 01, 2005 - There is, however, a lower prevalence of large AAAs in men who have never smoked compared with men who … Although recent studies have shown a short-term mortality and morbidity benefit of EVAR compared with … Two randomized trials reported that the 30-day mortality rate for EVAR was significantly reduced compared … Those who underwent surgery, compared with those receiving continued surveillance, had slightly lower … Immediate repair compared with surveillance of small abdominal aortic aneurysms.

71. Recommendation: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening
    May 18, 2021 - estimated to provide a reasonable balance of life years gained per estimated follow-up colonoscopy compared … When performed alone, direct visualization tests allow for a much longer time between screenings compared … Pooled results from 4 RCTs (n = 458,002) on flexible sigmoidoscopy compared with no screening show a … See modeling report 12 for more information. d Compared with other options for stool-based screening … See modeling report 12 for more information. d Compared with other options for stool-based screening

72. Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KdQef_VDT2kmHDX4ddNWmR
    August 01, 2022 - that persons experiencing homelessness have an 11 times higher incidence of tuberculosis dis- ease compared … the benefits on health outcomes of LTBI-screened popu- lations compared with unscreened populations. … More recent comparative effectiveness trials have compared other treatment regimens with isoniazid alone … The IUAT trial reported on harms of treatment of LTBI with isoniazid compared with placebo.32,37 An … Meta-analysis of 3 trials (n = 7339) that compared isoniazid vs rifampin found a higher pooled RR of

73. Recommendation: Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening
    May 02, 2023 - the benefits on health outcomes of LTBI-screened populations compared with unscreened populations. … More recent comparative effectiveness trials have compared other treatment regimens with isoniazid alone … Two clinical trials (n = 7149) have compared treatment of LTBI with rifapentine plus isoniazid vs isoniazid … The IUAT trial reported on harms of treatment of LTBI with isoniazid compared with placebo. 32 , 37 … Meta-analysis of 3 trials (n = 7339) that compared isoniazid vs rifampin found a higher pooled RR of

74. Recommendation: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening
    January 14, 2025 - in women and 5.7% in men) compared with persons aged 50 to 64 years (13.1% in women and 3.3% in men) … Twenty-one RCTs compared bisphosphonates with placebo. … Five trials compared alendronate with placebo, 2 compared risedronate with placebo, and 3 compared zoledronic … Three studies compared alendronate with placebo, 2 compared risedronate with placebo, and 1 compared … Excess mortality in men compared with women following a hip fracture.

75. Final Evidence Summary: Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary27/screening-depression-suicide-risk-children-adolescents
    October 11, 2022 - Differences in suicide-related outcomes and adverse events for pharmacotherapy when compared with placebo … escitalopram with placebo. 31 , 39 One 3-group trial compared fluoxetine, cognitive behavioral therapy … (CBT), and placebo. 34 One trial compared collaborative care with enhanced usual care. 36 Six studies … First, no studies were available that compared screening with no screening. … Dialectical behavior therapy compared with enhanced usual care for adolescents with repeated suicidal

76. Radiation-Induced Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Death From Mammography Screening (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BMh7ctXLmgRXhC4CVZGJNH
    April 01, 2015 - cancers and 35 deaths per 100,000 women; 95th percentile, 481 cancers and 63 deaths per 100,000 women) compared … For example, compared to annual screening from ages 40 to 74 years, biennial screening from ages 50

77. Radiation-Induced Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Death From Mammography Screening (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFileByID/1932
    April 01, 2015 - cancers and 35 deaths per 100,000 women; 95th percentile, 481 cancers and 63 deaths per 100,000 women) compared … For example, compared to annual screening from ages 40 to 74 years, biennial screening from ages 50

78. Screening for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ghbfx9e3A6jQEqVW26y8Jv
    March 09, 2021 - LDCT with chest radiography (LSS and NLST), and 5 trials in Europe compared LDCT with no screen- ing … The NLST found a reduction in all-cause mortality with LDCT screening compared with chest radiography … b NLST and LSS compared screening with LDCT vs screening with chest radiography. … All other trials compared screening with LDCT with no screening. … Three studies (73 404 partici- pants) compared various approaches to nodule classification (Lung-RADS

79. Evidence Summary: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/prostate-cancer-screening
    May 08, 2018 - Compared with conservative approaches, active treatments for screen-detected prostate cancer have unclear … Three RCTs (n = 2524) 66-68 and 11 cohort studies (n = 8809) 10 , 11 , 69-78 compared harms among men … treated with radical prostatectomy compared with conservative management, and 6 uncontrolled studies … harms among men treated with radiation therapy compared with conservative management, and 1 uncontrolled … No studies compared HIFU with conservative management; only 1 study had a sample size exceeding 1000

80. Archived: Evidence Summary: Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-latent-tuberculosis/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening-september-2016
    September 06, 2016 - No studies evaluated benefits and harms of screening compared with no screening. … placebo (n = 27,830) 97 ; 1 compared rifampin with isoniazid (n = 847)[95]]; and 1 compared rifapentine … Five RCTs were included. 94-98 One compared isoniazid with placebo (n = 27,830) 97 ; 3 compared rifampin … Three studies provided evidence on harms of rifampin as compared with isoniazid. … placebo and an RR of 3.29 compared with rifampin.