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41. Archived: Evidence Summary: Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-screening-for-familial-hypercholesterolemia/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening-july-2016
    August 09, 2016 - 20% to 40%; 1 trial (n = 214) showed a 2.01% decrease in carotid intima-media thickness with statins, compared … In 1 trial (n = 248), ezetimibe with simvastatin resulted in greater LDL-C reductions compared with simvastatin … All trials also showed decreases in TC of 20% to 30% from baseline, compared with placebo. … 2.01% decrease in CIMT after 104 weeks (absolute difference, −0.010 mm [95% CI, −0.019 to −0.001]), compared … published literature identified 1 additional statin study. 29 This 12-week placebo-controlled RCT compared

42. Final Recommendation Statement: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/cervical-cancer-screening
    August 21, 2018 - The 4 trials that compared screening with hrHPV testing alone vs cytology alone found a consistently … (cytology in combination with hrHPV testing). 2 No trials directly compared screening strategies using … hrHPV Testing Alone vs Conventional Cytology Alone Four RCTs (N > 250,000 women) compared screening … Cotesting vs Cytology Alone Four RCTs (N > 130,000 women) compared screening with cytology alone vs … Female-to-male patients have high prevalence of unsatisfactory Paps compared to non-transgender females

43. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Syphilis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review93/syphilis-infection-screening-2004
    July 15, 2004 - to TPHA, and 99.4 percent and 100 percent compared to the FTA-ABS test. … ELISA showed 100 percent sensitivity compared to the FTA-ABS test for primary and secondary syphilis, … This study compared results of clinic RPR and RST tests with standard laboratory RPR and TPHA tests in … RCT 32 and a study conducted outside the U.S. 33 compared azithromycin and penicillin treatments in … Azithromycin compared with penicillin G benzathine for treatment of incubating syphilis.

44. Screening for Syphilis: A Brief Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8L5g-QzXLDnUofBUE457DN
    July 01, 2004 - to TPHA, and 99.4% and 100% compared to the FTA-ABS test. … ELISA showed 100% sensitivity compared to the FTA-ABS test for primary and secondary syphilis, 100% for … This study compared results of clinic RPR and RST tests with standard laboratory RPR and TPHA tests in … A study of the treatment of individuals exposed to a sexual partner with early- stage syphilis compared … Azithromycin compared with penicillin G benzathine for treatment of incubating syphilis.

45. Archived: Lung Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - , 9 Sputum cytology is an even less effective screening test, largely due to its low sensitivity compared … had a larger proportion of resectable tumors, but mortality for lung cancer remained the same when compared … advised to obtain annual testing. 17 No prospective randomized study with adequate follow-up time has compared … A case-control study in Japan compared the screening histories of 273 fatal cases of lung cancer to 1,269 … months with advice to receive the same tests annually, examined the benefit of frequent dual screening compared

46. Evidence Summary: Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/syphilis-infection-in-pregnancy-screening
    May 13, 2025 - pregnant adolescents and adults, screened using US Food and Drug Administration–approved tests that compared … different 2-step serologic screening algorithms or compared single tests with a 2-step algorithm. … ranged between 0% and 65%, varying by the index test evaluated and to which algorithm the index test was compared … by treponemal test) reported a false-positive rate of 31% (11/35) for the initial nontreponemal test compared … studies demonstrate an association between fewer adverse outcomes in pregnant women treated for syphilis compared

47. Draft Research Plan: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening-adults
    October 12, 2023 - *Active surveillance and watchful waiting are typically compared … effect of using a prebiopsy prostate cancer risk calculator or MRI on prostate cancer biopsy rates compared … cancer risk calculator or MRI on prostate cancer morbidity and mortality, quality of life, and function compared … early-stage cancer (90% to 96% of cancers detected). ‡ Active surveillance and watchful waiting are typically compared

48. Evidence Summary: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary14/lung-cancer-screening
    March 09, 2021 - LDCT with chest radiography (LSS and NLST), and 5 trials in Europe compared LDCT with no screening ( … Compared with the prior systematic review conducted for the USPSTF, 38 , 39 longer follow-up or more … The NLST found a reduction in all-cause mortality with LDCT screening compared with chest radiography … Three studies (73,404 participants) compared various approaches to nodule classification (Lung-RADS or … All other trials compared screening with LDCT with no screening.

49. Draft Recommendation: Intimate Partner Violence and Caregiver Abuse of Older or Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/intimate-partner-violence-abuse-older-vulnerable-adults
    October 29, 2024 - violence (32.5%), and adverse health and social consequences associated with experiencing IPV (87%) compared … disability, are more likely to experience violent victimization and maltreatment regardless of age compared … In one study, IPV victimization was lower in the intervention group (7.50 events per person-year) compared … Three studies (n=3,759) compared screening with no screening for IPV and found no benefit when screening … Five trials reported on specific categories of IPV. 1 Generally, compared with studies enrolling pregnant

50. Evidence Summary: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening
    December 10, 2019 - screening was associated with significantly more procedures over 4 to 15 years in the invited group compared … No trial-level evidence examined the effectiveness of 1-time screening plus rescreening compared with … Immediate repair compared with surveillance of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. … Endovascular repair compared with surveillance for patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysms. … Long-term outcomes of immediate repair compared with surveillance of small abdominal aortic aneurysms

51. Evidence Summary: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-screening
    September 19, 2023 - study (n = 2441) evaluated proteinuria screening conducted only for specific clinical indications, compared … with White persons (29.7 compared with 12.7 per 100,000 live births in 2007-2016). 7 , 11 , 19 In … , n = 2521), prenatal care schedules with less frequent office visits compared with the usual number … No differences in anxiety or depression were identified between groups receiving standard compared with … We identified 1 fair-quality single nonrandomized study that compared a historical control group with

52. Final Research Plan: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening-adults
    December 21, 2023 - *Active surveillance and watchful waiting are typically compared … calculator or MRI in combination with a positive PSA-based screening test on prostate cancer biopsy rates compared … PSA-based screening test on prostate cancer morbidity and mortality, quality of life, and function compared … ‡Active surveillance and watchful waiting are typically compared to more active treatments in trials.

53. Final Recommendation Statement: Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction
    September 03, 2019 - at some point in their lifetime. 2 African American women are more likely to die of breast cancer compared … Risk-Reducing Medications A systematic review of trials conducted for the USPSTF found that compared … However, the large Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) trial, which directly compared tamoxifen … with placebo or no treatment. 12 Another study that compared anastrozole with tamoxifen in treating … . 11 , 87 The meta-analysis that evaluated extended use of aromatase inhibitors compared with placebo

54. Recommendation: Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction
    September 03, 2019 - Risk-Reducing Medications A systematic review of trials conducted for the USPSTF found that compared … However, the large Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) trial, which directly compared tamoxifen … Based on the STAR trial, more harms were reported with tamoxifen compared with raloxifene: 4 more cases … with placebo or no treatment. 12 Another study that compared anastrozole with tamoxifen in treating … . 11 , 87 The meta-analysis that evaluated extended use of aromatase inhibitors compared with placebo

55. JAMA (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4_pXjq7Egjwb_vjZZT-NGB
    May 01, 2021 - study (n = 2441) evaluated proteinuria screening conducted only for specific clinical indications, compared … with White persons (29.7 compared with 12.7 per 100 000 live births in 2007-2016).7,11,19 In 2017, … The studies compared usual screening with strategies involving home bloodpressuremeasurement(2studies … ,n = 2521),prenatalcaresched- ules with less frequent office visits compared with the usual number (3 … We identified 3 fair-quality RCTs (n = 5203) that compared dif- ferent prenatal visit schedules among

56. Screening Adults for Bladder Cancer: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/L5UwXoftg4JHw4buVDhjUT
    October 01, 2010 - randomized trials and controlled observational studies on clinical outcomes associated with treatment compared … high-quality controlled observational studies evaluated clinical outcomes associated with screening compared … with no screening or treatment of screen- detected bladder cancer compared with no treatment. … No study evaluated harms associated with treatment of screen-detected bladder cancer compared with no … Only 1 study provided data to calculate the diagnostic ac- curacy of the NMP22 compared with cystoscopy

57. Archived: Evidence Summary: Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/folic-acid-for-the-prevention-of-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication-january-2017
    January 10, 2017 - d Compared with trace-element supplement. … f Compared with no supplementation. … e Compared with no supplementation. … h Compared with malformations other than NTDs or "other major malformations." … i Compared with no or very little use. Return to Table of Contents Table 3.

58. Does Counseling by Clinicians Improve Physical Activity? A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MeDkbyweVDHdpNgerFahn4
    January 01, 2010 - patients who reported receiving clinician advice also reported increasing physical activity levels, compared … an intervention with usual care and those that compared 2 interventions. … with rate (432) at 4 years compared with 388 for control 44% of control patients. … increased self-reported physical activity compared with women in the assistance group. … For assistance compared with advice, the difference in Vo2max was 80.7 mL/min (99.2% CI, 8.1 to 153.2

59. Evidence Summary: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
    April 17, 2018 - Compared with placebo, supplementation with vitamin D decreased total fracture incidence (1 RCT [n = … For vitamin D combined with calcium compared with placebo, the WHI CaD trial reported 2102 fractures … For vitamin D alone compared with placebo, the pooled ARD was −0.74% (95% CI, −1.80% to 0.32%; I 2 … For calcium alone compared with placebo, only 1 study was eligible, and it compared 600-mg or 1200-mg … e Reflects effect estimates of the 600-mg or 1200-mg calcium dose compared with placebo.

60. Final Evidence Summary: Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hepatitis-c-screening
    March 02, 2020 - An SVR after antiviral therapy was associated with improved clinical outcomes compared with no SVR. … No study compared harms of HCV screening vs no screening. … trials (reported in 1 publication) compared a current vs older DAA regimen. 15 The other treatment … Few studies compared DAA interventions with placebo or older interventions (eTable 5 in the Supplement … Research studies of DAA therapy could overestimate SVR rates compared with typical clinical practice.