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201. Evidence Summary: Pregnant Women: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-pregnant-women1/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening
     June 11, 2019 - Studies that compared associations with currently recommended 7 full-course (initiated in first or early … of 3 or more antiretroviral drugs was associated with decreased risk of mother-to-child transmission compared … significant association between ART exposure during the first trimester on cardiovascular anomalies compared … Triple antiretroviral compared with zidovudine and single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis during pregnancy … A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of combined nevirapine and zidovudine compared with

202. Recommendation: Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/screening-depression-suicide-risk-children-adolescents
     October 11, 2022 - several screening tools for suicide risk have been developed, the accuracy of these screening tools compared … Pooled estimates demonstrated that psychotherapy, compared with wait-list controls, treatment as usual … There were no statistically significant differences for other measures. 1 , 2 Pharmacotherapy, compared … was found (pooled mean difference, −2.35 [95% CI, −4.06 to −0.65]; n = 644; 4 trials; I 2 = 46%), compared … Two RCTs (n = 2675) compared short-term distress from screening for suicide risk and reported no significant

203. Recommendation: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-screening
     September 19, 2023 - Approximately two-thirds of Black persons with preeclampsia are diagnosed with having severe symptoms, compared … . 1 , 18 Pregnancy-related mortality among Native American/Alaska Native persons is also elevated compared … Native American/Alaska Native individuals have significantly higher severe maternal morbidity rates compared … . 1 , 38 , 41-43 The trials evaluated the effects of a reduced prenatal care schedule (6-9 visits) compared … Indicated urine screening was associated with reduced risk of preterm delivery (4.9%) compared with more

204. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Z6Rfj-qwfoMbuLp-hBmhzS
     May 01, 2021 - No study directly compared screening with no screening. … Compared with inactive control, positive airway pressure was associated with a significant improvement … tablet,76 2 compared MADs with no treatment,123,129 and 1 compared a MAD with conservative management … compared with 0% to 17% in the sham group, no-treatment group, or conservative management group. … Improvement of mild sleep-disordered breathing with CPAP compared with conservative therapy.

205. JAMA (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/eko8Cp28pZ3SHHfyvTXJW5
     May 13, 2025 - between 0% and 65%, varying by the in- dex test evaluated and to which algorithm the index test was compared … studies demonstrate an association between fewer adverse outcomes in pregnant women treated for syphilis compared … test) reported a false-positive rate of 31% (11/35) for the initial nontreponemal test compared with

206. Recommendation: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening
     February 25, 2020 - instruments, test accuracy (ie, sensitivity and specificity) was generally higher to detect dementia compared … In pooled analyses, the differences in changes between patients taking AChEIs or memantine compared with … 40 assessed whether a care coordination intervention reduced unmet care needs related to dementia compared … Memantine was better tolerated, with no increase in adverse events or withdrawal rates compared with … Harms were not clearly significantly increased in intervention groups compared with control groups.[[

207. Collaborative Modeling to Compare Different Breast Cancer Screening Strategies: A Decision Analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZSVRTLv938Gtr5au4-6eYL
     September 01, 2024 - Findings Six validated CISNET models found that, compared with no screening, biennial mammography screening … Screening Strategies We compared model results for 36 mammography screening sce- narios that varied by … breast cancer deaths averted, and life-years gained (LYG) over the lifetimes of 1000 women screened compared … Compared with biennial screen- ing with DBT from ages 50 to 74 years, starting at age 40 averted 1.3 … Compared with our 2016 analysis,10 the predicted benefit-to- harm ratios with biennial strategies starting

208. Evidence Summary: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening
     July 18, 2023 - associated with an 81- to 82-mg/dL greater mean reduction in levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C compared … counseling trials (n = 934) demonstrated 3- to 6-mg/dL greater reductions in total cholesterol levels compared … 40.1 mg/dL [95% CI, −51.1 to −29.2]) and LDL-C (MD in change, −37.5 mg/dL [95% CI, −48.0 to −27.0]) compared … no difference in new diabetes diagnoses over up to 9 years’ follow-up in individuals taking statins compared … Markers of atherosclerosis are evident as early as age 8 years in children with FH compared with unaffected

209. Recommendation: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening
     December 10, 2019 - , such as major surgical complications and hospital readmission, after elective open repair or EVAR compared … However, there was a reduction in rupture rate with early open surgery compared with surveillance for … Although evidence shows that women who smoke or have a family history are at increased risk for AAA compared … Immediate repair compared with surveillance of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. … Endovascular repair compared with surveillance for patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysms.

210. Evidence Summary: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary19/colorectal-cancer-screening
     May 18, 2021 - Based on 3 studies 111 , 128 , 138 (n = 2290) that compared colonoscopy to a reference standard of CT … Findings were inconsistent in 2 studies that reported test accuracy for White participants compared with … Population based randomized study of uptake and yield of screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy compared … Screening for colorectal neoplasia with faecal occult blood testing compared with flexible sigmoidoscopy … Test characteristics of faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) compared with optical colonoscopy.

211. Screening for Hypertension in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/QaNSteuunshjz-kHPxVvAN
     April 27, 2021 - annual cardiovascular-related hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in the intervention group compared … There were 3.02 fewer annual hospital admissions for CVD per 1000 persons in the intervention group compared … What is the accuracy of OBPM during a single en- counter as initial screening for hypertension compared … .70 The resulting sensitivity for the OPBM threshold of 130/80 mm Hg or greater compared with the 130 … Truncated ABPM One study (n = 263) reported the accuracy of a truncated (6-hour) ABPM compared with a

212. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/g2bEcQW6ae_NTFZ9KUxT_t
     August 24, 2021 - Based on data suggesting that the incidence of diabetes increases at age 35 years compared with younger … Neither trial found a reduction in all-cause or type-specific mortality with screening compared with … Effect of Interventions for Prediabetes on Progression to Diabetes Twenty-three trials compared lifestyle … The DPP (n = 2155) reported greater decreases in weight for persons receiving metformin compared with … Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment

213. Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Final Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LNtA2SDWjpsDwjXvsH4F5m
     April 17, 2023 - Approximately two-thirds of Black persons with preeclampsia are diagnosed with having severe symptoms, compared … births).1,18 Pregnancy-related mortality among Native American/Alaska Native persons is also elevated compared … Native American/Alaska Native individuals have sig- nificantly higher severe maternal morbidity rates compared … Indi- cated urine screening was associated with reduced risk of preterm delivery (4.9%) compared with … of prenatal visits during the second half of preg- nancy plus weekly home blood pressure screening compared

214. Recommendation: Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/screening-anxiety-children-adolescents
     October 11, 2022 - ). 15 Previous studies suggested that Black youth may have lower rates of mental health disorders compared … The 2016 NSCH also found that anxiety conditions were more common in non-Hispanic White children compared … CI, 1.48 to 4.88]; n = 321; 4 trials; I 2 = 48%), and loss of diagnosis (RR range, 3.02 to 3.09), compared … The evidence on pharmacotherapy compared with placebo was associated with an increased improvement in … screening for anxiety among children and adolescents in primary care settings (or similar settings) compared

215. Archived: Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women and Young Children: Screening and Supplementation, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/iron-deficiency-anemia-pregnant-women-young-children-screening-supplementation-1996
     January 01, 1996 - study found the capillary microhematocrit to have a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 44% when compared … fatigue, or other symptoms, but they were significantly more likely to report low work productivity compared … A large (n = 601), retrospective cohort study from Kenya compared women with severe anemia (hemoglobin … received iron therapy before 30 weeks also had lower preterm delivery and perinatal mortality rates compared … Compared to other diagnostic tests, serum ferritin has the best sensitivity and specificity for detecting

216. Ztmgupsekcuuupvpegum45 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZTMgupsEkCUuuPVpeGUm45
     September 01, 2013 - received triple therapy consisting of pegylated interferon, ribavirin, and boceprevir or telaprevir compared … as ane- mia; neutropenia; and thrombocytopenia, particularly with boceprevir) and rash (telaprevir) compared … The USPSTF found more than 100 studies (including 8 of good quality) that compared various noninvasive … Five studies compared screening ap- proaches to determine the relative yield of the different strategies … Sustained virologic response rates ranged from 60% to 92% (genotype 1) with triple therapy compared with

217. Modeling Study: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-modeling-study18/colorectal-cancer-screening
     May 18, 2021 - Strategies were compared by plotting their estimated LYG (relative to no screening) on the horizontal … Compared with no screening, all colorectal cancer screening strategies were estimated to yield substantial … For example, compared with annual FIT from ages 45 to 85, screening with biennials DNA-FIT from ages … Findings by Race and Sex Compared with the total population, model-estimated life expectancy among … , the model-estimated lifetime number of diagnosed colorectal cancer cases was higher for White men compared

218. Evaluation of the Benefits and Harms of Lung Cancer Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Modeling Study for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TVsn4SVh_jtaeqSTyrz-Gp
     March 09, 2021 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Estimated lung cancer deaths averted and life-years gained (benefits) compared … Annual strategies with a minimum criterion of 20 pack-years of smoking were efficient and, compared with … Risk Factor–Based Strategies Compared with no screening, risk factor–based screening strate- gies were … The top of Figure 3 shows the mean number of LDCT screenings (across CISNET models) compared with the … in the bottom of Figure 3 compared with the number of deaths averted (left) and life-years gained (right

219. Recommendation: Prevention of Acquisition of HIV: Preexposure Prophylaxis | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis
     August 22, 2023 - positive test result. 15 , 32 Benefits of Preventive Medication The USPSTF found 17 trials that compared … Twelve trials compared TDF/FTC or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate alone with placebo, 2 trials compared … the dapivirine vaginal ring with placebo, 1 trial compared TAF/FTC with TDF/FTC, and 2 trials compared … One trial, DISCOVER (n = 5387), compared PrEP with oral TAF/FTC vs TDF/FTC. … Cabotegravir was associated with increased weight gain compared with TDF/FTC (mean differences, 0.86

220. Archived: Screening for Depression in Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/depression-in-adults-screening
     January 26, 2016 - One study in general adults directly compared screening with usual care case-finding, 9 while the other … None of the trials simply compared usual care with screening plus usual care. … Trials in postpartum women showed 28% to 59% reductions in risk of depression at follow-up compared with … point or greater reduction in 9-item PHQ score (an improvement considered to be clinically important) compared … The 2009 USPSTF review found 7 studies that compared suicide-related events in adults who received SSRIs