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141. Draft Recommendation: Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/syphilis-infection-pregnant-persons
     November 19, 2024 - Native American/Alaska Native mothers in 2021 were up to 8 times more likely to have congenital syphilis compared … fewer adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant persons screened and treated for syphilis infection compared … and neonatal death was dramatically reduced in pregnant persons treated for syphilis during pregnancy compared … and ranged from 7% to 26%. 28-29 , 31 One additional study evaluated use of a syphilis immunoassay compared … Together, these reported false-positive rates reflect results after a single step of testing, compared

142. Final Research Plan: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/cervical-cancer-screening
     October 29, 2015 - a primary screening strategy for reducing cervical cancer mortality (KQ 1.0) and incidence (KQ 1.1) compared … potential adverse effects of HPV testing, with or without cytology, as a primary screening strategy compared … What is the accuracy of and relative adherence to self-collected HPV specimens compared with clinically-collected

143. Recommendation: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/prostate-cancer-screening
     May 08, 2018 - trials of screening suggests there may be greater mortality benefit from screening every other year compared … Although it is possible that screening may offer greater benefits for African American men compared with … Although it is possible that screening may offer additional potential benefits for these men compared … In the active surveillance group, 6.0% of men developed metastatic cancer, compared with 2.7% and 2.3% … The SPCG-4 trial compared radical prostatectomy with watchful waiting (a passive protocol dissimilar

144. Medication Use to Reduce Risk of Breast Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3Kwu7j_WfCFQSnSzqrDWwt
     June 20, 2019 - African American women are more likely to die of breast cancer compared with women of other races. … Risk-Reducing Medications A systematic review of trials conducted for the USPSTF found that compared … However, the large Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) trial, which directly compared ta- moxifen … with pla- cebo or no treatment.12 Another study that compared anastrozole with tamoxifen in treating … Compared with tamoxifen (which reduces risk of fractures), more fractures were seen with aro- matase

145. Archived: Genital Herpes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/genital-herpes-screening-2005
     March 15, 2005 - annually, those taking antiviral therapy had a significantly longer delay in the time to first recurrence compared … showed that the relative risk for subclinical viral shedding was lower in women who received acyclovir compared … gestation and found that 6 percent of patients treated with acyclovir had clinical HSV at delivery compared … of patients treated with placebo. 19 No patients in the acyclovir group had positive HSV cultures, compared … more cost-effective interventions (at a cost of $363,000 per case of neonatal infection prevented) compared

146. Screening and Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MZB7xxWHfLHtcdT9uUHsrp
     April 01, 2009 - Also needed are studies to examine collaborative care management approaches compared with usual clinical … disorders have increased health care costs (including general medical care and mental health care) compared … , sertraline) com- pared with placebo, 10 different group or individually delivered psychotherapies compared … and receiving weekly clinical monitoring.2 Nearly 3 of 4 patients re- sponded to combined therapy, compared … rate ratio between users and non- users was 2.9% (95% CI: 2.8–3.1) in the 5- to 14-year age group compared

147. Recommendation: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening
     July 18, 2023 - ratio (HR) of 4.1 (95% CI, 1.2-13.4) for cardiovascular disease events over 30 years of follow-up, compared … for an individual with an LDL-C level of 190 to 220 mg/dL or greater but without a genetic variant (compared … in total cholesterol and LDL-C levels and improvements in dietary intake in the intervention group compared … difference in new diabetes diagnoses over up to 9 years of follow-up in individuals taking statins compared … adulthood was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.64 (95% CI, 1.27-2.11) for coronary heart disease compared

148. Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8uE22djVfm8hF8wNg7wWYn
     May 01, 2021 - 1999 to 2010, pregnant persons who were food insecure had lower mean iron in- take from supplements compared … and preeclampsia (adjusted OR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.16-1.76] and 1.45 [95% CI, 1.26-1.67], respectively) compared … significant differ- ences on rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with iron supplementation compared … CI, 0.67-1.31]; I2 = 75.5%).1,17 A pooled analysis reported few differences between supplementation compared … sepa- rate trial (n = 111), nonadherence to iron therapy was lower in adults taking supplementation compared

149. Archived: Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in Adults: Screening, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/diabetes-mellitus-type-2-in-adults-screening-2003
     February 04, 2003 - Compared with the FPG test, the 2‐hour PG test may lead to more individuals being diagnosed as diabetic … A study using NHANES III data demonstrated that, compared with FPG, the 2‐hour PG as a screening test … has been conducted to establish whether systematic screening for diabetes improves health outcomes compared … during the preclinical period between screening and clinical detection (when glucose levels are lower compared … Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and

150. Final Recommendation Statement: Skin Cancer Prevention: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/skin-cancer-counseling
     March 20, 2018 - that addressed sun protection behavior composite scores in adults found an increase in such behaviors compared … using an appearance-focused intervention among young female adults noted a significant improvement compared … Overall, melanoma risk was reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group and was … most pronounced for invasive melanoma compared with in situ melanoma. 34 A large US case-control study … also demonstrated a lower likelihood of melanoma in persons routinely using sunscreen compared with

151. Screening for Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/k-btyK4W2-v9KnemTK8WDx
     September 14, 2021 - Chlamydia screening compared with no screening was significantly associated with reduced risk of pelvic … good-quality cluster randomized trial that evaluated the effectiveness of screening for chlamydia compared … No study compared clinician- and self- collected testing for chlamydial or gonorrhea infections at other … False-positive rates in studies that compared self-collected and clinician-collected samples ranged … gonorrhea diagnosis were both highly sensitive,29,34,37 but no studies meeting inclusion criteria compared

152. Recommendation: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening
     March 09, 2021 - Three retrospective studies compared how various approaches for nodule classification would alter the … The CISNET modeling studies commissioned by the USPSTF thus compared the benefits and harms of screening … Currently, there are no studies that have prospectively compared the use of USPSTF criteria considering … Several studies suggest that, compared with no screening, individuals who receive LDCT screening do not … Patients with localized disease have a 59% 5-year survival rate, compared with 32% for those with regional

153. Vision Screening in Children Aged 6Months to 5 Years: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/wyAJqjxBX_dHMF3WdA7WNt
     September 05, 2017 - Phase 2 of the study compared screening performed by nurses vs lay staff and focused on 4 of the 11 … Two trials compared patching vs no patching (children were pre­ treated with eyeglasses if indicated … in both groups).1,38,39 One trial compared patching plus eyeglasses vs eyeglasses alone vs no treatment … One trial compared patching (n = 87) vs no patch­ ing (n = 93) and found that worsening visual acuity … Preschool vision screening tests administered by nurse screeners compared with lay screeners in the

154. Archived: Aspirin Prophylaxis in Pregnancy: Preventive Medication, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/aspirin-prophylaxis-pregnancy-1996
     January 01, 1996 - due to endothelial dysfunction caused by the systemic effects of decreased placental blood flow. 8 Compared … relative excess of thromboxane A 2 (a platelet-derived vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregation promoter) compared … Compared with the placebo group, the group receiving aspirin experienced a statistically significant … The treated group had a 26% reduction in the incidence of preeclampsia compared with the placebo group … no difference in incidence of IUGR between those who were randomized to receive aspirin prophylaxis compared

155. Archived: Depression in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/depression-in-children-and-adolescents-screening
     February 08, 2016 - One study recruited adolescents from a primary care setting and compared the PHQ-A with a full diagnostic … SSRIs One good-quality study ( n = 221) compared fluoxetine with placebo in adolescents aged 12 to … 17 years. 10-12 Two fair-quality studies ( n = 268 and 316) compared escitalopram with placebo in … Psychotherapy Two studies evaluated the benefits of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) compared with … SSRIs Combined With Psychotherapy One CBT study also compared CBT plus fluoxetine with placebo. 10

156. Archived: Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/speech-and-language-delay-in-preschool-children-screening-2006
     February 15, 2006 - Few studies compared the performance of ≥ 2 tests, compared a single screening technique across different … However, one good-quality RCT compared 12 months of a clinician-directed speech and language intervention … improvements in the speech and language skills of the 3-to-5-year-olds who had received interventions compared … Assessing the effect of earlier compared with later interventions on a broad range of health, educational … Two Language Screening Tests Compared with Developmental Sentence Scoring.

157. Archived: Physical Activity: Behavior Counseling in Primary Care, July 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/physical-activity-behavioral-counseling-primary-care-2002
     July 01, 2002 - There were no completed trials with children or adolescents that compared counseling with usual care … insufficient evidence regarding the potential harms of various activity protocols, such as moderate compared … The six trials of fair to good quality that compared physical activity counseling protocols to usual … Two fair to good quality randomized trials compared two or more different interventions aimed at increasing … studies examining the effectiveness of physical activity counseling for children or adolescents that compared

158. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review11/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-in-adults-screening-2008
     July 15, 2008 - 0.37 [CI, 0.10 to 1.36]). 3 Nonpregnant Women We found 1 good-quality RCT of treatment that compared … Patients in the placebo group averaged 34 days of antibiotic use per 1000 days of follow-up, compared … samples showed bacteriuria, yielding a sensitivity of 60.7% and negative predictive value of 90.8% compared … A 2005 Canadian study conducted in outpatient clinics at an urban teaching hospital compared the diagnostic … UTI Patients in the placebo group averaged 34 d of antibiotic use per 1000 d of follow-up, compared

159. Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Younger than Age 5 Years - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/thMRXgCVQmNUsYo6dmXEc3
     May 01, 2004 - strabismus, amblyopia, and refractive error in children with these conditions; that more intensive screening compared … The USPSTF found no direct evidence that screening for visual impairment, compared with no screening, … However, the USPSTF found 1 fair quality study showing that intense screening by eye professionals (compared … letters by an eye professional) led to decreased prevalence of amblyopia and improved visual acuity compared … Compared with the group screened once at age 37 months, the intensively screened group had a significantly

160. Recommendation: Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/screening-for-prediabetes-and-type-2-diabetes
     August 24, 2021 - Based on data suggesting that the incidence of diabetes increases at age 35 years compared with younger … Neither trial found a reduction in all-cause or type-specific mortality with screening compared with … Effect of Interventions for Prediabetes on Progression to Diabetes Twenty-three trials compared lifestyle … The DPP (n = 2155) reported greater decreases in weight for persons receiving metformin compared with … Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and