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Showing results for "clinical judgment".

1. McCullough (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/mccullough.pdf
   January 01, 2011 - must be made  Evidence-­‐based and values-­‐based judgments about clinical benefits and risks and …  their balancing Slide  9: General Candor-­‐Based Considerations • Clinical judgments about medical … judgment • Such clinical management carries disease-­‐related risks  (from ineffectively managed … of evidence is not automatically  ruled out in beneficence-­‐based clinical judgment as medically … (p. 32-­‐ 33) Slide  12: Clinical Challenges (2) • Acknowledge the patient’s right to make own judgments

2. Dia 1 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ijzerman_ahrq-webinar-mcda.pdf
   January 01, 2011 -  Primary endpoints chosen in clinical trials may not be the most relevant endpoints for patients … Conjoint analysis methods  Helps to improve judgment  Decomposed  Hierarchical  Low cognitive …  Possible to use in N=1 or as consensus building tool (group-decision)  Imitates consumers’ judgment …  Preference data is to be used in conjunction with clinical data. … They can not replace the original clinical evidence. 18

3. Disclosure Policy and Form (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/epc-disclosure-policy-form.pdf
   March 01, 2023 - defines conflict of interest (COI) as “a set of circumstances that creates a risk that professional judgment … While both financial and non-financial interests may influence the judgment of an individual synthesizing … Do you have a primary clinical specialty or subspecialty? 9. … While both financial and non-financial interests may influence the judgment of an individual synthesizing … Do you have a primary clinical specialty or        subspecialty? 9.

4. Assessing Applicability (ppt file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/assessing-applicability.ppt
   January 01, 2009 - and report judgments about major limitations to the applicability of individual studies. … Make Judgments About the Applicability of Individual Studies Make Judgments About the Applicability … Finally, given the information on the PICOS domains, the judgment that this is an efficacy trial is made … Judgments about applicability of the evidence should consider the entire body of studies. … Judgments about applicability of the evidence should consider the entire body of studies.

5. Assessing Applicability (ppt file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/assessing-applicability.ppt
   January 01, 2009 - Make and Report Judgments About Major Limitations to the Applicability of Individual Studies Make judgments … and report judgments about major limitations to the applicability of individual studies. … Finally, given the information on the PICOS domains, the judgment that this is an efficacy trial is made … Judgments about applicability of the evidence should consider the entire body of studies. … Judgments about applicability of the evidence should consider the entire body of studies.

6. GRADING THE STRENGTH OF A BODY OF EVIDENCE (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-grading-strength_methods.pdf
   July 01, 2009 - Nonoverlapping confidence intervals, significant unexplained clinical or statistical heterogeneity, … reviewer’s individual judgments about domains as background documentation. … level of confidence the authors place in the estimate of effect for the benefit or harm (i.e., their judgment … degree to which the overall strength of evidence is altered by additional domains that are used is a judgment … Clinical epidemiology: how to do clinical practice research.

7. Assessing Applicability: Interactive Case Study Quiz (ppt file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/assessing-applicability-quiz.ppt
   October 08, 2025 - The adverse events seen in the intervention groups would likely be lower than in the clinical setting … The benefits seen in the intervention groups would likely be lower than in the clinical setting. … In step 2, judgments about whether a trial is an effectiveness or efficacy trial are made, and components … In step 2, judgments about whether a trial is an effectiveness or efficacy trial are made, and components … In step 2, judgments about whether a trial is an effectiveness or efficacy trial are made, and components

8. Assessing Applicability: Interactive Case Study Quiz (ppt file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/assessing-applicability-quiz.ppt
   October 08, 2025 - The adverse events seen in the intervention groups would likely be lower than in the clinical setting … The benefits seen in the intervention groups would likely be lower than in the clinical setting. … In step 2, judgments about whether a trial is an effectiveness or efficacy trial are made, and components … In step 2, judgments about whether a trial is an effectiveness or efficacy trial are made, and components … In step 2, judgments about whether a trial is an effectiveness or efficacy trial are made, and components

9. Assessing-The-Risk-Of-Bias-In-Systematic-Reviews-Of-Health-Care-Interventions (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/assessing-the-risk-of-bias-in-systematic-reviews-of-health-care-interventions-01_0.pdf
   May 01, 2005 - This report is not intended to be a substitute for the application of clinical judgment. … We presented standards to promote transparency of judgments. … A risk-of-bias assessment offers a qualitative judgment of likelihood of bias. 2. “Inaccuracy.” … Resolve differences in judgment and record final rating for each outcome 4. … All three of these are subjective judgments.

10. Assessing-The-Risk-Of-Bias-In-Systematic-Reviews-Of-Health-Care-Interventions (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/assessing-the-risk-of-bias-in-systematic-reviews-of-health-care-interventions-01.pdf
    May 01, 2005 - This report is not intended to be a substitute for the application of clinical judgment. … We presented standards to promote transparency of judgments. … A risk-of-bias assessment offers a qualitative judgment of likelihood of bias. 2. “Inaccuracy.” … Resolve differences in judgment and record final rating for each outcome 4. … All three of these are subjective judgments.

11. Methods Guide Atkins (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methods_guide_atkins.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - • Judgments about applicability of the evidence should consider the entire body of studies. … Reviewers must instead exercise judgment to select a subset of the most important study parameters for … Although this step involves judgment, such judgments can be made more explicit by considering how different … Practical clinical trials: increasing the value of clinical research for decision making in clinical … Example evidence table of individual studies with key applicability factors abstracted and judgment

12. Methods-Guidance-Applicability Methods (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-applicability_methods.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - • Judgments about applicability of the evidence should consider the entire body of studies. … Reviewers must instead exercise judgment to select a subset of the most important study parameters for … Although this step involves judgment, such judgments can be made more explicit by considering how different … Practical clinical trials: increasing the value of clinical research for decision making in clinical … Example evidence table of individual studies with key applicability factors abstracted and judgment

13. White Paper: Narratively Describing Effects of Interventions in Systematic Reviews (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/white-paper-roadmap-interventions.pdf
    November 01, 2020 - This report is not intended to be a substitute for the application of clinical judgment. … The term clinical importance is appropriate in systematic reviews about clinical topics. … Strength or certainty of evidence: a global judgment about the certainty in estimates across five domains … For example, the size of an effect can affect the judgment about clinical importance. … Judgments about the clinical importance and size constructs are needed to determine the precision and

14. Integrating stakeholder preferences in comparative effectiveness research using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and Conjoint Analysis (CA) (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/mcda-ijzerman.pdf
    January 01, 2011 -  Primary endpoints chosen in clinical trials may not be the most relevant endpoints for patients … AHP)  Helps to improve judgment  Decomposed  Hierarchical  Low cognitive stress  Less realistic … use in N=1 or as consensus building tool (group-decision) CA methods  Imitates consumers’ judgment …  Preference data is to be used in conjunction with clinical data. … They cannot replace the original clinical evidence.

15. GRADING THE STRENGTH OF A BODY OF EVIDENCE (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-grading-evidence_methods.pdf
    November 01, 2013 - This report is not intended to be a substitute for the application of clinical judgment. … The goal of strength of evidence assessments is to provide clearly explained, well-reasoned judgments … They expect that end-users can and will make their own global summary judgments of relative benefits … When meta-analysis results are unavailable, EPCs will need to rely on the reviewers’ judgment. … Clinical Epidemiology: How to Do Clinical Practice Research.

16. Nursing-Staff-Shortages-Rapid-Research-Appendix-C (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/nursing-staff-shortages-rapid-research-appendix-c.xlsx
    January 01, 2024 - Do preceptorship and clinical supervision programmes support the retention of nurses? … judgment to assign patient's acuity. … judgment to assign the patient’s acuity. … Author, Year Risk of Bias Judgment: Confounding Risk of Bias Judgment: Selection Risk of Bias Judgment … of Bias Judgment: Missing Data Risk of Bias Judgment: Measurement of Outcomes Risk of Bias Judgment:

17. Assessing the Quality of Individual Studies (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/assessing-quality.ppt
    January 01, 2010 - Arrive at a summary judgment of the study’s quality to rate studies good, fair, or poor Requires resolution … is to use the information from the assessment across multiple sources of bias to arrive at a summary judgment … Arrive at a Comprehensive Judgment of Quality After assessment of individual criteria, assign ratings … Universal judgments of quality should be accompanied by text explaining the reason for the rating, particularly … evidence Key Messages (I): Definition of Quality Assessment In acknowledging the central role of judgment

18. Grading_didactic_faculty_approved (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/grading.ppt
    January 01, 2010 - A growing number of organizations adopt systematic approaches to making judgments about the strength … Inconsistent evidence bases: Have nonoverlapping confidence intervals Have significant unexplained clinical … Nonoverlapping confidence intervals, significant unexplained clinical or statistical heterogeneity, or … Use two or more reviewers with the appropriate clinical and methodological expertise. … level of confidence the reviewers place in the estimate of effect for the benefit or harm (i.e., their judgment

19. Grading_didactic_faculty_approved (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/grading.ppt
    January 01, 2013 - A growing number of organizations adopt systematic approaches to making judgments about the strength … Inconsistent evidence bases: Have nonoverlapping confidence intervals Have significant unexplained clinical … Nonoverlapping confidence intervals, significant unexplained clinical or statistical heterogeneity, or … This domain is a complicated concept, because judgments about precision may depend on or be contingent … level of confidence the reviewers place in the estimate of effect for the benefit or harm (i.e., their judgment

20. Renal-Cancer Research-Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/renal-cancer_research-protocol.pdf
    April 20, 2015 - Risk of bias judgment Bias in selection of participants into the study 2.1. … Risk of bias judgment Bias due to departures from intended interventions 4.1. … Risk of bias judgment Bias due to missing data 5.1 Are outcome data reasonably complete? … Risk of bias judgment Bias in measurement of outcomes 6.1 Was the outcome measure objective? … Risk of bias judgment Overall bias Risk of bias judgment Table 4.