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101. Medication Use for the Risk Reduction of Primary Breast Cancer in Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-TsBkyewVoFpC7htRmzWJa
     September 03, 2019 - In placebo- controlled trials, tamoxifen (RR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.59-0.84]; 7 fewer cases per 1000 women … In the STAR head-to-head trial, raloxifene was associated with fewer cases of endometrial cancer (RR, … nonvertebral fractures (RR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.45-0.98]; 3 fewer cases [95% CI, 0.2-5]a) compared with … [95% CI, 8-24]a) and ER+ breast cancer (RR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.19-0.63]; 15 fewer cases [95% CI, 8-20]a … [95% CI, 1-7]a), DVT (RR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.54-0.95]; 3 more cases [95% CI, 1-5]a), endometrial cancer

102. Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/gYdxwvAQZ73SApY2Hosz_d
     October 11, 2019 - Data from a nationally representative sample showed a prevalence of maternal HBV infection of 85.8 cases … In the United States, new cases of HBV among adults are largely transmitted through injection drug use … or sexual intercourse, but most prevalent cases of HBV infection are chronic infections from exposure … .1,18-20 In the United States, new cases of HBV among adults are largely trans- mitted through injection … drug use or sexual intercourse, but most prevalent cases of HBV infection are chronic infections from

103. Archived: Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/syphilis-infection-in-pregnancy-screening-september-2018
     September 04, 2018 - of congenital syphilis markedly increased from 2012 to 2016, from 8.4 to 15.7 cases per 100,000 live … In most cases of congenital syphilis, pregnant women received prenatal care but were not screened and … of primary and secondary syphilis infection per 100,000 women and 8.4 cases of congenital syphilis per … In 2016, the case rate had increased to 1.9 cases of primary and secondary syphilis infection per 100,000 … women and 15.7 cases of congenital syphilis per 100,000 live births. 15 Late or limited prenatal care

104. Screening for Cervical Cancer: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-6kN7TPcfEj2owG4GTN2jA
     June 01, 2012 - RATIONALE Importance The age-adjusted annual incidence rate of cervical can- cer is 6.6 cases per 100 … An estimated 12 200 new cases of cervi- cal cancer and 4210 deaths occurred in the United States in 2010 … Most cases of cervical cancer occur in women who have not been appropriately screened (2, 3). … group (16 vs. 20 cases; P � 0.67) (30). … (7.44 vs. 8.50 cases, respectively) and cancer deaths (1.35 vs. 1.55 deaths, respectively) (4).

105. Collaborative Modeling to Compare Different Breast Cancer Screening Strategies: A Decision Analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZSVRTLv938Gtr5au4-6eYL
     September 01, 2024 - Annual screening increased benefits but resulted in more false-positive recalls and overdiagnosed cases … , and 165 life-years gained, 1376 false-positive recalls, 201 benign biopsies, and 14 overdiagnosed cases … Overdiagnosis was defined as the excess breast cancer cases diagnosed in the presence of screening that … Overdiagnosis is calculated by subtracting the number of cases detected in the screening scenario from … the number of cases detected in the no-screening scenario.

106. Screening for Breast Cancer Using Film Mammography: Clinical Summary of 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nhEwwYcy6qGYDmvs57XtTb
     Contrast-enhanced MRI has been shown to detect more cases of cancer in very high-risk populations … suggests that when CBE is the only test available, it may detect a significant proportion of cancer cases

107. Final Recommendation Statement: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/breast-cancer-screening
     April 30, 2024 - White women have the highest incidence of breast cancer (5-year age-adjusted incidence rate, 136.3 cases … per 100,000 women aged 75 to 79 and 80 to 84 years, respectively, compared with 468.2 cases per 100,000 … per 1000 women initially screened) than in the triennial invitation group (2.70 cases per 1000 women … per 1000 women invited to screening with digital mammography plus MRI, compared with 4.7 cases per 1000 … In some cases, clinical preventive services have been well studied, but there are important evidence

108. Archived: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-screening-january-2016
     January 11, 2016 - Current study designs cannot determine the degree to which the additional cases of cancer detected would … identified compared with 37 cases of DCIS per 100,000 women per year after its introduction. 5 When … The baseline breast cancer incidence rate was 105 to 111 cases per 100,000 women (depending on whether … Breast cancer mortality rates have declined at a slower rate, from 31 to 22 cases (or a reduction of … Breast cancer mortality rates have declined at a slower rate, from 31 to 22 cases (or a reduction of

109. Evidence Summary: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening
     September 14, 2021 - In 2019, 1,808,703 cases of chlamydia were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention … (CDC), corresponding to a rate of 552.8 cases per 100,000 population. 1 Reported cases of chlamydial … infections among US women vs men were 698.9 vs 399.9 cases per 100,000, respectively; however, rates … In 2019, there were 616,392 cases of gonococcal infections, corresponding to a rate of 188.4 cases per … Both infections demonstrate differences in reported cases by geography, race and ethnicity, and HIV status

110. Archived: Rh(D) Incompatibility: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/rhd-incompatibility-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - the 1960s, the crude incidence of D isoimmunization in the U.S. and Canada has fallen from 9.1-10.3 cases … to 1.3 cases/1,000 total births. 5-9 Hemolytic disease of the fetus or newborn due to D isoimmunization … antenatal and postnatal prophylaxis will prevent isoimmunization in 96% of women at risk. 21 The remaining cases … correctly predict disease severity (i.e., cord hemoglobin and need for neonatal therapy) in 94-99% of cases … blood sampling during pregnancy with use of a needle guided by ultrasound: a study of 606 consecutive cases

111. Evaluation of the Benefits and Harms of Lung Cancer Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Modeling Study for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TVsn4SVh_jtaeqSTyrz-Gp
     March 09, 2021 - Estimated lifetime number of LDCT screenings, false-positive results, biopsies, overdiagnosed cases, … per person screened vs 1.9 per person screened with the USPSTF strategy), overdiagnosed lung cancer cases … The num- ber of overdiagnosed lung cancer cases ranged from 83 to 94 per 100 000 population vs 69 per … This shift leads to higher numbers of deaths averted and overdiagnosed lung cancer cases and to lower … % of all lung cancer cases % of screening-detected lung cancer cases B-55-80-20-20 189 587 209 334

112. Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/7Y97fjKqmNzNorxTWUcyZK
     January 10, 2017 - 2011 data, the estimated averageannual prevalence of anenceph- aly and spina bifida combinedwas 6.5 cases … However, most cases occur in the absence of any personal or family history. … per 10 000 live births before the implementation of food fortification (1995 to 1996) to 7.0 cases per … The trial reported no cases of neural tube defects in the experimental group and 6 cases in the control … Another potential expla- nation for the findings is that the majority of cases of neural tube defects

113. Uhtgkzvs Bpnj4 G4Fxuay (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/uhtgkZVs_bpNJ4_G4fXUay
     March 01, 2014 - risk factor for lung cancer is smoking, which results in approximately 85% of all U.S. lung cancer cases … Detection Most lung cancer cases are NSCLC, and most screen- ing programs focus on the detection and … A modeling study performed for the USPSTF estimated that 10% to 12% of screen-detected cancer cases are … However, only 15% of lung cancer cases are diagnosed at such a stage (2). … Ad- enocarcinoma is the most common subtype, encompassing 36% of all lung cancer cases.

114. Genetic Risk Assessment and BRCA Mutation Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility: Systematic Evidence Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3HxQuXnyqHpUKNqjB7hWBw
     September 01, 2005 - In these cases, guidelines recom- mend that testing begin with a relative who has known breast or ovarian … Sensitivity analyses indicate that preventing breast and ovarian cancer cases that occur by age 40 to … All estimates in the outcomes table are based on cases of cancer, not mortality. … Frequency of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations in a population-based sample of young breast carcinoma cases. … Accurate ascertainment of cases. 2.

115. Archived: Modeling Report: Radiation-Induced Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Death From Mammography Screening (Abstract): Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/modeling-report-radiation-induced-breast-cancer-and-breast-c/breast-cancer-screening-january-2016
     April 20, 2015 - the USPSTF commissioned a decision analysis to estimate the number of radiation-induced breast cancer cases

116. Archived: Evidence Summary: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary3/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening-september-2014
     September 23, 2014 - In 2012, 334,826 cases of gonorrhea and 1,422,976 cases of chlamydia were reported to the Centers for … Although rates are greater for women than men (108.7 cases of gonorrhea per 100,000 women vs. 105.8 per … 100,000 men; 643.3 cases of chlamydia per 100,000 women vs. 262.6 cases per 100,000 men), rates have … In this trial, 79% (30 of 38) of PID cases occurred in women who tested negative at baseline. … II: prevalence among healthcare attenders, outcome, and evaluation of positive cases.

117. Archived: Evidence Summary: Collaborative Modeling of U.S. Breast Cancer Screening Strategies: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-collaborative-modeling-of-us-breast-cancer-/breast-cancer-screening-january-2016
     January 11, 2016 - Screening higher-risk women also yielded a lower ratio of overdiagnosed cases per breast cancer death … However, women in the high-density group had a greater absolute number of cancer cases detected because … Depending on screening strategy, the models estimated that 2% to 12% of invasive disease cases and 30% … to 50% of DCIS cases might represent overdiagnosis. … Overdiagnosis is calculated by comparing cases detected in the screening scenario with those detected

118. Recommendation: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/prostate-cancer-screening
     May 08, 2018 - In determining whether this service is appropriate in individual cases, patients and clinicians should … In determining whether this service is appropriate in individual cases, patients and clinicians should … This type of prostate cancer is thought to account for less than 10% of all prostate cancer cases. 20 … Data from screening trials suggest that many cases of low-risk cancer detected by screening would never … Trial data suggest that 21% of cases of screen-detected cancer in the PLCO trial and 50% in the ERSPC

119. Evidence Summary: Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/syphilis-infection-in-pregnancy-screening
     May 13, 2025 - In a US national sample, approximately 5% of congenital syphilis cases occurred in pregnancies that initially … Two of 3 cohort studies concluded that about one-half of congenital syphilis cases might be prevented … repeat screening and adequate treatment, whereas the third study estimated that about one-fourth of cases

120. Modeling Study: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/modeling-study/cervical-cancer-screening
     August 21, 2018 - Measures: Lifetime number of tests, colposcopies, disease detection, false-positive results, cancer cases … expressing the trade-off of harms (ie, colposcopies, tests) vs benefits (life-years gained, cancer cases … CIN 3+) detected (including CIN 3 and cervical cancers detected through screening), cervical cancer cases … cotesting strategies having slightly higher effectiveness in terms of life-years gained and cancer cases … lifetime colposcopies (ie, 645 per 1000 women) but also the lowest number of CIN2 or CIN3 and CIN 3+ cases