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  1. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-in-adults-screening
    December 28, 2017 - RCTs or observational cohort studies with a comparator of no screening or no treatment KQs 2, 4: Case … control studies, case series and case reports, qualitative studies Countries Nonpregnant adults
  2. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    April 06, 2023 - Study designs not listed as specifically included (e.g., case reports, case series, case-control studies
  3. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LSbrGFWSvekVzhcxwjTuXv
    February 01, 2016 - The long case accrual method counts all breast cancer cases contributing to breast cancer deaths. … In this method, the case accrual time is equiva- lent to or close to the follow-up time. … differed only slightly from those with long case accrual (Table 1). … In this method, the case accrual time is equivalent to or close to the follow-up time. … Mammography screening and risk of breast cancer death: a population-based case-control study.
  4. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/breast-cancer-screening
    May 06, 2021 - not vary based on risk factor or marker) KQ 3: All of the above, plus population-based nested case-control … cross-sectional studies from included trials or large population-based studies Narrative reviews, case … reports, case series, and editorials Observational studies using paired designs (i.e., within-person
  5. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/cognitive-impairment-older-adults
    March 06, 2025 - KQ4; large observational studies for pharmacotherapies KQs 1, 4: Observational studies KQ 2: Case-control … studies KQs 3, 5: Case series, case reports Language English Languages other than English
  6. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/o7FfN6a6DA5LqDsfMgBxkk
    June 01, 2003 - • Only a single case-control study of skin self-examination has reported a lower risk for melanoma … associated with lower risk, as was the ability to tan.4–7 Sunlamp and Tanning Bed Avoidance Six of 19 case-control … Based on this trial, 140 people would need to use sunscreen daily for 4.5 years to prevent 1 case of … Melanoma and use of sunscreens: an EORTC case-control study in Germany, Belgium and France. … of topical sunscreens and the risk of malignant melanoma: a meta-analysis of 9067 patients from 11 case-control
  7. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_CqYnP2r9XUSuDgkPpF9y8
    May 01, 2025 - Summary of USPSTF Final Recommendation: Screening for Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy Clinicians Summary of USPSTF Final Recommendation Screening for Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy May 2025 What does the USPSTF recommend? A Grade For pregnant women: Provi…
  8. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan108/folic-acid-for-the-prevention-of-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication-january-2017
    October 16, 2014 - designs Efficacy (KQ 1): Randomized, controlled trials; controlled clinical trials; cohort or case-control … Harms (KQ 2): Randomized, controlled trials; controlled clinical trials; or observational studies (case-control … , cohort, registry data) Commentaries, editorials, case reports Sample size More
  9. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/cognitive-impairment-older-adults
    June 12, 2025 - KQ4; large observational studies for pharmacotherapies KQs 1, 4: Observational studies KQ 2: Case-control … studies KQs 3, 5: Case series, case reports Language English Languages other than English
  10. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vision-screening-children-ages-6-months-5-years
    July 24, 2025 - assessment of diagnostic accuracy KQs 3, 5: Randomized, controlled trials; controlled cohort studies; case-control … studies KQ 4: Randomized, controlled trials Case reports, case series, systematic reviews, and
  11. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/aspirin-nsaids-for-prevention-of-colorectal-cancer-preventive-medication-2007
    March 15, 2007 - Four pooled case-control studies of varying quality 13 , 15-17  showed that regular use of NSAIDs was … One poor-quality case-control study 18  found that moderate and high calculated cumulative dosing (.320 … A nested case-control study 31 using Tennessee Medicaid enrollees age 65 years or older who had been … Colorectal cancer risk, chronic illnesses, operations, and medications: case control results from the … Effect of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on colorectal adenomas: case-control study
  12. 012695_02-2004.pmd (pdf file)

    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/QETZFZLBsJbtPmVNVCgA7Z
    May 01, 1993 - No other permission is necessary unless it is used in any profit-making endeavor in which case this Center … No other permission is necessary unless it is used in any profit-making endeavor in which case this Center
  13. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/breast-cancer-risk-reduction-discussion-guide_3.pdf
    September 01, 2019 - Medicines to Help Prevent Breast Cancer: Let's Talk About It Medicines to Help Prevent Breast Cancer Let’s Talk About It We all want to find better ways to help prevent breast cancer. Medicines that reduce the risk of breast cancer are one way to help some women lower their risk. Women who have a hig…
  14. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/breast-cancer-risk-reduction-discussion-guide.pdf
    September 01, 2019 - Medicines to Help Prevent Breast Cancer: Let's Talk About It Medicines to Help Prevent Breast Cancer Let’s Talk About It We all want to find better ways to help prevent breast cancer. Medicines that reduce the risk of breast cancer are one way to help some women lower their risk. Women who have a hig…
  15. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - Recent case-control studies have also reported a 31-57% reduction in risk among persons receiving FOBT … Case-control and cohort studies also suggest that aspirin use may decrease the risk of colon cancer. … Effect of fecal occult blood testing on mortality from colorectal cancer: a case-control study. … A case-control study of screening sigmoidoscopy and mortality from colorectal cancer. … Colorectal cancer: the case for barium enema. Mayo Clin Proc . 1992;67:253–257. [ PubMed ] 83.
  16. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/syphilis-infection-in-pregnancy-screening
    May 13, 2025 - . 33 During follow-up, screening uptake increased from 89.8% to 97.2%, and the congenital syphilis case … Nicholson, MD, MPH, MBA (George Washington University, Washington, DC); Goutham Rao, MD (Case Western
  17. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/skin-cancer-screening-july-2016
    July 26, 2016 - In a case-control study of melanoma (n = 7586), cases diagnosed with thicker lesions (>0.75 mm) had an … Randomized clinical trials, observational studies (ie, cohort and case-control studies), and ecologic … Case series or case reports were also included for identification of potential harms due to screening … One fair-quality case-control study 18 measured the association between whole-body skin examinations … Fewer excisions were needed to detect a single case in older adults and in men.
  18. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/skin-cancer-screening-2001
    April 01, 2001 - Data Synthesis: No randomized or case– control studies have been done that demonstrate that routine … No randomized trials or case–control studies of screening for skin cancer have been completed. … There are no case–control studies of screening for skin cancer. … In the absence of randomized trials and case– control studies of screening or of early treatment, the … Nine case series examined the causes and consequences of apparent delay in the diagnosis of melanoma.
  19. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nfQJhay7BJKbhy35DV37xK
    January 01, 2001 - Several recent case–control studies confirm earlier evidence that risk of melanoma rises with the presence … No random- ized trials or case–control studies of screening for skin cancer have been completed. … There are no case–control studies of screening for skin cancer. … However, self-examination occurs much more frequently (monthly, on average, in the case–control study … Risk of cutaneous melanoma in relation to the numbers, types and sites of naevi: a case-control study
  20. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/c-7ARQE9RuXKjjpeLABkaH
    March 01, 2007 - Two case–control studies (12, 13) assessed the effect of aspirin dosing on colorectal cancer incidence … Four pooled case–control studies of varying quality (13, 15–17) showed that regular use of NSAIDs was … One poor- quality case–control study (18) found that moderate and high calculated cumulative dosing ( … A nested case–control study (31) using Tennessee Medicaid enrollees age 65 years or older who had been … Colorectal cancer risk, chronic illnesses, operations, and medications: case control results from the

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