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161. Archived: Evidence Summary: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary11/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-in-adults-screening-2008
     July 15, 2008 - harms of screening, systematic reviews; meta-analyses; randomized, controlled trials; cohort studies; case-control … studies; and case series of large multisite databases were included. … For harms of screening, we included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, RCTs, cohort studies, case- control … studies, and case series of large multisite databases. … We excluded editorials, case reports, narrative reviews, and guideline reports.

162. Final Research Plan: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening
     November 30, 2017 - controlled trials; large cohort studies (sample size >1,000); vascular surgery registries KQs 1, 4: Case-control … cross-sectional, and cohort studies; editorials, letters, and opinions; cost studies KQs 2, 3: Case-control

163. Screening for Chlamydial Infection: An Evidence Update (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/REES__d2DxtDLhZCXQjpPW
     July 01, 2007 - screening, n 0.39 4 19 39 Cases avoided by screening, n 2.6 26 131 261 Number needed to screen to avoid 1 case … 0.08 0.8 3.8 7.8 Cases avoided by screening, n 0.52 5.2 26.2 52.2 Number needed to screen to avoid 1 case … positive predictive value in- creases from 8% to 91%, whereas the number needed to screen to prevent 1 case

164. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Chlamydial Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary14/chlamydial-infection-screening-2007
     June 15, 2007 - positive predictive value increases from 8% to 91%, whereas the number needed to screen to prevent 1 case … Cases avoided by screening, n 2.6 26 131 261 Number needed to screen to avoid 1 case … Cases avoided by screening, n 0.52 5.2 26.2 52.2 Number needed to screen to avoid 1 case

165. Final Recommendation Statement: Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction
     September 03, 2019 - Share to Facebook Share to X Share to WhatsApp Share to Email Print Final Recommendation Statement Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk September 03, 2019 Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They s…

166. Final Research Plan: Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/screening-anxiety-children-adolescents
     March 29, 2022 - observational studies KQ 4:  RCTs KQ 5: RCTs Systematic reviews of comparative cohort and case-control … observational studies Harms of pharmacotherapy only :  large (>1,000 participants) comparative cohort and case-control …  Psychometric development and internal (e.g., split sample) validation studies of new instruments; case-control

167. Final Research Plan: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/osteoporosis-screening
     November 18, 2021 - serve as their own controls); controlled cohort studies are also eligible for KQ 5 only All KQs: Case … series; case reports; case-control studies; conference abstracts, posters, or proceedings without data

168. Final Research Plan: Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/screening-depression-suicide-risk-children-adolescents
     August 13, 2020 - observational studies KQ 4: RCTs KQ 5: RCTs Systematic reviews of comparative cohort and case-control … observational studies Harms of pharmacotherapy only : large (>1,000 participants) comparative cohort and case-control … Psychometric development and internal (e.g., split sample) validation studies of new instruments; case-control

169. Archived: Final Research Plan: Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan95/syphilis-infection-in-nonpregnant-adults-and-adolescents-june-2016
     September 18, 2014 - cross-sectional and ecological studies Benefits: Observational studies without comparison groups; case … reports Harms: Case studies   Abbreviations: FDA = U.S.

170. Archived: Risk Factors and Other Epidemiologic Considerations for Cervical Cancer Screening: A Narrative Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/risk-factors-and-other-epidemiologic-considerations-for-cervical-cancer-screening-a-narrative-review-for-the-us-preventive-services-task-force/cervical-cancer-screening-2012
     October 15, 2011 - The large case–control study discussed above 47 was designed to determine whether screening should begin … Role of parity and human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: the IARC multicentric case-control study. … Smoking and cervical cancer: pooled analysis of the IARC multi-centric case-control study. … Effectiveness of cervical screening with age: population based case-control study of prospectively recorded … The balance of harms, benefits, and costs of screening for cervical cancer in older women: the case

171. Archived: Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/folic-acid-for-the-prevention-of-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication-january-2017
     January 10, 2017 - In the current review, the USPSTF evaluated 1 randomized clinical trial (RCT), 2 cohort studies, 8 case-control … any supplements (OR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.11 to 0.63]). 1 , 17 The 8 remaining studies were fair-quality case-control … Newer case-control studies conducted after food fortification did not show a protective effect of folic … of the US population with suboptimal red blood cell folate concentration. 1 , 9 Three fair-quality case-control … Eight fair-quality case-control studies addressed dose, timing, or duration of therapy. 1 Of these 8

172. Archived: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - A review of six case-series including 703 cases of ruptured aneurysm estimated that only 18% of all patients … Among 13 large case-series of surgery for nonruptured aneurysms published since 1980, overall surgical … Among 13 large case-series of surgery for nonruptured aneurysms published since 1980, overall surgical … Data from older case series may not be a reliable guide to the natural history of asymptomatic aneurysms

173. Recommendation: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/ovarian-cancer-screening
     February 13, 2018 - Share to Facebook Share to X Share to WhatsApp Share to Email Print Final Recommendation Statement Ovarian Cancer: Screening February 13, 2018 Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should not be co…

174. Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: An Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MWRHULpw6y_5Uk_KXTyvp8
     January 10, 2017 - Three of 4 case-control studies with data from 1976 through 1998 reported ORs ranging from 0.6 to 0.7 … More recent case-control studies drawing from data collected after 1998 have not demonstrated a protective … Evidence From Case-Control Studies Case-control studies included multistate, 2-state, and single-state … Early studies (1 trial, cohort and case-control studies) provided consistent evidence of benefit. … These case-control studies do not show a protective association.

175. Screening for Gonorrhea: Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Wezro6zTSfAWxCrneF-nxB
     May 01, 2005 - Inconsistent condom use was highly prevalent for both case (63%) and control (50%) groups. … one case of PID would be 7,751. … the NNS to prevent one case of PID would be 840. … Asymptomatic sexually transmitted diseases: the case for screening. … Case Control Studies Criteria • Accurate ascertainment of cases.

176. Archived: Final Research Plan: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan141/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-june-2017
     February 12, 2015 - controlled clinical trials   KQ 5 (harms of weight loss medications): Large comparative cohort or case-control … studies with appropriate comparison group; large case-series; large case-series; large event monitoring

177. Final Research Plan: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd
     September 13, 2018 - randomized, controlled trials; controlled clinical trials; comparative cohorts; and population-based case-control … Poor-quality studies KQs 1, 2: Any observational studies KQ 3: Ecological studies, case-series … , and case reports Publication date Trials published from 1990 to present Trials whose

178. Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MnkNvteY4Yg_8Jut4SayVN
     July 02, 2002 - Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer - Recommendations and Rationale 25 Summary of Recommendations • The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends against the routine use of tamoxifen or raloxifene for the primary prevention of breast cancer in women at low or average risk for breast cancer. (See “Clinic…

179. Archived: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/bladder-cancer-adults-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - years. 28 Because of lead-time and length biases (see Chapter ii, Methodology), however, comparing case-survival … Bladder cancer and coffee drinking: a summary of case-control research.

180. Archived: Final Research Plan: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan21/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening-september-2014
     June 15, 2013 - observational trials, uncontrolled observational trials Benefits:  Uncontrolled observational trials, case … reports Harms:  Small, uncontrolled observational trials, case studies