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421. C-Diff-Infections-Surveillance-140925 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/c-diff-infections-surveillance-140925.pdf
     January 01, 2014 - Treating recurrent CDI Level of Evidence: Low There is limited evidence from two case series that … Aldeyab 2011 An evaluation of Case-control design: metronidazole and/or N/A; single Means for In this … study population, a total of 78% of case patients et al.11 the impact of single-dose intravenous … For 17% of case patients and controls, illness was severe at the date of positive toxin test result … Gough10 2011 Case series Patients = 317 Case series and reports = 27 -Average age = 53 yrs -61%

422. Quantitative Synthesis Chapter 3. Choice of Statistical Model for Combining Studies (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-presentation-quantitative-synthesis-chapter-3.pdf
     February 01, 2018 - . ► In this case neither fixed nor random effects models yield valid results, and studies should not … events (e.g., adverse events), few or zero events may occur in one or both trial arms.7,8 ► In this case

423. AHRQ Slide Template 2009 (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/presentation.ppt
     August 01, 2009 - At the simplest level, it is always the case that presenting results in a structured, uniform manner … For example, this case summary table was created for a key question about prevalence; therefore, it included … This is often the case in fields where there may be many relevant outcomes or multiple ways to assess

424. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/crohns-disease_research-protocol.pdf
     September 01, 2010 - lymphoma and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, we will include all study types (including case … Controversies in the treatment of Crohn's disease: the case for an accelerated step-up treatment approach … □ For two outcomes will include all levels of evidence (including case reports). … 4, we will include RCTs, non-RCTs, cohort studies with a comparison group, crossover studies and case-control … lymphoma and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, we will include all study types (including case

425. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0260_07-16-2010.pdf
     January 01, 2010 - Effective Health Care Topic Number(s): 0279 Document Completion Date: 12-13-10 1 Results of Topic Selection Process & Next Steps  Treatments for tinnitus will go forward for refinement as a systematic review. The scope of this topic, including populations, interventions, comparators, and outcom…

426. Ankyloglossia-protocol-140630 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ankyloglossia_research-protocol.pdf
     June 30, 2014 - Two of these appeared to be case reports and neither gave clear indications on whether harms of surgical … series, and cross over studies Case reports will be used to assess harms Other criteria Original … tool for randomized controlled trials • Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies • EPC tool for case … Defining ankyloglossia: a case series of anterior and posterior tongue ties. … Developing a frenotomy policy at one medical center: a case study approach.

427. DEcIDE 32: The Incident User Design in Comparative Effectiveness Research (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/incident-user-design_research.pdf
     May 01, 2012 - We reviewed published case studies in which investigators had used the incident user design or alternative … We review case studies where investigators have explored the consequences of designing a cohort study … problem of adjusting for characteristics that may be in the causal pathway.4 For example, in the case-control … tradeoffs of the incident user design apply to interventions other than medications because most of the case … Exposure-time-varying hazard function ratios in case-control studies of drug effects.

428. Diagnosis and Management of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders in Children (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ocd-protocol.pdf
     August 15, 2023 - Systematic reviews (for reference lists only) Exclude: • Prevalence studies • Qualitative studies • Case … reports and case series, • Unpublished studies, including conference abstracts (but include studies … only) Exclude: • Cross-sectional studies (no longitudinal follow- up) • Qualitative studies • Case … reports and case series, • Unpublished studies, including conference abstracts (but include studies

429. Disposition of Comments Report for Procalcitonin-Guides Antibiotic Therapy (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer78_procalcitonin_disposition_20121210.pdf
     October 05, 2012 - We were unable to calculate 95% CI in this case as the authors reported only the median values along … non- significant difference – how do the investigators conclude the evidence to be precise in this case … In this case, any protocol that reduces Abx will be deemed safe, because mortality will not rise. … In this case, the ability of a study to detect a mortality cost will only be half of that in a study … It is analogous to having to remove a certain percent of normal appendices in order not to miss a case

430. Management of Primary Headache During Pregnancy: Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/headaches-pregnancy.pdf
     March 23, 2019 - Nonrandomized comparative studies, including pre-post studies • Single group studies • N-of-1 studies • Case-control … studies • Case reports or series of case reports • Cross-sectional studies/surveys o Prospective … Nonrandomized comparative studies, including pre-post studies • Single group studies • N-of-1 studies • Case-control … studies • Case reports or series of case reports • Cross-sectional studies/surveys o Prospective

431. PowerPoint Presentation
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/facilitation-webcast-slides.pptx
     June 13, 2013 - this model Community Forum Community Forum Community Forum Using the Obesity example: one of the case … Typical comments at this stage: I don’t think that’s the case, its their own fault, we should not be … scripted language for each section from the purpose and goals of the session, how to introduce a case

432. The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/chronic-pain-opioid-treatment_executive.pdf
     September 19, 2014 - Otherwise, we excluded uncontrolled observational studies, case series, and case reports. … We rated the quality of each case-control study based on whether it enrolled a consecutive or random … 3.62) for 20 to 49 mg MED/day that increased to 11.18 (95% CI 4.80 to 26.03) at >100 mg MED/day; 1 case … FDA released a public health advisory due to case reports of deaths and other life-threatening adverse … Opioid use for noncancer pain and risk of fracture in adults: a nested case- control study using the

433. Venous-Ulcers-Treatment Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/venous-ulcers-treatment_executive.pdf
     January 01, 2014 - Less than 2 levels of compression: 74 No outcome of interest: 65 Less than 4-weeks followup: 19 Case … series with fewer than 30: 73 Does not apply to a Key Question: 20 No human subjects: 1 Case series … no ulcer healing: 8 Case series no sampling frame: 4 Case series no demographics: 40 Other exclusion … These were mostly case series. … We need to standardize case definitions, clarify clinical trial study outcomes, and develop a network

434. Crosscutting-Horizon-Scan-High-Impact-1312 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/crosscutting-horizon-scan-high-impact-1312.pdf
     December 01, 2013 - health care interventions are still in the early stages of development or adoption, except in the case … Case management, insurance status, and durable medical equipment needs (e.g., walkers, special beds … Case management would be most affected, experts thought, in cases in which patients have no regular … Holy Cross Hospital geriatric emergency department case study. [internet]. … Available: http://www.hpoe.org/resources/case-studies/1312. 57. Layton MJ.

435. Amended Protocol: Management of Infantile Epilepsy (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/infantile-epilepsy-amended-protocol.pdf
     March 07, 2021 - Case study of the comparison of data from conference abstracts and full-text articles in health technology … AND [1999-2020]/py NOT ([animals]/lim NOT [humans]/lim OR abstract:nc OR annual:nc OR 'book'/de OR (case … NEXT/1 (report* OR stud*)):ti OR 'case report'/de OR 'case study'/de OR conference:nc OR 'conference

436. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/colorectal-cancer-screening_research-protocol.pdf
     May 18, 2011 - conducted on behalf of the USPSTF due to its more stringent inclusion and quality criteria (e.g., case-control … nonrandomized controlled trial, prospective or retrospective cohort, diagnostic accuracy studies, or case-control … Working Group (specific to genetic testing), 13 the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (specific to cohort and case-control

437. Appendix-Table-B-1-Observational-Studies (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/appendix-table-B-1-observational-studies.xlsx
     March 20, 2021 - serology propensity matched (age, gender, immunodeficiency, BMI, smoking status, education level) to each case … Even if no viral RNA sequencing was available for comparison, each case of potential reinfection was

438. Meta-analysis of Test Performance Evidence When There is a “Gold Standard” Reference Standard (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-meta-analysis.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - This case can be less important than other types of variation between the tests, such as variations in … Prevalence cannot be estimated from case-control studies (the main design of many medical test studies … Prevalence is often wide-ranging and cannot be estimated from case-control studies which is the main … Special Case: Joint Analysis of Sensitivity and Specificity With Multiple Thresholds (2 of 2) This is … Special Case: Joint Analysis of Sensitivity and Specificity With Multiple Thresholds (2 of 2) On the

439. Meta-analysis of Test Performance Evidence When There is a “Gold Standard” Reference Standard (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-meta-analysis.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - This case can be less important than other types of variation between the tests, such as variations in … Prevalence cannot be estimated from case-control studies (the main design of many medical test studies … Prevalence is often wide-ranging and cannot be estimated from case-control studies which is the main … Special Case: Joint Analysis of Sensitivity and Specificity With Multiple Thresholds (2 of 2) This is … Special Case: Joint Analysis of Sensitivity and Specificity With Multiple Thresholds (2 of 2) On the

440. Radiation Therapy for Bone Metastases (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/rt-bone-metatases-final-protocol-amendment.pdf
     August 10, 2022 - In the absence of comparative studies, single arm (e.g., case series, pre-post studies) may be considered … For evaluation of harms, comparative cohort and case-control studies will be included; we will … Single arm studies (unless no comparative studies); if used, exclude studies of <10 patients • Case … In the absence of comparative studies, single arm (e.g., case series, pre-post studies) with at least … For evaluation of harms, we will include comparative cohort and case-control studies with a focus on