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401. S58 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s58.pdf
     October 01, 2007 - Medicaid Data © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins S59 leagues12 used 50-state Medicaid data in a case–control … application of this framework to validation of claims-based diagnostic measures, sensitivity of HIV/AIDS case … Antidepressant drug therapy and suicide in severely depressed children and adults: a case-control study … Sensitivity of an AIDS case-finding algorithm: who are we missing? Med Care. 2004;42:756–763. 20.

402. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/health-literacy_research-protocol.pdf
     January 22, 2010 - ;  controlled trials; and  observational studies: prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case … Sample sizes must be appropriate for the study question addressed in the paper; single case reports … or small case series (fewer than 10 subjects) were excluded. … , Humans, English 729 #24 Search #5 OR #23 1310 #25 Search #5 OR #23 Limits: Editorial, Letter, Case … Maternal literacy and health behavior: a Nepalese case study. Soc Sci Med 2004;58:863-77.

403. Systematic Review on Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain: Surveillance Report 2 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-2.pdf
     April 01, 2022 - (case$ and control$).tw. 25. or/18-20,22-24 26. randomized controlled trial.pt. 27. … reporting diagnostic accuracy English language publications • Uncontrolled observational studies, case … series, and case reports • Non-English language publications Abbreviations: KQ=Key Question; PICOTS … The Association between Opioid Discontinuation and Heroin Use: A Nested Case-Control Study. … worse baseline knee osteoarthritis and faster progression of degenerative changes: a retrospective case

404. CER 45 Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring Comparative Effectiveness Surveillance Final 4.7.16 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/measuring-blood-pressure-surveillance-160412.pdf
     May 29, 2025 - "or"exp"prospective" studies/"or"exp"retrospective"studies/"or"exp" epidemiologic"studies/"or"exp"case … "(2193168)" 33"""""case"'"control.af."or"(case"adj10" control).tw."(241145)" 34"""""ep.fs. … Geographic"variation"of" hypertension"in"sub'saharan"Africa:"a"case"study"of"South"Africa." … `$CONCLUSIONS$ AND$RELEVANCE:$Home$BP$telemonitoring$and$pharmacist$case$management$achieved$better$ … $6$BP$ readings$per$week,$and$ 88%$attended$their$ expected$case$ management$visits.$ Older$age,

405. Assessing-The-Risk-Of-Bias-In-Systematic-Reviews-Of-Health-Care-Interventions (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/assessing-the-risk-of-bias-in-systematic-reviews-of-health-care-interventions-01.pdf
     May 01, 2005 - o Do not rely solely on study design label (e.g., randomized controlled trial [RCT] or cohort, case-control … studies and case series. … reports/case series, etc.] provide valid and useful information to address key questions?” … It excludes case studies, case series and cross-sectional studies, although some systematic reviews … In the case of confounding—as described by ROBINS-I (“pre-intervention prognostic factor that predicts

406. Research White Paper_Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Data Use and Governance Toolkit (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/outcomes-research-depression.pdf
     October 01, 2021 - the American Society of Clinical Oncology; Sharon Terry from Genetic Alliance; Tithi Biswas from Case … Securing rights from the submitting parties for select data for specific research purposes, i.e., on a case-by-case … When securing rights on a case-by-case basis, processes should be developed in conjunction with the … In the latter case, registries must implement a process for defining the inclusion and exclusion criteria … on-demand download of 21 pre-defined datasets, enabling download of specified datasets on a case-by-case

407. PREGNANCY, INCLUDING PRETERM BIRTH #12 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/12_pregnancy_potential_high_impact_june_2012.pdf
     January 01, 2012 - health care interventions are still in the early stages of development or adoption, except in the case … , 88.5% in 1 case, and 0.11% in 1 case.” 59 It was also revealed, “In 3 of the 300 euploid pregnancies … for trisomy 21 was ≤0.01%, and the risk score for trisomy 18 was ≤0.01% in 295 cases, 0.04% in 1 case … , and 0.23% in 1 case. … research expert did not believe this would significantly improve patient outcomes, stating “best case

408. Disposition of Comments Report for Core Needle and Open Surgical Biopsy for Diagnosis of Breast Lesions: An Update to the 2009 Report (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-biopsy-update_disposition-comments.pdf
     September 10, 2014 - This is simply not the case, at least in this reviewer's fairly extensive experience. … care, wire-localized surgical excision should only occur if a cancer has been diagnosed (in which case … Understandably it may be difficult to discern what is palpable and what is not palpable particularly in the case … When comparing, it would be important to include case mix considerations. … lumpectomy and sentinel node biopsy) and this is never the case.

409. Template for Reports Developed (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-updates_methods.pdf
     July 01, 2011 - Drug warnings often based on adverse events data (e.g., case reports, case- series) reported by consumers … Such case reports or case-series are not often submitted for journal publication, therefore to supplement … and observational studies, papers in submission or in press, and reports of adverse events (i.e., case

410. Ch 8-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_8-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
     October 01, 2013 - based on exposure and participants are followed for the occurrence of a particular outcome, and (2) case-control … or nested case-control studies). … This is seldom the case. … This is also the case with Medicaid data. … Statins and the risk of colorectal carcinoma: a nested case-control study in veterans with diabetes

411. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/lung-cancer-nonsurgical-therapies_research-protocol.pdf
     February 22, 2012 - It has been used as a palliative treatment in case of endobronchial tumor recurrence after EBRT. … We will include noncomparative observational studies (case series) to assess comparative effectiveness … Case series will only be included when they discuss previously unreported outcomes. … study designs, we will use the system developed by Briss and colleagues.28 Editorials, commentaries, case … A critical guide to case series reports. Spine. 2003;28:1631-4. PMID: 12897483 34.

412. Research Protocol: Disparities Within Serious Mental Illness (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/mental-illness-disparities_research-protocol.pdf
     July 01, 2015 - as differences or gaps in care experienced by one population group compared with another; in this case … controlled trials § Nonrandomized controlled trials § Prospective and retrospective cohort studies § Case-control … studies § Single-group pre-post studies GQs 1, 2, and 4 § Not applicable GQ 3 § Case reports … § Case series § Cross-sectional studies § Opinions § Commentaries § Nonsystematic reviews

413. Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Clinical Utility in Asthma Management (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/asthma-nitric-oxide_research-protocol.pdf
     September 06, 2016 - type KQ 1.a and KQ 1.e: • Included: RCTs, cohort or comparative effectiveness, cross sectional, case … animal studies KQ 1.b, KQ 1.c, and KQ 1.d: • Included: RCTs, cohort or comparative effectiveness, case … hospital settings None Study design • Any sample size • RCTs, cohort or comparative effectiveness, case … data; selective outcome reporting; and other sources of bias.17 For observational studies (including case

414. Systematic Review on Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain: Surveillance Report 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/opioids-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-1-final.pdf
     April 01, 2022 - • One new case-control study was consistent with the original report in finding higher doses of opioids … Evidence from one new fair-quality case-control study of Medicare patients (2,311 cases with matched … (case$ and control$).tw. 25. or/18-20,22-24 26. randomized controlled trial.pt. 27. … series, and case reports • Non-English language publications Abbreviations: KQ=Key Question; PICOTS … The Association between Opioid Discontinuation and Heroin Use: A Nested Case-Control Study.

415. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hepatitis-c-screening_research-protocol.pdf
     October 20, 2011 - We will exclude case studies and small case series. … Studies We will assess the risk of bias of systematic reviews, randomized trials, and cohort and case

416. The Role of Immunotherapy and the Management of Asthma: Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/asthma-immunotherapy_research-protocol.pdf
     September 14, 2016 - setting o Home setting • Study type KQ1 and KQ3: o Included: RCTs o Exclude: cohort studies, case … reports, cross-sectional studies and surveys KQ2 and KQ4: o Included: RCTs, cohort studies, case … For Key Questions 2 and 4 we will also include cohort studies and case reports to assess safety. … In case of failure to communicate with the primary investigators, or if there is no response within … We will apply the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to the case reports to judge the likelihood

417. Tx-For-Localized-Prostate-Cancer Surveillanceassesment 20120614 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/tx-for-localized-prostate-cancer_surveillanceassesment_20120614.pdf
     May 01, 2012 - Available data were largely from case series. … , Phase II, Clinical Trial, Phase III, Clinical Trial, Phase IV NOT metasta*[ti] NOT review OR case … report* OR case-report* OR letter OR editorial NOT animal* NOT (human OR humans) SEARCH STRATEGY … OR hospitals[mh] OR epidemiology[mh] OR epidemiolog*[ti] KEY QUESTION 3 revision (adding term “Case … Available data were largely from case series.

418. Tx-For-Localized-Prostate-Cancer Surveillanceassesment 20120614 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/tx-for-localized-prostate-cancer_surveillanceassesment_20120614.pdf
     May 01, 2012 - Available data were largely from case series. … , Phase II, Clinical Trial, Phase III, Clinical Trial, Phase IV NOT metasta*[ti] NOT review OR case … report* OR case-report* OR letter OR editorial NOT animal* NOT (human OR humans) SEARCH STRATEGY … OR hospitals[mh] OR epidemiology[mh] OR epidemiolog*[ti] KEY QUESTION 3 revision (adding term “Case … Available data were largely from case series.

419. Breast-Cancer-Imaging Technical-Brief (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-cancer-imaging_technical-brief.pdf
     October 01, 2014 - studies Case series Case reports Opinions Commentaries Letters to the editor with no primary data … Long-term survival after hepatectomy for large metastatic breast cancer: a case report. … Bevacizumab and paclitaxel for breast cancer patients with central nervous system metastases: a case … Breast cancer and HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: two case reports and review … Palliative radiation for lung cancer metastases to the breast: two case reports.

420. Disposition of Comments for CER 157 Appendicitis (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/appendicitis_disposition-comments.pdf
     December 14, 2015 - I assume that case- control studies are excluded. … that sampled participants on the basis of the presence of disease (these are often referred to as “case-control … Comment Response Peer Reviewer #1 Results Test performance of diagnostic laparoscopy is a special case … We agree with the reviewer’s point and have treated diagnostic laparoscopy as a “special case”.