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281. Integrating stakeholder preferences in comparative effectiveness research using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and Conjoint Analysis (CA) (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/mcda-ijzerman.pdf
     January 01, 2011 - In this case, 27 (33) scenario’s describe all possible combinations in the decision space. … drug use), Additional costs to patients (out- of-pocket) Slide 15 Decision structure in case

282. Disposition of Comments for Technical Brief 31 Mobile Applications for Self-Management of Diabetes (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/tech-brief-31-mobile-applications-self-mgmt-disposition-comments.pdf
     May 08, 2018 - Key Informant #4 General Sentences should not begin with lower case 'm' as in mHealth. … Tradenames with a lower cased initial letter should retain the lower case even at the beginning of a … In the case of “mHealth,” we used a WHO document on mHealth as precedent for using lower-case mHealth … the summary of the KI comments, these apps are viewed by some as a magic bullet and that is not the case

283. DEcIDE 33: Summary Variables in Observational Resesarch: Propensity Scores and Disease Risk Scores (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/observational-research-scores_research.pdf
     May 01, 2012 - In the case of the propensity score, the outcome is treatment choice. … For study designs such as case-control studies, matching on disease risk score may be desirable and … Supplementary data collection with case- cohort analysis to address potential confounding in a cohort … Supplementary data collection with case-cohort analysis to address potential confounding in a cohort … On the estimation and use of propensity scores in case-control and case-cohort studies.

284. Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/vaccine-safety_executive.pdf
     January 01, 2020 - Case-control studies compare people who have a disease or adverse event (“cases”) with people who do … We also abstracted 80 case-control studies, SCCSs, or multivariate risk factor analyses that met our … studies, self-controlled case series, and designs using multivariate risk factor analyses. … Research design II: cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies. … Tutorial in biostatistics: the self-controlled case series method.

285. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/weight-loss-surgery_research-protocol.pdf
     December 14, 2010 - The following study design types will be included: case series, cohort, case control, controlled trail … Minimum sample size of the study is two (i.e., individual case report will not be reviewed). … events; 2) non-surgical studies with less than 1 year follow-up; 3) background articles; and 4) single case … Additional studies will be included if they meet the inclusion criteria illustrated above; in rare case

286. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cystic-fibrosis-hgh_research-protocol.pdf
     August 22, 2008 - specifically, randomized controlled trials, observational trials, systematic review/meta-analyses, or case … Exp case control studies/ 3. Exp Cohort Studies/ 4. Case control.tw. 5. … Exp case control studies/ 3. Exp Cohort Studies/ 4. Case control.tw. 5.

287. Association Between Outcomes and Dental Services in People Receiving Treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Rapid Response Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/dental-immunodeficiency-virus-rapid-response.pdf
     May 01, 2025 - against antibiotic prophylaxis in well controlled cases, except when deemed medically necessary on a case-by-case … Health Advisory Group further provides a list of potential interactions with antiretrovirals in the case … to support nuanced assessments, diagnoses, and treatment planning, as well as considerations in the case … s OR neoplasm* OR malignan* OR tumo$r*))) 15888 S10 S9 AND (TI,AB,SU,DTYPE(case-control OR ((cohort … OR comment$5 OR reply OR letter$1 OR response$1 OR correspondence$1 OR note$1) OR TI,AB,SU,DTYPE(case

288. Undescended-Testicle Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/undescended-testicle_executive.pdf
     December 01, 2012 - In this case, health care providers often elect to observe the patient’s condition until he is 1 year … poor quality); 21 retrospective cohort studies (4 good quality, 17 poor quality); 16 prospective case … series (1 good quality, 3 fair quality, 12 poor quality); and 2 retrospective case series (1 fair quality … Imaging approaches range from being readily available in the case of US to potentially less available … With improvements in imaging techniques, it may also be the case that early studies underestimated the

289. Rapid Evidence Product: Adverse Events Associated With COVID-19 Pharmaceutical Treatments (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/COVID-19-pharmaceutical-treatments-rapid-review.pdf
     March 01, 2024 - Thus, no case reports, case series, or uncontrolled surveillance studies were included. … number of events because a patient could experience an event more 3 than once, in which case … 0.12, 74.8) and aspartate aminotransferase (RR 3.06; CI 0.12, 74.8) in the RCT16 based on only one case … Outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab: a case- controlled study … - control studies Uncontrolled studies, case series, case reports Setting Inpatient and outpatient

290. Disposition of Comments for Chronic Urinary Retention: Comparative Effectiveness and Harms of Treatments (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/chronic-urinary-retention_disposition-comments.pdf
     September 15, 2014 - I realize that the evidence-base may not allow such questions to be answered and if that is the case … It is especially useful in the case of male patients with CUR due to BPH. … Numerous large case series of microwave therapy and TURP have demonstrated inferior results following … We did not include case series data in our review because case series data have no comparison groups … In the search strategy, Cross-sectional studies, retrospective reviews, case- control studies and cohorts

291. #05 DEPRESSION (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/depression-horizon-scan-high-impact-1506.pdf
     June 01, 2015 - health care interventions are still in the early stages of development or adoption, except in the case … In the interim, numerous case reports and clinical trials have reported that ketamine, particularly … In smaller studies and case reports, IV ketamine also reduced comorbid suicidal ideation. … protocol is three 4 mcg/kg infusions, administered 3–5 days apart.8,14 Small clinical trials and case … adjunct treatment to behavior and brain-stimulation therapies.26,27 Numerous clinical trials and case

292. S103 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s103.pdf
     October 01, 2007 - If that is not the case, then the analyst should consider trimming extreme weights. … Therefore, the behavior of these estimators will need to be evaluated carefully on a case-by-case basis

293. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 2 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-topics_methods.pdf
     July 01, 2012 - Although this is usually the case, sometimes the information alone from a test may have value independent … In each case, the initial claim was at least somewhat ambiguous. … While in the first case the reference standard was actual diagnosis by biopsy, here the reference standard … mammogram* PET = positron emission tomography *Figure taken from Samson et al., 2002.17 This case

294. Disposition of Comments Report for Comparison of Characteristics of Nursing Homes and Other Residential Long-Term Care Settings for People With Dementia (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/dementia-nursing-home-characteristics_disposition-comments.pdf
     October 23, 2012 - We determined that a case-mix threshold of persons with dementia was important to assure that our findings … We determined that a case-mix threshold of persons with dementia would be important. … We determined that a case-mix threshold of persons with dementia would be important. … Maybe a scenario or case study “box” or “example” may help a reader? … A scenario or case study “box” or “example” may be appropriate for that effort, and we will thoughtfully

295. ADHD-Update-protocol-160818 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/adhd-update_research-protocol.pdf
     August 18, 2016 - • Observational studies: sample size ≥20 subjects Editorials, nonsystematic reviews, letters, case … series, case reports, abstract-only Because studies with fewer than 20 subjects are often pilot … studies"[MeSH] OR "case- control"[tiab] OR "cohort studies"[MeSH] OR cohort[tiab] OR "longitudinal studies … studies"[MeSH] OR "case- control"[tiab] OR "cohort studies"[MeSH] OR cohort[tiab] OR "longitudinal”[ … studies"[MeSH] OR "case- control"[tiab] OR "cohort studies"[MeSH] OR cohort[tiab] OR "longitudinal”[

296. Future Research Needs for Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/sleep-apnea-diagnosis-future_research.pdf
     February 01, 2012 - Another design is a nested case-control study, where all patients in a defined cohort who experience … If suitable databases are immediately available, one can perform a case-control study in a relatively … In the simple case of only two risk categories (low vs. high), the (predictive) sensitivity and the … Another design is a nested case-control study, where all patients in a defined cohort who experience … † This refers to a case control-study that would be conducted using existing records.

297. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 234 Evidence Summary: Management of Primary Headaches in Pregnancy (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-234-headaches-pregnancy-summary.pdf
     November 01, 2020 - Our searches covered published and unpublished primary studies (direct evidence) and case reports ( … We also identified 19 case reports, representing supplemental evidence.

298. Comparative Effectiveness of Second Generation Antidepressants in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Adult Depression—An Update to a 2007 Report. (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/antidepressants-update_disposition-comments.pdf
     December 01, 2011 - Plans that lock the mentally ill, like chattel, into mandatory referral to antiquated and drug and case … Clearly that is not the case. We have changed the wording. … You made a case for preferring response rates - those should be presented first. … Comment: remove this sentence In this case we disagree with the Peer Reviewer. … Also, in this specific case the suggestion is to treat initially with daily dosing and then switch

299. Integrating Bodies of Evidence: Existing Systematic Reviews and Primary Studies (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/integrating-evidence_methods.pdf
     February 01, 2015 - We developed five scenarios or case studies outlining alternative actions depicting a range of approaches … important for systematic reviewers to consider all potentially relevant primary studies, it may not be the case … chose not to use it as a whole May use the data for the subgroup of interest Decision was made on a case-by-case

300. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cancer-radiation_technical-brief.pdf
     November 01, 2009 - C: Table of Eligible Studies Appendix D: Table of Excluded Studies Appendix E: Table of Screened Case … Series and Case Reports Appendix F: Centers That Perform Particle Beam Treatment (Worldwide) Appendix … Case series of less than 10 patients and case reports were not included in the literature scan, but … Appendix E lists the citations of the case reports and case series papers that were examined for harms … In screening through case reports and case series of less than 10 people, we did not identify mention