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181. Autism Surveillance (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/autism_surveillance.pdf
     October 01, 2012 - The remaining 153 were rejected because they were editorials, letters, animal studies, individual case … In addition to 2-year evidence on an EIBI controlled trial in Norway (see below) we found one case … (Ingersoll, 2011) October 2012 – A small case series (N=17) of parents given pivotal response training … A small case series (N = 17) using interest- based learning reported that children in high interest … Ingersoll, 20116 Case series US Parent training Project ImPACT: School based training for parents

182. Environmental, Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Hospital Resources to Prevent Hospital-Acquired Infections (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prevent-hai-protocol.pdf
     April 16, 2024 - literature consists primarily of non-randomized studies, life cycle assessments, modeling studies, and case … interventions (other devices/items used for hospital care): SRs Non-English-language, abstracts, case … Combine result sets #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 #22 Exclude undesired study types #21 NOT ('book'/de OR 'case … proceedings OR sessions OR symposium):nc OR ((book NOT series) OR 'conference proceeding'):pt OR ('case

183. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/preterm-birth-terbutaline-pump_research-protocol.pdf
     October 18, 2010 - reports (only pump failures) • Case studies We have conducted a scoping literature search and … an event (as opposed to number of events) to ensure only one event is recorded per patient, in the case … series)/ Nonrandomized trials Case Series Similarity of groups at baseline in terms of baseline … Therefore, we will only be assessing loss to followup/discontinuation of treatment for case series, … A retrospective study that reports the number of subjects identified • A prospective cohort study, case

184. Untitled (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/mental-health-children_research-protocol.pdf
     December 11, 2015 - studies • Case series • Case reports • Nonsystematic reviews • Cross-sectional studies • Before … a Will include cohort, interrupted time-series, and case-control studies only if no RCT/CCT/systematic … Comparative research design: Case and variable selection. In: Rihoux Benoit RC, Ragin C, eds. … Therefore, we cannot include each arm in each study as a case, rather, each case constitutes a comparison … that a case is fully out of a condition set.

185. Comparative Effectiveness of Fecal DNA Testing in Screening for Colorectal Cancer in Average Risk Adults. (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/colorectal-cancer-screening_disposition-comments.pdf
     February 01, 2012 - Note the authors exclude case control studies. … Other case-control studies, though, may (or may not) be more clear on this point. … A case-control study would not be valid to estimate specificity per se, since subjects with small or … We have added a sentence to the discussion that acknowledges that nested case-control designs, case-control … Case-control studies were considered for Key Question 5 (pt acceptability).

186. Disposition of Comments Report for Antinuclear Antibody, Rheumatoid Factor, and Cyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Tests for Evaluating Musculoskeletal Complaints in Children (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/musculoskeletal-complaints-tests-children_disposition-comments.pdf
     March 07, 2012 - If that is the case, it may need to be mentioned in the introduction (or results) and this may change … Case control studies are at high risk of bias (changed from ‘moderate’). … Peer Reviewer #5 Results You appear to have scored case-control studies as unclear for the patient … We agree that case control studies are at high risk of bias and have revised our assessment and the … For the remaining 5 studies, they appear to be case-control studies.

187. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/tinnitus_research-protocol.pdf
     February 22, 2012 - tinnitus with an underlying medical condition that creates internal acoustic mechanical sounds; in this case … Case reports, case series, editorials, comments, letters, opinion pieces, and abstracts will be excluded … reports/studies, and case series  Editorials, comments, letters, opinion pieces, and abstracts … Additional items were needed to describe the population for case-control studies (five items), cohort … Selection 1) Is the case definition adequate?

188. Breast-Abnormalities-Tests-Update Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-abnormalities-tests-update_research-protocol.pdf
     July 01, 2010 - However, retrospective case-control studies and case reports were excluded. … Retrospective case-control studies have been shown to overestimate the accuracy of diagnostic tests, … and case reports often report unusual situations or individuals that are unlikely to yield results … that are applicable to general practice.12,17 Retrospective case studies (studies that selected cases … reports, case-control studies, and retrospective studies that did not enroll all consecutive patients

189. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 9 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-performance_methods.pdf
     July 01, 2012 - challenges that pertain to issues with reference standards, we will discuss only one, namely, the case … Perhaps the simplest case of test performance evaluation includes an “index test” and a reference test … Diagnostic Accuracy, or the Case of the “Perfect” Reference Standard A “perfect” reference standard … Diagnostic Accuracy – The Case of the “Imperfect” Reference Standard Only rarely are we sure that the … In the case of continuous test results, one is practically limited by the data available.

190. Machine-Learning-Tools-Appendix-D (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/machine-learning-tools-appendix-d.xlsx
     January 01, 2024 - Artificial Intelligence to Automate Network Meta‑Analyses: Four Case Studies to Evaluate the Potential … 0.998 The LLM had a > 99% success rate of accurately extracting data across 20 runs for each case … Integrating large language models in systematic reviews: a framework and case study using ROBINS-I for … Artificial Intelligence to Automate Network Meta‑Analyses: Four Case Studies to Evaluate the Potential … Artificial Intelligence to Automate Network Meta‑Analyses: Four Case Studies to Evaluate the Potential

191. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/asthma-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
     February 10, 2010 - clinical trials  Comparative observational studies (prospective and retrospective cohort studies; case-control … medication use and health care utilization with long-term (≥6 months) outcomes, with some validity of case … clinical trials  Comparative observational studies (prospective and retrospective cohort studies; case-control … , case reports, cross-sectional studies)  Comparative observations trials not meeting all inclusion … , case reports, cross-sectional studies)  Comparative observations trials not meeting all inclusion

192. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cerebral-palsy-feeding_research-protocol.pdf
     June 12, 2012 - • For case-control and cohort studies, we will use the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. … • For case series, we will use a tool adapted from EPC work to develop methods to assess risk of … From our scan of the literature, we anticipate that the bulk of the literature will consist of case … While case series are typically considered poor quality, we will complete quality assessments to inform … /control status (one star) c) Interview not blinded to case/control status d) Written self report or

193. Blood-Clots-Hip-Knee-Surgery Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/blood-clots-hip-knee-surgery_executive.pdf
     March 01, 2012 - In base case analyses, prolonged prophylaxis increases the occurrence of minor bleeding and surgical … Summary of results from base case analyses in patients who had major orthopedic surgery*6 (continued … Summary of results from base case analyses in patients who had major orthopedic surgery*6 (continued … Summary of results from base case analyses in patients who had major orthopedic surgery*6 (continued … Summary of results from base case analyses in patients who had major orthopedic surgery*6 (continued

194. Multidisciplinary Postacute Rehabilitation for Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in AdultsBrain Injury in Adults Surveillance Report 08082016 CCKK CC final clean (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/traumatic-brain-injury-rehabilitation-surveillance-160902.pdf
     May 29, 2025 - $18,$2016>$ Date:$May$19,$2016$ Original$Search$ 1$$$$$Epidemiologic$studies/$(7120)$ 2$$$$$exp$case … $control$studies/$(779866)$ 3$$$$$exp$cohort$studies/$(1534155)$ 4$$$$$Case$control.tw.$(93080)$ 5 … $35$or$36$(1760)$ 38$$$$$limit$37$to$(addresses$or$autobiography$or$ bibliography$or$biography$or$case … $A$Case"control$Study$Examining$the$Characteristics$of$ Patients$who$Fall$in$an$Inpatient$Traumatic$ … Not(Reported( •$ Telephone$Counseling$ o$ Home$(telephone),$30"45$minutes/week$for$9$months$ •$ Case

195. WITHIN 3 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/shah.pdf
     May 29, 2025 - So, I have about -- one -- I have one case study and then the slide takeaways. … The -- the case study we have here is with one of our clients, the American College of Gastroenterology … Your -- aligning with your strategy, you know, this term "use case," all of these institutions, everybody

196. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents - Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/deficit-hyperactivity-protocol.pdf
     November 01, 2021 - , including cross-sectional studies, are eligible if Editorials, nonsystematic reviews, letters, case … series, case reports, pre- post studies. … report"[tw] OR “case reports”[tw] OR “case series”[tw] OR "comment on"[All Fields] OR congress[pt] … studies"[MeSH] OR "case-control"[tiab] OR "cohort studies"[MeSH] OR cohort[tiab] OR "longitudinal" … studies"[MeSH] OR "case-control"[tiab] OR "cohort studies"[MeSH] OR cohort[tiab] OR "longitudinal"

197. Disposition of Comments Report for Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 137 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/autism-update_disposition-comments.pdf
     August 06, 2014 - (if only one child included) or case series (multiple children) under the rubric of the EPC study … Case reports and case series can have rigorous evaluation of pre- and post- measures, as well as strong … characterization of the study participants, and case series that included at least 10 children were … I would think that might be considered unethical in the case of an early intervention study. … We have noted the limitations of case series in the Methods section.

198. Future Research Needs for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in the Pediatric Population (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/stem-cell-children-future_research.pdf
     February 01, 2012 - Evidence consisted largely of case series and case reports. … Recognizing that observational studies, including case series, and case reports will continue to be … Evidence consisted largely of case series and case reports. … Recognizing that observational studies, including case series, and case reports will continue to be … Hepatic veno- occlusive disease in case 2 after second HDCT.

199. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hypothyroidism-hyperthyroidism-screening-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
     March 11, 2010 - recommended against population-based screening for thyroid disease, though they did advocate aggressive case-finding … of Studies in the Review • KQ 1a and 1b: RCT • KQ 2: RCT, controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control … • KQ 3: RCT, controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies. … • KQ 4: RCT, controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and observational databases … (screening OR casefinding OR case finding) [tiab] 4. 1 OR 2 OR 3 TR-ER Treatment for hyperthyroidism

200. Kravitz_ECCS2012 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/kravitz_eccs2012.pdf
     January 01, 2012 - University of California, Davis, Department of Communication Slide 2: Presentation of Case A 62-­‐year … • The need for action may not always be the case.1 (Recall Kravitz et al. Ann Intern  Med 1996.