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101. Management of Renal Masses and Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current State of the Evidence (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/renal-cancer_clinician.pdf
     July 01, 2017 - Renal cell carcinoma accounts for more than 94 percent of kidney malignancies. … treatment for patients with clinical stage T1a tumors (≤4 cm in diameter) and T1b tumors (4–7 cm) … (9,401) A positive relationship between tumor size and malignancy risk was found. 1.326 (1.220 to … and malignancy risk was found. … potential of tumors treated with RN.

102. Cancer-Anemia-Update Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cancer-anemia-update_executive.pdf
     April 01, 2013 - patients, depending on the type of malignancy and treatment. … Transfusion is one option for treating anemia related to cancer and cancer treatment. … alloimmunization, overtransfusion, and immune modulation with theoretically possible adverse effects on tumor … strategies and non-ESA strategies to manage anemia in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation for malignancy … There was considerable variability among trials, such as trial duration, tumor types, cancer therapy

103. Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/health-topics/cancer

104. Executive Summary_Blood-Based Tests for Multiple Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cell-free-dna-executive-summary.pdf
     May 01, 2025 - Multi- cancer early detection test sensitivity for cancers with and without current population- level … Neoplasia. Dec 2023;46:100941. doi:10.1016/j.neo.2023.100941 12. … Integrative modeling of tumor genomes and epigenomes for enhanced cancer diagnosis by cell-free DNA … TOTEM: a multi-cancer detection and localization approach using circulating tumor DNA methylation … Prospective validation study: a non-invasive circulating tumor DNA-based assay for simultaneous early

105. Disposition of Comments_Blood-Based Tests for Multiple Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cell-free-dna-disposition-comments.pdf
     May 14, 2025 - First, multi-cancer tests are designed to pick up many cancers, including cancers that are both dread … Rationale: The accuracy of a TOO (tumor of origin) offering is beyond the scope of KQ3, which is evaluating … is a function of known biologic features of tumor aggressiveness.20 • The draft report incorrectly … of such tumors may not alter the clinical trajectory. … draft report recognizes that some MCED technologies, such as GRAIL’s Galleri, recognize “shared tumor

106. Liver Failure After Chemotherapy: Did We Forget Something? | PSNet
     psnet.ahrq.gov/web-mm/liver-failure-after-chemotherapy-did-we-forget-something
     May 01, 2019 - However, other causes of hepatitis must be excluded, including chemotherapy-induced hepatic injury, tumor … Rarely, hepatitis may be caused by tumor obstruction of the hepatic veins producing the Budd-Chiari syndrome … For other solid tumors, the rate of reactivation appears to be lower, ranging between 14% and 21%.( 11 … The more intensive chemotherapeutic regimens for hematological malignancy and breast cancer are particularly … Patients receiving rituximab or those treated for haematological malignancies and breast cancer appear

107. Technical Brief 13: Gene Expression Profiling for Predicting Outcomes in Stage II Colon Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/colon-cancer-gene-profiling_technical-brief.pdf
     December 01, 2012 - II Colon Cancer Colon cancer is a common malignancy affecting both women and men. … peritoneum), and IIC (T4b tumors where tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures … Colon cancer is a common malignancy in both women and men. … Search Strategy for MEDLINE® 1. exp Colorectal Neoplasms/ 2. … ((colorectal or colon$ or rectal or Sigmoid) adj3 (neoplasm$ or cancer$ or carcino$ or tumo?

108. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Screening, April 2001 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/skin-cancer-screening-2001
     April 01, 2001 - between 1994 and June 1999, using search terms for screening, physical examination, morbidity, and skin neoplasms … , biopsies, confirmed skin cancers, and stages and thickness of skin cancers. … cancer. 15 , 16 A large primary tumor >2 cm) is associated with an increased risk of metastasis. … from 1994 to June 1999, using search terms for screening, physical examination, morbidity, and skin neoplasms … The latter study 80 concluded that poor prognosis was due to rapidly growing tumors rather than delays

109. Chemo and Couns/2nd instal (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-hnLT26c2NHs6thK9yznPF
     July 01, 2002 - (70 cancers) Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer 39 Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer 40 studies … Randomized trial of fenretinide to prevent second breast malignancy in women with early breast cancer … Progesterone and estrogen receptors and mammary neoplasia in the Iowa Women’s Health Study: how many … nodes and estrogen receptor-positive tumors. … 1 Explode breast neoplasms 90,662 2 Limit 1 to (human and female) 70,714 3 Explode Tamoxifen 6,743

110. Archived: Oral Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/oral-cancer-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - " includes a diverse group of tumors arising from the oral cavity. … Usually included are cancers of the lip, tongue, pharynx, and oral cavity. … Head and neck malignancies associated with HIV infection. … Prevention of second primary tumors with isotretinoin in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck … The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers

111. Archived: Lung Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - physicians and radiologists. 5 Current radiographic technologies require greater than 20 doublings of tumor … persons found that those receiving chest x-rays every 6 months had a larger proportion of resectable tumors … the beginning and end of the trial. 14 Similar findings were reported in the Philadelphia Pulmonary Neoplasm … Although early-stage, resectable tumors were more common and 5-year survival significantly higher in … A National Cancer Institute sponsored screening trial for prostatic, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancers

112. breast-cancer-imaging-protocol-131217 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-cancer-imaging_research-protocol.pdf
     December 17, 2013 - assess stage Comparator Comparison of multiple imaging modalities No comparator None Outcomes Tumor … Found 1 exp Diagnostic Imaging 1737346 2 exp Breast Neoplasms/dh, dt, pc, rt, su, th [Diet … Therapy, Drug Therapy, Prevention & Control, Radiotherapy, Surgery, Therapy] 101054 3 exp Neoplasm … exp survival analysis/ 190795 11 6 or 7 1163519 12 1 and 2 and 5 and 11 632 13 exp *Breast Neoplasms … characteristics Type(s) of imaging described Comparator Type(s) of comparators, if any Outcomes measured Tumor

113. Lung-Cancer-Nonsurgical-Therapies Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/lung-cancer-nonsurgical-therapies_executive.pdf
     June 01, 2013 - size, and tumor location … ablation, rather than tumor cell kill, allowing for little to no tumor cell repopulation between doses … Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy for primary lung tumors. … A systematic review of radiofrequency ablation for lung tumors. … Image-guided thermal ablation of lung malignancies. Radiology. 2011 Sep;260(3):633-55.

114. Addendum to Screening for Ovarian Cancer: Evidence Update for the USPSTF Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/QtuWfedsMmUb_sAuKWdsGg
     December 31, 2014 - via ultrasonography, serum tumor markers, or pelvic examination was not recommended (D recommendation … , serum tumor markers, or pelvic examination was not recommended (D recommendation). 3 In 2004, a … peritoneal cancer and ovarian tumors with uncertain behavior. … of detected cancers: results of the prevalence screen of the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer … malignancy.

115. Some cancer experts see 'overdiagnosis,' question emphasis on early detection. | PSNet
     psnet.ahrq.gov/issue/some-cancer-experts-see-overdiagnosis-question-emphasis-early-detection
     June 19, 2019 - Newspaper/Magazine Article Some cancer experts see 'overdiagnosis,' question emphasis … of tumors that may never cause harm, this newspaper article discusses the impact of unnecessary tests … Researchers are working to design better tests to distinguish between benign abnormalities and cancers … May 26, 2021 A crisis of undiagnosed cancers is emerging in the pandemic’s second year … November 26, 2014 Missing a cancer diagnosis.

116. Archived: Brief Evidence Update: Oral Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-update-2004/oral-cancer-screening-2004
     February 04, 2004 - The MEDLINE® search strategy combined the exploded MeSH® heading of Oral Neoplasm with Lip Neoplasm, … Tongue Neoplasm, and Pharynx Neoplasm and crossed the result with Mass Screening, yielding 88 articles … Forty-seven cancers (7 resultant deaths) were diagnosed in the intervention group and 16 cancers (9 resultant … Treatment of oral leucoplast, a form of pre malignancy, has been studied in RCT's with several modalities … Micronuclei, a biomarker for chemoprevention trials: results of a randomized study in oral pre-malignancy

117. Bladder-Cancer-Non-Muscle-Invasive Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/bladder-cancer-non-muscle-invasive_executive.pdf
     October 01, 2015 - These include the stage of the cancer, tumor grade (higher grade tumors are more likely to recur and … progress), whether the tumor is an initial tumor or a recurrence, number and size of tumors, and patient … tumors (SOE: high) … versus smaller tumors (SOE: low) … 1 cm or >2 cm) vs. smaller tumors.

118. Evidence Summary: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/ovarian-cancer-screening
     February 13, 2018 - Tumors of the peritoneum: epithelial tumors of Müllerian type. … , increased risk of familial ovarian cancer, active nonovarian malignancy KQ1: Ovarian cancer (ovarian … , or any active malignancy KQ1: Ovarian cancer (ovarian, fallopian tube cancer) incidence and mortality … volume >10 cm 3 ; any solid area or papillary projection extending into the cavity of a cystic ovarian tumor … of any size; or any mixed (solid and cystic) component within a cystic ovarian tumor Notification

119. Screening for Cervical Cancer - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/r7JMWkKKv2krN6cxKQUUfP
     January 01, 2010 - The majority of cervical cancers in the U.S. occur in women who have never been screened or who have … or DES exposure due to increased risk for vaginal neoplasms, but data on the yield of such screening … with HPV in older women are much less prevalent but carry a higher risk of progressing to cervical neoplasia … American Cancer Society Guideline for the Early Detection of Cervical Neoplasia and Cancer. … Trends in cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in Iceland through 1995: evaluation of targeted age groups

120. Modeling Study: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-modeling-study18/colorectal-cancer-screening
     May 18, 2021 - incidence (excluding tumors that are not the target of colorectal cancer screening) among 20- to 44- … that are not the target of colorectal cancer screening (eg, carcinoid tumors). … or in addition) by faster progression to malignancy is unknown. … Contributions of adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors to early-onset colorectal cancer incidence rates … Prevalence of advanced, precancerous colorectal neoplasms in black and white populations: a systematic