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81. Aspirin or Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for the Primary Prevention of Colorectal Cancer (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/c-7ARQE9RuXKjjpeLABkaH
    March 01, 2007 - More than 80% of colorectal cancers arise from adeno- matous polyps. … and has the second highest mortality rate among cancers, incidence is decreasing. … Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer (1973 through 1998), featur- ing cancers with recent … Low-dose aspirin and incidence of colorectal tumors in a randomized trial. … of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and other chemopreventors and risk of subsequent colorectal neoplasia

82. Screening for Breast Cancer: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Pboxx4DR35wz5GPozm-XNF
    June 15, 2023 - review as stage IIB or higher, which encompasses tumors with local lymph node involvement or distant … No statistically signifi- cant differences were found in the cancer characteristics (tumor size, nodal … Proportion of Screen-Detected Invasive Cancers Diagnosed (Advanced Stage [II or Higher], Tumor Size > … 20 mm, Tumor Grade 3, Node-Positive Cancer) With Digital Breast Tomosynthesis vs Digital Mammography … Breast-cancer tumor size, overdiagnosis, and mammography screening effectiveness.

83. Screening for Bladder Cancer: Clinical Summary of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/p8huvc8UM4WfAnrNAzYnXS
    Screening for Bladder Cancer: Clinical Summary of U.S. … is transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, which may be combined with adjuvant radiation therapy … There is inadequate evidence on harms of screening for bladder cancer. … the following: Potential preventable burden: early detection of tumors with malignant potential could … have an important impact on the mortality rate of bladder cancer.

84. Screening for Prostate Cancer: Clinical Summary of USPSTF Recommendation (2012) (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/JosR5xCYBoK6K9BTbsaQD3
    Screening for Prostate Cancer: Clinical Summary of USPSTF Recommendation (2012) SCREENING FOR PROSTATE … CANCER CLINICAL SUMMARY OF U.S. … a tumor that either will not progress or will progress so slowly that it would have remained asymptomatic … Because of the current inability to reliably distinguish tumors that will remain indolent from those … The benefits of PSA-based screening for prostate cancer do not outweigh the harms.

85. Final Research Plan: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening-adults
    December 21, 2023 - or usual care on short- or long-term prostate cancer mortality, incidence of metastatic prostate cancer … of treatment vary in populations defined by age, race, ethnicity, family history, or Gleason grade/tumor … Do the harms vary in populations defined by age, race, ethnicity, family history, or Gleason grade/tumor … 1 , 2 have primarily detected early-stage cancer (90% to 96% of cancers detected). … screening and diagnostic workup; adding PSA density as a PSA-based screening approach; adding Gleason grade/tumor

86. Archived: Ovarian Cancer: Screening, May 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/ovarian-cancer-screening-2004
    May 04, 2004 - cohort studies using transvaginal ultrasound screening reported that 59 percent to 65 percent of ovarian cancers … were diagnosed in Stage I. 10 , 11 However, there is no evidence that detecting earlier-stage tumors … earlier treatment leads to a 40 percent mortality reduction) would yield a maximum of 4 additional cancers … American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2003 . … Invasive epithelial ovarian cancers in white women. Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group.

87. Final Research Plan: Breast Cancer: Medication to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/breast-cancer-medication-use-reduce-risk
    March 21, 2024 - Share to Email Print in progress Final Research Plan Breast Cancer … What is the effectiveness of risk-reducing medications on primary breast cancer, breast cancer mortality … What are the harms of medications used to reduce primary breast cancer risk? … (including tumor receptor status) and DCIS; breast cancer mortality; all-cause mortality; and global … disorders Genitourinary outcomes Thromboembolic events Cardiovascular events Risk of other cancers

88. Overview of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vTHBrY6VuqjoouJvUmtkr4
    May 01, 2018 - treatment of screen-detected tumors. … We used the following keywords: prostate cancer/neoplasms, PSA, mass screening, model, microsimulation … by CISNET as “computer models that operate at the level of individuals or smaller entities such as tumors … on age, PSA, or stage/grade of tumor). … Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG-4) trial, which was not conducted in men with screen-detected cancers.

89. Draft Research Plan: Breast Cancer: Medication to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/breast-cancer-medication-use-reduce-risk
    December 28, 2023 - Share to Email Print in progress Draft Research Plan Breast Cancer … What is the effectiveness of risk-reducing medications on primary invasive breast cancer, breast cancer … What are the harms of medications used to reduce primary breast cancer risk? … (including tumor receptor status) and DCIS; breast cancer mortality; all-cause mortality; and quality … disorders Genitourinary outcomes Thromboembolic events Cardiovascular events Risk of other cancers

90. Archived: Breast Cancer: Medications for Risk Reduction | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction-2002
    July 08, 2002 - Rationale: The USPSTF found fair evidence that tamoxifen and raloxifene may prevent some breast cancers … that the drug was associated with an approximately 50 percent reduction in the risk for developing new cancers … women enrolled in BCPT, the women in these trials were younger, had more estrogen-receptor-negative cancers … When effective, both raloxifene and tamoxifen were effective only against estrogen receptor-positive tumors … (0.8 cancers/1,000 women taking placebo vs 3.1 cancers/1,000 women taking tamoxifen for a median of

91. Archived: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-screening-january-2016
    January 11, 2016 - Most of the additional cancer detected by these methods are invasive tumors rather than ductal carcinoma … Although adjunctive screening may detect more breast cancer, these cancers may fall into 1 of 3 categories … (that is, cancer with adverse histologic features, such as poorly differentiated tumors and triple-negative … , but the tumor does not go on to behave as expected based on its appearance. … the tumor stops progressing at an early invasive stage.

92. Screening for Bladder Cancer in Adults - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/C6gCSoknL3qd32EDovsUsh
    November 01, 2004 - screening would be small, at best, for the following reasons: there is fair evidence that many of the cancers … tests—such as microscopic urinalysis, urine dipstick, urine cytology, or such new tests as bladder tumor … antigen (BTA) or nuclear matrix protein (NMP22) immunoassay—can detect bladder cancers that are clinically … Screening for Bladder Cancer in Adults Recommendation Statement U.S. … • Smoking increases the risk for bladder cancer; about 50% of all cases of bladder cancer occur in

93. Archived: Final Modeling Report: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-modeling-report/breast-cancer-screening-2009
    November 15, 2009 - Some groups model breast cancer in stages, but 3 (models E, S, and W) use tumor size and tumor growth … Age, estrogen receptor status, and tumor size- or stage-specific treatment have independent effects on … Women with estrogen receptor-negative invasive tumors receive nonhormonal therapy only. … Slow-growing tumors are much more common than fast-growing tumors, and the ratio of slow- to fast-growing … The MISCAN-Fadia continuous tumor growth model for breast cancer.

94. Archived: Evidence Summary: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary43/prostate-cancer-screening-2012
    October 07, 2011 - prostate cancers are localized 6 , 7 , 13 . … It did not specifically enroll men with screening-detected prostate cancer, and about 75% of cancers … Over three quarters of men with localized prostate cancer (about 90% of screening-detected cancers are … : HR, 1.8 (CI, 1.6–2.1) Poorly differentiated tumors: HR, 1.1 (CI, 1.0–1.3) 4729/39,767 (rate … : HR, 1.2 (CI, 1.1–1.2) Poorly differentiated tumors: HR, 1.0 (CI, 1.0–1.1) Zhou et al,

95. Overview of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16813/prostate-cancer-models-overview/pdf
    May 01, 2018 - treatment of screen-detected tumors. … We used the following keywords: prostate cancer/neoplasms, PSA, mass screening, model, microsimulation … by CISNET as “computer models that operate at the level of individuals or smaller entities such as tumors … on age, PSA, or stage/grade of tumor). … Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG-4) trial, which was not conducted in men with screen-detected cancers.

96. Archived: Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Counseling, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/skin-cancer-counseling-2003
    October 06, 2003 - A large primary tumor (>2 cm) is associated with an increased risk of metastasis. … To find controlled trials of counseling (question 6), we searched MEDLINE® using the terms "skin neoplasms … In this study, 650 incident cases of melanoma in 1987-1989 were identified through the Connecticut Tumor … Good No difference in the incidence of first cancers. … Sunscreen reduced the total incidence of squamous cell cancers but not basal cell cancers.

97. Screening for Cervical Cancer: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-6kN7TPcfEj2owG4GTN2jA
    June 01, 2012 - cervix and who do not have a history of a high-grade precancerous lesion (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia … Efficacy of human papillomavirus testing for the detection of invasive cervical cancers and cervical … intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomised con- trolled trial. … Human papillomavirus DNA testing for the detection of cervical intra- epithelial neoplasia grade 3 and … Human papillomavirus testing for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer

98. Collaborative Modeling to Compare Different Breast Cancer Screening Strategies: A Decision Analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZSVRTLv938Gtr5au4-6eYL
    September 01, 2024 - cycles).43-46 Based on published data, treatment benefit was therefore reduced by 28% for ER-negative tumors … -49, 50-64, 65-74, 75-89 y), screening round/interval (first, annual, biennial) for screen-detected cancers … Underlying incidence in the absence of screening and the propor- tion of tumors that were nonprogressive … Racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer survival: mediating effect of tumor characteristics and … for screening-detected and interval cancers.

99. Overdiagnosis in Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KT7vaWK_JSDNNvEmUAjN8d
    May 01, 2018 - by CISNET as “computer models that operate at the level of individuals or smaller entities such as tumors … consists of tumor onset, time from tumor onset to diagnosis (i.e., sojourn times), and sensitivity … 3 natural history states (healthy, preclinical, clinical) Does not specify stage or grade of tumor … Sensitivity of screening test in an increasing function of time since tumor onset Mechanism … Lifetime Risk of Overdiagnosis (Overdiagnosed Cancer as a Proportion of Screen-Detected Cancers) by Screening

100. Screening for Colorectal Cancer (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/xL4XwcPKXBfTWgY5ouzLzy
     May 01, 2021 - Screening for Colorectal Cancer 1 Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation Screening … A Grade For adults aged 50 to 75 years: Screen all adults aged 50 to 75 years for colorectal cancer … B Grade For adults aged 45 to 49 years: Screen adults aged 45 to 49 years for colorectal cancer. … risk for colorectal cancer (ie, no prior diagnosis of colorectal cancer, adenomatous polyps, or inflammatory … Screen all adults aged 45 to 75 years for colorectal cancer.