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41. Summary of USPSTF Final Recommendation: Screening for Breast Cancer (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Qs4k3tBM8wdzudSpKro7-U
    April 01, 2024 - as a family history of breast cancer (ie, a first- degree relative with breast cancer) or having dense … diagnosed with triple-negative cancers (ie, ER-, PR-, and HER2-), which are more aggressive tumors … Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death among … In 2023, an estimated 43,170 women died of breast cancer. … • The National Cancer Institute has information on breast cancer screening for health care professionals

42. Screening for Bladder Cancer: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hWPZYvUZJXUQghbFtSDC42
    August 01, 2011 - The stages of bladder cancer include superficial (Ta or T1) and muscle-invasive tumors. … One fourth of all cases of bladder cancer and 20% to 40% of all invasive tumors have already metastasized … Treatment Once bladder cancer has been diagnosed, several fac- tors determine treatment, including tumor … grade, cancer stage (superficial vs. invasive), whether the tumor is recur- rent, the patient’s age … , tumor characteristics, and subsequent treatments.

43. Archived: Skin Cancer: Screening and Behavioral Counseling, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/skin-cancer-screening-behavioral-counseling-1996
    January 01, 1996 - been reported. 6 , 8 With a median age at diagnosis of 53 years, 9 MM ranks second among adult-onset cancers … signs and symptoms suggesting cutaneous malignancy and the possible benefits of periodic self-examination … Second cancer following cutaneous melanoma and cancers of the brain, thyroid, connective tissue, bone … Model predicting survival in stage I melanoma based on tumor progression. … The effect of various sunscreen agents on skin damage and the introduction induction of tumor susceptibility

44. Screening for Breast Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/zmvjborz6pkcGVzgcP5nCw
    September 30, 2024 - significant difference in breast cancer detection or in tumor charac- teristics (tumor size, histologic … diagnosed with triple-negative cancers (ie, ER–, PR–, and HER2–), which are more aggressive tumors, and … The risk of a stage IIB or higher cancer diagnosis and of having a tumor with less favorable prognostic … breast cancers. … Interval breast cancer rates and tumor characteristics in the prospective population-based Malmö breast

45. Screening for Breast Cancer Background (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-68R8Lt-5VbRhGFuyKpdUR
    Screening for Breast Cancer Background Screening for Breast Cancer Final Recommendations … BACKGROUND Summary Mammography is an important tool in reducing the number of deaths due to breast cancer … screening include: • Overdiagnosis and overtreatment, meaning that a woman would undergo treatment for a tumor … biopsies and psychological harms (such as anxiety); and • False-negative test results or missed cancers … Breast cancer caused by radiation, while infrequent, is another potential harm.

46. Screening for Breast Cancer Background (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/n6eeEADXc8hR25c3XkgezA
    Screening for Breast Cancer Background Screening for Breast Cancer Final Recommendations … BACKGROUND Summary Mammography is an important tool in reducing the number of deaths due to breast cancer … screening include: • Overdiagnosis and overtreatment, meaning that a woman would undergo treatment for a tumor … biopsies and psychological harms (such as anxiety); and • False-negative test results or missed cancers … Breast cancer caused by radiation, while infrequent, is another potential harm.

47. Collaborative Modeling of U.S. Breast Cancer Screening Strategies (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nmcMhEwWT9BncBBBQQN6Uf
    December 01, 2015 - of breast cancer is modeled as a continuously growing tumor. … Each tumor has a size (the fatal diameter, which differs between tumors) at which diagnosis and treatment … Variation between tumors is modeled by probability distributions of tumor growth, threshold diameter … The MISCAN-Fadia continuous tumor growth model for breast cancer. … Number of cancers diagnosed is higher in B50–74 vs.

48. Archived: Cervical Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - Although the Pap smear can sometimes detect endometrial, vaginal, and other cancers, 3 , 4 its use as … cytologic diagnoses, false-negative diagnoses were made in 7.5% of smears with moderate dysplasia or frank malignancy … and invalid assumptions that an interval longer than 1 year may permit aggressive, rapidly growing cancers … recommended that the first two to three smears be obtained 1 year apart as a means of detecting aggressive tumors … Controversies in the management of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

49. Screening for Ovarian Cancer - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/za7BqXMwT8BMz4Z_ygrvKm
    May 01, 2004 - Two large cohort studies using transvaginal ultrasound screening reported that 59% to 65% of ovarian cancers … were diagnosed in Stage I.11,12 However, there is no evidence that detecting earlier-stage tumors through … assumption that earlier treatment leads to a 40% mortality reduction) would yield a maximum of 4 additional cancers … American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2003. … Invasive epithelial ovarian cancers in white women. Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group.

50. Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MnkNvteY4Yg_8Jut4SayVN
    July 02, 2002 - recommendation The USPSTF found fair evidence that tamoxifen and raloxifene may prevent some breast cancers … average, treating such women with tamoxifen for 5 years would prevent about 3 times as many invasive cancers … women enrolled in BCPT, the women in these trials were younger, had more estrogen-receptor-negative cancers … When effective, both raloxifene and tamoxifen were effective only against estrogen receptor-positive tumors … (0.8 cancers/1,000 women taking placebo vs 3.1 cancers/1,000 women taking tamoxifen for a median of

51. Archived: Prostate Cancer: Screening, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/prostate-cancer-screening-2002
    December 01, 2002 - causes of this decline are uncertain. 5 Tumor grade appears to be a stronger predictor of prognosis … In studies of untreated prostate cancer, well‐differentiated tumors had low rates of metastasis or mortality … significant based on size and tumor grade, but which would not have progressed to clinical symptoms … . 3 In the absence of better data about which treatments are effective for which tumors, the USPSTF … for prostate, colorectal, and endometrial cancers.

52. Collaborative Modeling of U.S. Breast Cancer Screening Strategies (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16255/collabmodelingbc/pdf
    December 01, 2015 - of breast cancer is modeled as a continuously growing tumor. … Each tumor has a size (the fatal diameter, which differs between tumors) at which diagnosis and treatment … Variation between tumors is modeled by probability distributions of tumor growth, threshold diameter … The MISCAN-Fadia continuous tumor growth model for breast cancer. … Number of cancers diagnosed is higher in B50–74 vs.

53. Final Recommendation Statement: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/breast-cancer-screening
    April 30, 2024 - receptor–negative [PR–], and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative [HER2–]), which are more aggressive tumors … detection or in tumor characteristics (tumor size, histologic grade, or node status) when comparing … The risk of a stage IIB or higher cancer diagnosis and of having a tumor with less favorable prognostic … cancer features such as tumor size, node positivity status, or histologic grade when comparing annual … Interval breast cancer rates and tumor characteristics in the prospective population-based Malmö breast

54. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary46/skin-cancer-screening-2009
    February 15, 2009 - with whole-body examination by primary care clinicians or by self-examination accurately detect skin cancers … with whole-body examination by primary care clinicians or by self-examination accurately detect skin cancers … We used terms skin neoplasms, squamous cell neoplasms, basal cell neoplasms, melanoma , and mass screening … on case patients ( n = 650) in Berwick and colleagues' study 7 were obtained from the Connecticut Tumor … with whole-body examination by primary care clinicians or by self-examination accurately detect skin cancers

55. Archived: Risk Factors and Other Epidemiologic Considerations for Cervical Cancer Screening: A Narrative Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/risk-factors-and-other-epidemiologic-considerations-for-cervical-cancer-screening-a-narrative-review-for-the-us-preventive-services-task-force/cervical-cancer-screening-2012
    October 15, 2011 - ICC up to age 30 years 47 ; however, there was still uncertainty about its effect on advanced-stage tumors … There was no difference in the aggressiveness of invasive cancers in older women. … Risk of cervical and other cancers after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: retrospective … Surveillance of screening-detected cancers (colon and rectum, breast, and cervix) — United States, 2004 … Natural history of cervical neoplasia and risk of invasive cancer in women with cervical intraepithelial

56. Archived: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening-2003
    January 07, 2003 - The majority of cervical cancers in the United States occur in women who have never been screened or … of cytological screening after total hysterectomy for benign disease (e.g., no evidence of cervical neoplasia … or DES exposure due to increased risk for vaginal neoplasms, but data on the yield of such screening … American Cancer Society Guideline for the Early Detection of Cervical Neoplasia and Cancer. … Trends in cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in Iceland through 1995: evaluation of targeted age groups

57. Colorectal Cancer Screening: An Updated Modeling Study for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/473PPVwoRhapCkN9SC-rue
    May 18, 2021 - small number of cancers detected in screening studies. … that are not the target of colorectal cancer screening (eg, carcinoid tumors). … Accuracy of CT colonography for detection of large adenomas and cancers. … Contributions of adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors to early-onset colorectal cancer incidence rates … Prevalence of advanced, precancerous colorectal neoplasms in black and white populations: a systematic

58. Screening for Prostate Cancer: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vCzPVrVJfgFWfpWRdEHMKQ
    July 01, 2012 - detected by PSA screening have a tumor that either will not progress or will progress so slowly that … On the basis of PSA level, Gleason score, and tumor stage, approximately 43% had low-risk tumors, 36% … had intermediate-risk tumors, and 21% had high-risk tumors. … The 10-year prostate cancer mortality rate for well- or moderately differentiated tumors among men aged … The frequency of carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the prostate in young male patients.

59. Evidence Summary: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary14/lung-cancer-screening
    March 09, 2021 - Lung-RADS category 4X: does it improve prediction of malignancy in subsolid nodules? … Extrapulmonary findings and malignancies in participants screened with chest CT in the National Lung … harms Estimates were not provided for lifetime risk of radiation-induced cancers or fatal cancers … across studies (range, 20%-80%) and by subgroups defined by clinical characteristics (eg, operability of tumor … in stage I lung cancers of 19% to 27%, decrease in stage IV lung cancers of 14% to 19% were associated

60. Recommendation: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/bladder-cancer-in-adults-screening
    August 15, 2011 - The stages of bladder cancer include superficial (Ta or T1) and muscle-invasive tumors. … Many superficial tumors (50% to 70%) will recur after treatment, with a 10% to 20% risk for the tumor … One fourth of all cases of bladder cancer and 20% to 40% of all invasive tumors have already metastasized … Treatment Once bladder cancer has been diagnosed, several factors determine treatment, including tumor … grade, cancer stage (superficial vs. invasive), whether the tumor is recurrent, the patient's age and