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141. Recommendation: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening
     August 21, 2018 - cervix and do not have a history of a high-grade precancerous lesion (ie, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia … Efficacy of human papillomavirus testing for the detection of invasive cervical cancers and cervical … intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomised controlled trial. … Human papillomavirus testing for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer … Abbreviations: CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; HPV, human papillomavirus; hrHPV, high-risk

142. Archived: Breast Cancer: Medications for Risk Reduction | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction-2002
     July 08, 2002 - Rationale: The USPSTF found fair evidence that tamoxifen and raloxifene may prevent some breast cancers … that the drug was associated with an approximately 50 percent reduction in the risk for developing new cancers … women enrolled in BCPT, the women in these trials were younger, had more estrogen-receptor-negative cancers … When effective, both raloxifene and tamoxifen were effective only against estrogen receptor-positive tumors … (0.8 cancers/1,000 women taking placebo vs 3.1 cancers/1,000 women taking tamoxifen for a median of

143. Evidence Summary: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/cervical-cancer-screening
     August 21, 2018 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Invasive cervical cancer; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); false-positive … Natural history of cervical neoplasia and risk of invasive cancer in women with cervical intraepithelial … Human papillomavirus testing for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer … Socioeconomic, rural-urban, and racial inequalities in US cancer mortality: part I—all cancers and lung … cancer and part II—colorectal, prostate, breast, and cervical cancers.

144. Archived: Breast Cancer: Medications for Risk Reduction | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/v1-breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction--s
     July 08, 2002 - Rationale: The USPSTF found fair evidence that tamoxifen and raloxifene may prevent some breast cancers … that the drug was associated with an approximately 50 percent reduction in the risk for developing new cancers … women enrolled in BCPT, the women in these trials were younger, had more estrogen-receptor-negative cancers … When effective, both raloxifene and tamoxifen were effective only against estrogen receptor-positive tumors … (0.8 cancers/1,000 women taking placebo vs 3.1 cancers/1,000 women taking tamoxifen for a median of

145. Archived: Final Modeling Report: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-modeling-report/breast-cancer-screening-2009
     November 15, 2009 - Some groups model breast cancer in stages, but 3 (models E, S, and W) use tumor size and tumor growth … Age, estrogen receptor status, and tumor size- or stage-specific treatment have independent effects on … Women with estrogen receptor-negative invasive tumors receive nonhormonal therapy only. … Slow-growing tumors are much more common than fast-growing tumors, and the ratio of slow- to fast-growing … The MISCAN-Fadia continuous tumor growth model for breast cancer.

146. Recommendation: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/ovarian-cancer-screening
     February 13, 2018 - The USPSTF found adequate evidence that screening with transvaginal ultrasound, testing for the serum tumor … risk for developing cancers or can cause earlier onset of cancers. … with a different constellation of associated cancers and family history pattern. 3-5 Women with a family … Ovarian Cancers: Evolving Paradigms in Research and Care . … Genetics of Breast and Gynecologic Cancers (PDQ®)–health professional version.

147. Screening for Skin Cancer: Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/j-FyHoTDHNJu_qmotFzJq3
     February 15, 2001 - , or squamous cell skin cancer. … (“A,” “B,” “C,” “D”), or rapidly changing lesions are features associated with an increased risk of malignancy … from melanoma, but early de- tection and treatment may reduce morbidity and dis- figurement from these cancers … No studies were found that evaluated whether screening improves the out- comes of these cancers. … American Cancer Society. Melanoma: detection and symptoms.

148. Overview of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vTHBrY6VuqjoouJvUmtkr4
     May 01, 2018 - treatment of screen-detected tumors. … We used the following keywords: prostate cancer/neoplasms, PSA, mass screening, model, microsimulation … by CISNET as “computer models that operate at the level of individuals or smaller entities such as tumors … on age, PSA, or stage/grade of tumor). … Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG-4) trial, which was not conducted in men with screen-detected cancers.

149. Final Research Plan: Thyroid Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan144/thyroid-cancer-screening
     April 23, 2015 - WhatsApp Share to Email Print Final Research Plan Thyroid Cancer … What are the harms of screening for thyroid cancer (either as a single application or in a screening … What are the harms of treatment of screen-detected thyroid cancer? … genetic syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type II, as selection criteria for studies … treatment, including overdiagnosis, * diagnostic tests, overtreatment, ** psychosocial harms, secondary malignancies

150. Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening for Breast Cancer (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/files/breast-cancer/Breast_Cancer_DRS_News_Bulletin.pdf
     June 05, 2023 - Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening for Breast Cancer Science now shows … Learn more here Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the second most common cause of … cancer death for women in the United States. … cancers at younger ages. … This draft recommendation applies to women at average risk of breast cancer.

151. Modeling Report: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/modeling-report/lung-cancer-screening
     July 30, 2013 - compared with the stage-specific survival if the same tumor had been diagnosed clinically, later in … curative treatment fails, the survival of the patient will equal the survival in the case in which the tumor … Model F estimates cure rates that depend on sex, tumor stage, and histology. … For detected cancers in Model U, time to death from lung cancer is based on survival models that define … Model S estimates the probability of lethal metastases as a function of tumor size, histology, and sex

152. Draft Recommendation: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/lung-cancer-screening1
     July 07, 2020 - Use of risk prediction models also leads to an increase in the rate of overdiagnosed lung cancers, as … overdiagnosed cancers are more common in older individuals. 11 It is possible that the use of a more … (i.e., potentially overdiagnosed cancers) are influenced by the duration of followup. … . 8 The Italian Lung Cancer Screening Trial (ITALUNG) reported a similar number of lung cancers in the … from radiation of 10 annual LDCT scans was 2.6 to 8.1 major cancers per 10,000 persons screened. 32

153. Draft Research Plan: Lynch Syndrome-Related Cancer in Adults: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/lynch-syndrome-related-cancer-adults-risk-assessment-genetic-counseling-testing
     February 02, 2023 - Print in progress Draft Research Plan Lynch Syndrome-Related Cancer … Does genetic counseling (related to genetic testing for Lynch syndrome–related cancer) improve patient … undergoing tumor testing (e.g., for microsatellite instability that, if abnormal, would lead to genetic … are applicable to primary care, such as the PREMM5 (and previous iterations of PREMM) or other brief cancer … prophylactic surgery All KQs: No assessment; other assessment and testing modalities; and testing of tumors

154. Overdiagnosis in Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KT7vaWK_JSDNNvEmUAjN8d
     May 01, 2018 - by CISNET as “computer models that operate at the level of individuals or smaller entities such as tumors … consists of tumor onset, time from tumor onset to diagnosis (i.e., sojourn times), and sensitivity … 3 natural history states (healthy, preclinical, clinical) Does not specify stage or grade of tumor … Sensitivity of screening test in an increasing function of time since tumor onset Mechanism … Lifetime Risk of Overdiagnosis (Overdiagnosed Cancer as a Proportion of Screen-Detected Cancers) by Screening

155. Overview of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16813/prostate-cancer-models-overview/pdf
     May 01, 2018 - treatment of screen-detected tumors. … We used the following keywords: prostate cancer/neoplasms, PSA, mass screening, model, microsimulation … by CISNET as “computer models that operate at the level of individuals or smaller entities such as tumors … on age, PSA, or stage/grade of tumor). … Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG-4) trial, which was not conducted in men with screen-detected cancers.

156. Archived: Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Counseling, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/skin-cancer-counseling-2003
     October 06, 2003 - A large primary tumor (>2 cm) is associated with an increased risk of metastasis. … To find controlled trials of counseling (question 6), we searched MEDLINE® using the terms "skin neoplasms … In this study, 650 incident cases of melanoma in 1987-1989 were identified through the Connecticut Tumor … Good No difference in the incidence of first cancers. … Sunscreen reduced the total incidence of squamous cell cancers but not basal cell cancers.

157. Final Research Plan: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan104/skin-cancer-screening
     July 17, 2014 - from skin cancer. … Key question 4 addresses whether skin cancer screening leads to earlier detection of skin cancer tumors … , specifically either an earlier stage tumor or one with less thickness. … Does visual screening for skin cancer lead to earlier detection of skin cancer compared with usual care … What is the association between earlier detection of skin cancer and skin cancer morbidity and mortality

158. Archived: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening-2012
     March 15, 2012 - cervix and who do not have a history of a high-grade precancerous lesion (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia … Efficacy of human papillomavirus testing for the detection of invasive cervical cancers and cervical … intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomised controlled trial. … Human papillomavirus DNA testing for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and … Human papillomavirus testing for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer

159. Archived: Evidence Summary: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary43/prostate-cancer-screening-2012
     October 07, 2011 - prostate cancers are localized 6 , 7 , 13 . … It did not specifically enroll men with screening-detected prostate cancer, and about 75% of cancers … Over three quarters of men with localized prostate cancer (about 90% of screening-detected cancers are … : HR, 1.8 (CI, 1.6–2.1) Poorly differentiated tumors: HR, 1.1 (CI, 1.0–1.3) 4729/39,767 (rate … : HR, 1.2 (CI, 1.1–1.2) Poorly differentiated tumors: HR, 1.0 (CI, 1.0–1.1) Zhou et al,

160. Archived: Breast Cancer: Screening, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-screening-2002
     September 03, 2002 - Email Print archived Final Recommendation Statement Breast Cancer … has been replaced by the following: Breast Cancer … Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002 recommendations on screening for breast cancer. … Women who are at increased risk for breast cancer (e.g., those with a family history of breast cancer … recommend annual mammography based on the lower sensitivity of the test and on evidence that tumors