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101. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Seeks Comments on Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening for Thyroid Cancer (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/thyroid-screening-bulletin.pdf
     November 22, 2016 - Preventive Services Task Force Seeks Comments on Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening for Thyroid Cancer … There are different types of thyroid cancer, but overall it is rare in the United States. … 3.8 percent of all new cancers. … “People who are treated for small or slow-growing tumors are exposed to risks from surgery or radiation … , but do not receive any benefit because the tumors are unlikely to affect the person’s health during

102. Archived: Evidence Summary: Screening for Breast Cancer: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-screening-for-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-screening-january-2016
     January 11, 2016 - defined by stage and tumor size). … Committee on Cancer TNM system based on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastasis … one study. 82 A randomized trial of annual versus triennial screening indicated detection of more tumors … Third, studies used heterogeneous definitions for advanced breast cancer that did not consider tumor … size >20 mm: 22% vs. 24% OR (for 2-y interval vs. 1-y interval Late stage for invasive cancers

103. Collaborative Modeling of U.S. Breast Cancer Screening Strategies (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nmcMhEwWT9BncBBBQQN6Uf
     December 01, 2015 - of breast cancer is modeled as a continuously growing tumor. … Each tumor has a size (the fatal diameter, which differs between tumors) at which diagnosis and treatment … Variation between tumors is modeled by probability distributions of tumor growth, threshold diameter … The MISCAN-Fadia continuous tumor growth model for breast cancer. … Number of cancers diagnosed is higher in B50–74 vs.

104. Archived: Ovarian Cancer: Screening, May 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/ovarian-cancer-screening-2004
     May 04, 2004 - cohort studies using transvaginal ultrasound screening reported that 59 percent to 65 percent of ovarian cancers … were diagnosed in Stage I. 10 , 11 However, there is no evidence that detecting earlier-stage tumors … earlier treatment leads to a 40 percent mortality reduction) would yield a maximum of 4 additional cancers … American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2003 . … Invasive epithelial ovarian cancers in white women. Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group.

105. Archived: Breast and Ovarian Cancer: BRCA Genetic Testing, September 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer--brca-testing-ovarian-cancer-screeni
     September 15, 2005 - for ovarian cancer. … mutations, possibly because women with BRCA1 mutations had predominantly estrogen receptor-negative tumors … Anglian Breast Cancer Study Group. Br J Cancer 2000;83:1301-8. … Australian Breast Cancer Family Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999;8:741-7. … Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Cancer Genetics Studies Consortium.

106. Archived: Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/skin-cancer-screening-july-2016
     July 26, 2016 - nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) (ie, basal cell and squamous cell cancers) or melanoma skin cancer. … Although NMSC represents more than 97% of skin cancers, 1 melanoma skin cancer is the primary public … 1.01 to 2.00 mm, 4.69 (95% CI, 4.24–5.02) for tumors 2.01 to 4.00 mm, and 5.71 (95% CI, 5.10–6.39) for … tumors larger than 4.00 mm. … rather than earlier detection of invasive tumors, in the absence of changes in mortality. 30 , 31

107. Colorectal Cancer Screening: An Updated Modeling Study for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/473PPVwoRhapCkN9SC-rue
     May 18, 2021 - small number of cancers detected in screening studies. … that are not the target of colorectal cancer screening (eg, carcinoid tumors). … Accuracy of CT colonography for detection of large adenomas and cancers. … Contributions of adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors to early-onset colorectal cancer incidence rates … Prevalence of advanced, precancerous colorectal neoplasms in black and white populations: a systematic

108. Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MnkNvteY4Yg_8Jut4SayVN
     July 02, 2002 - recommendation The USPSTF found fair evidence that tamoxifen and raloxifene may prevent some breast cancers … average, treating such women with tamoxifen for 5 years would prevent about 3 times as many invasive cancers … women enrolled in BCPT, the women in these trials were younger, had more estrogen-receptor-negative cancers … When effective, both raloxifene and tamoxifen were effective only against estrogen receptor-positive tumors … (0.8 cancers/1,000 women taking placebo vs 3.1 cancers/1,000 women taking tamoxifen for a median of

109. Collaborative Modeling of U.S. Breast Cancer Screening Strategies (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16255/collabmodelingbc/pdf
     December 01, 2015 - of breast cancer is modeled as a continuously growing tumor. … Each tumor has a size (the fatal diameter, which differs between tumors) at which diagnosis and treatment … Variation between tumors is modeled by probability distributions of tumor growth, threshold diameter … The MISCAN-Fadia continuous tumor growth model for breast cancer. … Number of cancers diagnosed is higher in B50–74 vs.

110. Screening for Breast Cancer (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Fbj5RkuC7VEsKFULEsfwUg
     January 01, 2016 - What is breast cancer? Breast cancer is cancer that occurs in the cells of the breast. … cancer. … Facts about Breast Cancer Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. … more difficult to “see” on a mammogram, which makes it harder to find and accurately identify breast cancers … Click Here to Learn More About Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Screening Breast Cancer (National

111. Recommendation: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening
     March 09, 2021 - Risk prediction models also were associated with increased the number of over diagnosed lung cancers, … Initially, the NLST reported 119 additional lung cancers (1060 total cancers with LDCT vs 941 with chest … (344 cancers in the LDCT group vs 304 in the control group) were reported in the LDCT group after the … being over diagnosed lung cancers vs 6.0% lung cancers being overdiagnoses with the 2021 screening program … Extrapulmonary findings and malignancies in participants screened with chest CT in the National Lung

112. Screening for Ovarian Cancer - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/za7BqXMwT8BMz4Z_ygrvKm
     May 01, 2004 - Two large cohort studies using transvaginal ultrasound screening reported that 59% to 65% of ovarian cancers … were diagnosed in Stage I.11,12 However, there is no evidence that detecting earlier-stage tumors through … assumption that earlier treatment leads to a 40% mortality reduction) would yield a maximum of 4 additional cancers … American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2003. … Invasive epithelial ovarian cancers in white women. Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group.

113. Modeling Study: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/modeling-study/breast-cancer-screening
     April 30, 2024 - cycles). 43-46 Based on published data, treatment benefit was therefore reduced by 28% for ER-negative tumors … Underlying incidence in the absence of screening and the proportion of tumors that were nonprogressive … Racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer survival: mediating effect of tumor characteristics and … for screening-detected and interval cancers. … 49, 50-64, 65-74, 75-89 y), screening round/interval (first, annual, biennial) for screen-detected cancers

114. Screening for Skin Cancer: An Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LgBN7_z7hqynt6BRzUUYA-
     February 01, 2009 - The majority of skin cancer is nonmelanoma cancer, either basal cell cancer or squamous cell cancer. … The majority of skin cancer is nonmelanoma cancer, either basal cell cancer or squamous cell cancer … cell cancer (5). … We used the terms skin neoplasms, squamous cell neo­ plasms, basal cell neoplasms, melanoma, and mass … whole-body examination by primary care clinicians or by self-examination accurately detect skin cancers

115. Screening for oral cancer literature surveillance report 2023 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/kBouKdKBx6XdvyT6Mej8w4
     September 01, 2023 - Screening for oral cancer literature surveillance report 2023 1 U.S. … Non-Invasive Early Detection of Oral Cancers Using Fluorescence Visualization with Optical Instruments … Cancers. 2020;12(10):27. PMID: 32992486. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102771. 13. … A Study of Toluidine Blue Staining in Suspected Oral Malignancies in Patients Presenting to Tertiary … Salivary High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA as a Biomarker for HPV-Driven Head and Neck Cancers

116. Archived: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer and CVD: Counseling and Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-and-cvd-counseling-and-preventive-medication
     June 15, 2003 - have generally shown no significant associations between use of vitamin C supplements and the risk for cancers … but may have a beneficial impact on prostate cancer. 14 Because prostate cancer was not a primary endpoint … The Effect of Vitamin E and beta-carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers … Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta-carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms … Cancer 1999;86:1783-92. Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, et al.

117. Archived: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer and CVD: Counseling and Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-and-cvd-counseling-and-preventive-medication-2003
     June 15, 2003 - have generally shown no significant associations between use of vitamin C supplements and the risk for cancers … but may have a beneficial impact on prostate cancer. 14 Because prostate cancer was not a primary endpoint … The Effect of Vitamin E and beta-carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers … Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta-carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms … Cancer 1999;86:1783-92. Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, et al.

118. Screening for Skin Cancer in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8dzfZ_s3tZueoEh5Xzh-3A
     July 26, 2016 - S kin cancer is among the most common cancers in men andwomen in the United States,1 and classified as … either non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) (ie, basal cell and squamous cell cancers) or melanoma skin cancer … Although NMSC represents more than 97% of skin cancers,1 melanoma skin cancer is the pri- mary public … 1.01 to 2.00 mm, 4.69 (95% CI, 4.24-5.02) for tumors 2.01 to 4.00 mm, and 5.71 (95% CI, 5.10-6.39) for … tumors larger than 4.00 mm.

119. Archived: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/bladder-cancer-screening-2004
     June 07, 2004 - Email Print archived Final Recommendation Statement Bladder Cancer … screening would be small, at best, for the following reasons: there is fair evidence that many of the cancers … tests—such as microscopic urinalysis, urine dipstick, urine cytology, or such new tests as bladder tumor … antigen (BTA) or nuclear matrix protein (NMP22) immunoassay—can detect bladder cancers that are clinically … Smoking increases the risk for bladder cancer; about 50% of all cases of bladder cancer occur in current

120. Screening for Breast Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pth_4-Mnau_pZubaefDvUk
     January 01, 2020 - Most of the additional cancer detected by these methods are inva- sive tumors rather than ductal carcinoma … Although adjunctive screening may de- tect more breast cancer, these cancers may fall into 1 of 3 categories … (that is, cancer with adverse histologic features, such as poorly differentiated tumors and triple-negative … , but the tumor does not go on to behave as expected based on its appearance. … the tumor stops progressing at an early invasive stage.