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1. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review78/ovarian-cancer-screening-2012
   April 15, 2012 - has the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic malignancies, and was the fifth leading cause of cancer … Ovarian cancer is a frequently fatal malignancy; in 2008, there were an estimated 15,520 deaths in the … The positive predictive value (PPV) of TVU was 1.6 percent for any neoplasm, and 1.0 percent if tumors … (15 invasive cancer cases and one tumor of low malignant potential). … or benign neoplasms 10 .

2. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: Evidence Update for the USPTF Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/fNXdu3HGvWE-ovsuhNeANW
   April 01, 2012 - Abstract Background: Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic malignancies … leading cause of cancer death. 1 Ovarian cancer is a frequently fatal malignancy; in 2008, there … The positive predictive value (PPV) of TVU was 1.6 percent for any neoplasm, and 1.0 percent if tumors … (15 invasive cancer cases and one tumor of low malignant potential). … or benign neoplasms. 10 The main gap in our knowledge that is key to making the case for screening

3. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: Review (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/cTa7Hs56-yj4kCr7yXLdRm
   July 01, 1994 - - ian tumors defines various tumor types on the basis of Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:124-132. … Common epithelial tumors account for 90% of all ovarian malignancies (8). … A subgroup of epi- thelial neoplasms, termed "borderline tumors" or "cyst- adenomas of low malignant … Sonographic patterns of ovarian tumors: prediction of malignancy. … cancers.

4. Archived: Routine Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer: Update of the Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials 1999-2002*: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer and CVD: Counseling and Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/routine-vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-update-of-the-evidence-from-randomized-controlled-trials-19992002/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-and-cvd-counseling-and-preventive-medication-2003
   June 15, 2003 - Incidence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and number of tumors among subjects with … Cases of malignant neoplasms excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer; lung cancer; malignant cancer mortality … Any malignant neoplasm except non-melanoma skin, primary-lung cancer. … Primary-lung cancer incidence and mortality; secondary-cancers other than lung cancer. 29,133 subjects … Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta-carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms

5. Screening for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/CPCr9xB4m5UcxxoN_WuUQt
   August 01, 2019 - Other exocrine tumors include solid- pseudopapillary neoplasm (<1%), acinar cell carcinoma (<1%), pancreatoblastoma … Typically, resectable tumors include those where the tumor has not grown large enough to invade any … Mucinous Neoplasm. … The prevalence of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in pancreata with uncommon types of primary neoplasms … Neoplasm in a Referral Center.

6. Screening for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/17045/pancreatic-cancer-screening-final-evidence-review/pdf
   August 01, 2019 - Other exocrine tumors include solid- pseudopapillary neoplasm (<1%), acinar cell carcinoma (<1%), pancreatoblastoma … Typically, resectable tumors include those where the tumor has not grown large enough to invade any … Mucinous Neoplasm. … The prevalence of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in pancreata with uncommon types of primary neoplasms … Neoplasm in a Referral Center.

7. Routine Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer: Update of the Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials 1999–2002 (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dKPBY-h5PbactdPHgVHbz_
   June 01, 2003 - Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta-carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms … The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers … Incidence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and number of tumors among subjects with … Cases of malignant neoplasms excluding nonmelanoma skin CA; lung CA; malignant CA mortality; cardiovascular … Any malignant neoplasm except non- melanoma skin CA, primary-lung CA.

8. Archived: Testicular Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/testicular-cancer-screening-1996
   January 01, 1996 - in asymptomatic persons is limited to a small number of case reports. 14 Tumor markers, including … urologists, radiographic studies, or invasive procedures (e.g., biopsy or inguinal exploration) before malignancy … Common errors occurring in the diagnosis of testicular neoplasms and the effect of these errors on prognosis … Testicular tumors: delay in diagnosis and influence on survival. … Serum markers in testicular germ-cell neoplasms.

9. Archived: Colorectal Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening-1996
   January 01, 1996 - FOBT can also miss small adenomas and colorectal malignancies that bleed intermittently or not at all … Distribution of colorectal neoplasms. A left-to-right shift of polyps and cancer. … Screening for colon malignancy with colonoscopy. … Large colonoscopic neoplasms missed by endoscopy. … The incidence of benign and malignant neoplasms of the colon and rectum: a postmortem study.

10. Archived: Pancreatic Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/pancreatic-cancer-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - diagnosis.[[1,1a] Of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, which account for more than 90% of all pancreatic neoplasms … Most persons with pancreatic malignancy have elevated levels of certain serologic markers such as CA19 … given a positive screening test to be 0.5% only one of the four cancers discovered could be curably … A clinical evaluation of various tumor markers for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. … Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group.

11. Screening for Bladder Cancer: A Brief Evidence Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/NZcLsqV-5K7hyfot-qHQp9
    November 01, 2004 - We performed a separate search for 2 new bladder tumor markers, NMP22 (nuclear matrix protein 22) and … BTA (bladder tumor antigen). … We used tumor markers, sensitivity and specificity, and antigens, neoplasm as “exploded” MeSH terms and … Among 7 men with well-differentiated tumors, none progressed to muscle-invasive disease after 7 years … Since these cancers may or 2 Screening for Bladder Cancer: Brief Evidence Update 3 Screening for

12. Archived: Thyroid Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/thyroid-cancer-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - , which comprises about 10% of all thyroid malignancies, is inherited in one fourth of cases as part … any thyroid disease (compared to examination at surgery for hyperparathyroidism), and 4 of 6 thyroid tumors … given detection of any nodular disease was only 3%, but the likelihood of malignancy among patients … was detected by screening (98%) when compared with those presenting with symptoms (90%). 18 Cancers … Thyroid neoplasia following low-dose radiation in childhood.

13. Archived: Brief Evidence Summary: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/brief-evidence-summary/bladder-cancer-screening-2004
    June 07, 2004 - We combined "bladder neoplasms" separately with "mass screening," which yielded 28 citations, and with … We performed a separate search for 2 new bladder tumor markers, NMP22 (nuclear matrix protein 22) and … BTA (bladder tumor antigen). … We used "tumor markers," "sensitivity and specificity," and "antigens, neoplasm" as "exploded" MeSH® … Among 7 men with well-differentiated tumors, none progressed to muscle-invasive disease after 7 years

14. Recommendation: Pancreatic Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/pancreatic-cancer-screening
    August 06, 2019 - (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, or both), and 5 had … neuroendocrine tumors, liver hyperplasia, or a benign serous cystadenoma. 12 Because the risk of progression … Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia is common, and most cases do not progress to cancer. … Consensus Guidelines criteria for the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the … cancers in the United States.

15. Archived: Ovarian Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/ovarian-cancer-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - cancer appear to be more effective in reducing the size of residual tumor when ovarian cancer is detected … invasive procedures (laparoscopy or laparotomy) to rule out malignancy. … Invasive epithelial ovarian cancers in white women. Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group. … Detection of malignant ovarian neoplasm[s]: a review of the literature. 1. … Elevated serum CA 125 levels prior to diagnosis of ovarian cancer neoplasia: relevance for early detection

16. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: An Updated Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2sssC_CV4u5DY_rgjC-FMd
    February 01, 2018 - .6, 7 Type I ovarian cancers tend to be early stage low grade tumors that generally arise through a … of the visible tumor as possible. … U/mL Definition of cancer Primary outcome: Malignant neoplasms of the ovary including epithelial … and nonepithelial ovarian cancer and malignant neoplasms of the fallopian tube† and undesignated … malignancies of the ovaries, fallopian tube, or peritoneum Secondary outcome: Ovarian (as defined

17. Evidence Summary: Thyroid Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/thyroid-cancer-screening
    May 09, 2017 - Thyroid cancer and multiple primary tumors in the SEER cancer registries. … size indicates calculated mean tumor size. … size indicates calculated mean tumor size. … size indicates calculated mean tumor size. … is associated with a small increase in primary second malignancies: approximately 12 to 13 excess cancers

18. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: An Updated Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16768/ovarian-cancer-final-evid-review/pdf
    February 01, 2018 - .6, 7 Type I ovarian cancers tend to be early stage low grade tumors that generally arise through a … of the visible tumor as possible. … U/mL Definition of cancer Primary outcome: Malignant neoplasms of the ovary including epithelial … and nonepithelial ovarian cancer and malignant neoplasms of the fallopian tube† and undesignated … malignancies of the ovaries, fallopian tube, or peritoneum Secondary outcome: Ovarian (as defined

19. Archived: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/bladder-cancer-adults-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - full evaluation for hematuria, the positive predictive values (PPV) of serial dipstick screening for malignancy … were well-differentiated, superficial lesions with a good prognosis. 19 Rapid tests based on other tumor … screening studies cited above, all 26 cases of bladder cancer detected by screening were early tumors … detection significantly improves the prognosis for the small minority of patients found to have urologic malignancies … Three-year follow-up of bladder tumors tumours found on screening.

20. Archived: Prostate Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/prostate-cancer-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - can produce false-positive results about 25% of men with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and no malignancy … A large proportion of cancers detected by PSA screening may be latent cancers, indolent tumors that are … cancers but only 53% for nonaggressive cancers (i.e., small, well-differentiated tumors), suggesting … Prostate cancer has a complex biology with many unanswered questions about heterogeneity, tumor-host … The frequency of carcinoma [and intraepithelial neoplasia] of the prostate in young male patients.