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81. Head-Neck-Cancer-Update Consumer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/head-neck-cancer-update_consumer.pdf
    August 01, 2015 - � Radiation therapy: High-energy radiation beams are used to kill cancer cells in and around the tumor … Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation beams to kill cancer cells in and around a tumor. … � It can shrink tumors, reduce some symptoms, and relieve pain. … that hits healthy tissues around the tumor. … The goal is to: � Target the tumor with the right amount (dose) of radiation � Limit the radiation

82. Bladder-Cancer-Non-Muscle-Invasive Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/bladder-cancer-non-muscle-invasive_executive.pdf
    October 01, 2015 - These include the stage of the cancer, tumor grade (higher grade tumors are more likely to recur and … progress), whether the tumor is an initial tumor or a recurrence, number and size of tumors, and patient … tumors (SOE: high) … versus smaller tumors (SOE: low) … 1 cm or >2 cm) vs. smaller tumors.

83. Topic Brief: Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/system/files/docs/topic-brief-apbi-breast-cancer.pdf
    August 01, 2022 - patients with early stage breast cancer reduces tumor recurrence and increases survival.4 According … cancer stage, tumor size, tumor margin status, estrogen receptor status, etc. … Comparison of Treatment Costs for Breast Cancer, by Tumor Stage and Type of Service. … syndrome"/ or inflammatory breast neoplasms/ or triple negative breast neoplasms/ or unilateral breast … neoplasms/ (295124) 2 (breast adj5 (cancer* or carcinoma* or invasive or malignan* or noninvasive or

84. Prostate-Cancer-Test Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-test_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - leading cause of cancer deaths in men in the United States.1,2 Most patients have slow-growing tumors … lifetime risk of dying from the disease is only 3 percent.1,3,5 However, some patients have aggressive tumors … effectiveness of using PCA3 testing alone, or in combination with the standard prognostic workup (e.g., tumor … PCA3 score before radical prostatectomy predicts extracapsular extension and tumor volume. … PCA3 molecular urine assay correlates with prostate cancer tumor volume: implication in selecting candidates

85. Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/health-topics/cancer?page=1

86. Imaging Techniques for the Surveillance, Diagnosis, and Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/liver-cancer/research-protocol/

87. Local Therapies for Unresectable Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Comparative Effectiveness Review | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/liver-cancer-therapy/research-protocol
    March 20, 2012 - Unlike most solid tumors, the future incidence of and mortality rate due to HCC are projected to increase … using the following string of search terms: "Carcinoma, Hepatocellular"[Mesh] OR (hepatocellular AND (neoplasm … * OR cancer OR cancers OR carcinoma)) AND Unresectable OR nonresectable OR inoperable OR irresectable … comparative studies, and case series by using the following string of search terms: hepatocellular AND (neoplasm … * OR cancer OR cancers OR carcinoma) AND (unresectable OR nonresectable OR inoperable OR irresectable

88. Imaging Techniques for Treatment Evaluation for Metastatic Breast Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/breast-cancer-imaging/research-protocol
    December 17, 2013 - stage Comparator Comparison of multiple imaging modalities No comparator None Outcomes Tumor … of Items Found 1 exp Diagnostic Imaging 1737346 2 exp Breast Neoplasms/dh, dt, pc, rt, su, … Diet Therapy, Drug Therapy, Prevention & Control, Radiotherapy, Surgery, Therapy] 101054 3 exp Neoplasm … survival analysis/ 190795 11 6 or 7 1163519 12 1 and 2 and 5 and 11 632 13 exp *Breast Neoplasms … Type(s) of imaging described Comparator Type(s) of comparators, if any Outcomes measured Tumor

89. Surveillance & Identification of Triggers for Updating Systematic Reviews for the EHC Program (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/head-neck-cancer_surveillance.pdf
    August 01, 2012 - oral or paranasal or para-nasal or nasal or sinus or salivary or parotid).ti,ab. (1428510) 3 (neoplasm … or neoplasms or tumor or tumors or tumour or tumours or cancer or cancers or adenocarcinoma or carcinoma … oral or paranasal or para-nasal or nasal or sinus or salivary or parotid).ti,ab. (1428510) 39 (neoplasm … or neoplasms or tumor or tumors or tumour or tumours or cancer or cancers or adenocarcinoma or carcinoma … or neoplasms or tumor or tumors or tumour or tumours or cancer or cancers or adenocarcinoma or carcinoma

90. Research Protocol: Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/radiation-therapy-brain-metases-protocol.pdf
    October 10, 2019 - studies have shown that prognosis can vary substantially.5-8 Brain metastases occur with a variety of cancers … While treatment for brain metastases from other primary cancers and in pediatric patients is equally … Epidemiology of metastatic brain tumors. … Effect of tumor subtype on survival and the graded prognostic assessment for patients with breast cancer … OR cancer* OR neoplasm* OR carcinoma* OR metastasectomy))) AND (MH "Radiosurgery") OR TI(radiation

91. Breast-Abnormalities-Tests-Update Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-abnormalities-tests-update_executive.pdf
    February 01, 2012 - is one of the most common malignancies of women, with approximately 200,000 new cases diagnosed … every year in the United States.1 Some breast cancers are identified by physical examination (either … Women with readily treatable early-stage cancers who mistakenly get triaged into “return to normal … Prospective sonographic study of 3093 breast tumors. J Ultrasound Med. 1999 May;18(5):363-70. … D galactose-based signal-enhanced color Doppler sonography of breast tumors and tumorlike lesions.

92. Topic Suggestion Description | Effective Health Care Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/get-involved/nominated-topics/comparative-effectiveness-of-ultrasound-us-conventional-computed-tomography-ct-multidetector-computed-tomography-mdct-magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-fludeoxyglucose-positron-emission-tomography-fdg-pet-or-fdg-petct-for-the-pr
    December 27, 2011 - Population at high risk for pancreatic cancer, and patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer who require … Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignant tumor types. … With less than 5% 5-year survival rate, pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers. … by CT (MDCT); PET/CT; endoscopic ultrasound, CT and MR for premalignant or non-invasive intraductal neoplasms … The risk of pancreatic cancer affects the general US population, men and women.

93. 04-E029-1 Summary (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-surveillance_executive.pdf
    December 01, 2011 - The cancer is usually localized, and most tumors have low histological grades and low Gleason scores. … low-risk tumors. … cancer patients with other primary tumors were consistently less likely to die of prostate cancer compared … Tumor grade Three studies reported information on prostate cancer mortality stratified by tumor grade … The two studies reporting on T1/T2 tumors both demonstrated a decrease of T1a/T1b tumors and T2a tumors

94. Oral Contraceptive Use for the Primary Prevention of Ovarian Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/cancer-ovarian-contraceptives/research-protocol
    February 15, 2012 - typically presents at a much later stage than other common cancers. 1 This in turn has led to intense … identified at Stage I may represent a subgroup of less aggressive tumors rather than a necessary first … step in the development of all tumors. … If this is the case, screening, which is more likely to identify slower growing tumors, may have only … of detected cancers: results of the prevalence screen of the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer

95. Data Points 15: Breast Cancer Diagnostic Workup: Prognostic factor testing among older women with ductal carcinoma in situ and early invasive breast cancer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dcis-prognostic-tests_research.pdf
    August 22, 2012 - and higher grade tumors. … The percentage of women with ER+ tumors was similar for the DCIS and invasive cancer groups. … Tumors larger than 1 cm and high-grade tumors were associated with higher rates of HER2 testing except … Treatment targeted to ER+ tumors is very effective for women with invasive cancers and ER testing is … HER2 testing to manage patients with breast cancer or other solid tumors.

96. Data Points 13: Use of Preoperative Breast MRI among older women with ductal carcinoma in situ and locally invasive breast cancer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dcis-mri-utilization_research.pdf
    August 01, 2012 - The typical treatment for both DCIS and early invasive breast cancer is surgical removal of the tumor … Rural refers to counties with fewer than 2,500 people.15 Tumor size: We defined tumor size using the … Use was higher for women with larger or higher grade tumors. … bilateral breast cancers. … In general, women with higher risk DCIS (larger tumor size, higher grade disease, or ER-negative tumors

97. Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer | Effective Health Care Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/accelerated-partial-breast-irradiation/key-questions
    April 14, 2021 - subclinical disease following the surgical removal of tumors. 3 Radiation therapy administered in … patients with early stage breast cancer reduces tumor recurrence and increases survival. 4 , 5 Variations … part of PBI, radiation is delivered to tissue only immediately adjacent to the site of the removed tumor … Consider patient characteristics such as age, breast cancer type, breast cancer stage, tumor size, tumor … WBI Outcomes Breast cancer recurrence, survival, cancer-free survival, quality of life.

98. Decision Support Tools for Screening and Treatment Decisions in Early Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/cancer-decision-support-tools/research-protocol
    November 12, 2013 - Health care consumers with a very strong predisposition to malignancy (e.g., high cancer risk genetic … modified to the correct terminology for CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and any other databases searched: ("Neoplasms … "[Mesh] OR cancer OR cancers OR neoplasm* OR malignan* OR premalignan* OR precancerous OR hypertrophy … before and after”[tiab] or interrupted time*[tiab] or time serie*[tiab] or intervention*[tiab]))) AND (("Neoplasms … "[Mesh] OR cancer OR cancers OR neoplasm* OR malignan* OR premalignan* OR precancerous)) Filters:Publication

99. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-biopsy-executive.pdf
    December 01, 2009 - Layout 1 Background Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy of women, with over 180,000 … However, it is generally acknowledged that early diagnosis and treatment of breast tumors leads to improved … The theoretical cohort of women includes 300 women with malignant tumors and 700 women with benign lesions … Summary of key accuracy findings (Key Question 1) Number of Number of Number of malignancies invasive … missed Risk of expected per cancers cancers malignancy 1,000 biopsy expected per Strength of expected

100. Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-therapies-update_clinician.pdf
     January 01, 2016 - includes tumors confined to the prostate (T1–T2) and tumors with extracapsular extension but without … be influenced by factors such as patient age and health at the time of diagnosis, life expectancy, tumor … therapy (e.g., androgen deprivation therapy [ADT]) Interstitial brachytherapy: a strategy whereby tumor … –� Recommended treatment options based on the patient’s age, health status, life expectancy, and tumor … stage –� The potential for tumor eradication with treatment –� Available evidence for the efficacy and