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41. Executive Summary_Blood-Based Tests for Multiple Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cell-free-dna-executive-summary.pdf
    May 01, 2025 - Multi- cancer early detection test sensitivity for cancers with and without current population- level … Neoplasia. Dec 2023;46:100941. doi:10.1016/j.neo.2023.100941 12. … Integrative modeling of tumor genomes and epigenomes for enhanced cancer diagnosis by cell-free DNA … TOTEM: a multi-cancer detection and localization approach using circulating tumor DNA methylation … Prospective validation study: a non-invasive circulating tumor DNA-based assay for simultaneous early

42. Bladder-Cancer-Non-Muscle-Invasive Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/bladder-cancer-non-muscle-invasive_executive.pdf
    October 01, 2015 - These include the stage of the cancer, tumor grade (higher grade tumors are more likely to recur and … progress), whether the tumor is an initial tumor or a recurrence, number and size of tumors, and patient … tumors (SOE: high) … versus smaller tumors (SOE: low) … 1 cm or >2 cm) vs. smaller tumors.

43. Lung-Cancer-Nonsurgical-Therapies Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/lung-cancer-nonsurgical-therapies_executive.pdf
    June 01, 2013 - size, and tumor location … ablation, rather than tumor cell kill, allowing for little to no tumor cell repopulation between doses … Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy for primary lung tumors. … A systematic review of radiofrequency ablation for lung tumors. … Image-guided thermal ablation of lung malignancies. Radiology. 2011 Sep;260(3):633-55.

44. breast-cancer-imaging-protocol-131217 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-cancer-imaging_research-protocol.pdf
    December 17, 2013 - assess stage Comparator Comparison of multiple imaging modalities No comparator None Outcomes Tumor … Found 1 exp Diagnostic Imaging 1737346 2 exp Breast Neoplasms/dh, dt, pc, rt, su, th [Diet … Therapy, Drug Therapy, Prevention & Control, Radiotherapy, Surgery, Therapy] 101054 3 exp Neoplasm … exp survival analysis/ 190795 11 6 or 7 1163519 12 1 and 2 and 5 and 11 632 13 exp *Breast Neoplasms … characteristics Type(s) of imaging described Comparator Type(s) of comparators, if any Outcomes measured Tumor

45. Head-Neck-Cancer-Update Consumer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/head-neck-cancer-update_consumer.pdf
    August 01, 2015 - � Radiation therapy: High-energy radiation beams are used to kill cancer cells in and around the tumor … Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation beams to kill cancer cells in and around a tumor. … � It can shrink tumors, reduce some symptoms, and relieve pain. … that hits healthy tissues around the tumor. … The goal is to: � Target the tumor with the right amount (dose) of radiation � Limit the radiation

46. Cancer in Children | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/health-topics/cancer-children

47. Disposition of Comments for Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: An Update of a 2008 Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-therapies-update_disposition-comments.pdf
    December 16, 2014 - PIVOT conducted in the US and primarily involved men with PSA detected tumors. … Nearly 80% of SPCG-4 subjects had T2 (palpable) tumors vs. only about 45% in PIVOT. P 59. … The report focuses only on T1 through T3a cancers. … , Reduces the risk of a second malignant neoplasms (SMN) in prostate patients compared with contemporary … Risk of secondary malignant neoplasms from proton therapy and intensity-modulated x- ray therapy for

48. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/lung-cancer-nonsurgical-therapies_research-protocol.pdf
    February 22, 2012 - and Endobronchial Obstruction Due to Advanced Lung Tumors I. … recurrence, noncancer-related mortality, and second malignancies.2, 3 Malignant Endobronchial Obstruction … Intraoperative seed placement for thoracic malignancy-A review of technique, indications, and published … '/exp OR ('lung neoplasms'/exp OR 'lung cancer'/exp AND ('non- small-cell' OR 'non-small cell' OR 'non … '/exp OR ('lung neoplasms'/exp OR 'lung cancer'/exp AND ('non- small-cell' OR 'non-small cell' OR 'non

49. Prostate-Cancer-Test Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-test_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - leading cause of cancer deaths in men in the United States.1,2 Most patients have slow-growing tumors … lifetime risk of dying from the disease is only 3 percent.1,3,5 However, some patients have aggressive tumors … effectiveness of using PCA3 testing alone, or in combination with the standard prognostic workup (e.g., tumor … PCA3 score before radical prostatectomy predicts extracapsular extension and tumor volume. … PCA3 molecular urine assay correlates with prostate cancer tumor volume: implication in selecting candidates

50. Gastric-Cancers-Supplementary-App-I (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/gastric-cancers-supplementary-app-i.xlsx
    January 01, 2019 - meta-analysis supports existence of effect modification for immunotherapy by PD-L1 status in gastric cancer … Multiple other effect modifiers evaluated. 41436 MAGIC Primary tumor location Yes Overall survival Hazard … Multiple other effect modifiers evaluated. 47286 KEYNOTE-585 Primary tumor location Yes Overall survival … evaluating the correlation between TUBB3 expression and taxane-based chemotherapy for gastric and other cancers … Cut point for dichotomization of unclear clinical relevance. 43481 JACCRO GC-07 Tumor location within

51. Topic Brief: Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/system/files/docs/topic-brief-apbi-breast-cancer.pdf
    August 01, 2022 - patients with early stage breast cancer reduces tumor recurrence and increases survival.4 According … cancer stage, tumor size, tumor margin status, estrogen receptor status, etc. … Comparison of Treatment Costs for Breast Cancer, by Tumor Stage and Type of Service. … syndrome"/ or inflammatory breast neoplasms/ or triple negative breast neoplasms/ or unilateral breast … neoplasms/ (295124) 2 (breast adj5 (cancer* or carcinoma* or invasive or malignan* or noninvasive or

52. Cell-Free-Dna-Appendix-C-Prepub-Final (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cell-free-dna-appendix-c-prepub-final.xlsx
    January 01, 2025 - Neoplasia. 2023 Dec;46:100941. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100941. PMID: 37918207. … Validation cohort ("V") included 82 participants with GI cancers, 11 participants with benign tumors, … The diagnostic performance of the tumor markers for GI cancer screening (analysis 1) and whole-body cancer … Staging per TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors by Union for International Cancer Control, 8th ed. … Both new and recurrent: 1/35 Solid tumors: 19/35 (53%) Hematologic: 17/35 (47%) TP with new cancer:

53. Cell-Free-Dna-Final-App-C (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cell-free-dna-final-app-c.xlsx
    January 01, 2025 - Neoplasia. 2023 Dec;46:100941. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100941. PMID: 37918207. … Validation cohort ("V") included 82 participants with GI cancers, 11 participants with benign tumors, … The diagnostic performance of the tumor markers for GI cancer screening (analysis 1) and whole-body cancer … Staging per TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors by Union for International Cancer Control, 8th ed. … Both new and recurrent: 1/35 Solid tumors: 19/35 (53%) Hematologic: 17/35 (47%) TP with new cancer:

54. Colorectal-Cancer-Liver-Metastases-Therapies Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/colorectal-cancer-liver-metastases-therapies_executive.pdf
    December 01, 2012 - Most colorectal cancers are adenocarcinomas, meaning that they are a cancer of the epithelium originating … Is extended hepatectomy for hepatobiliary malignancy justified? … Extended hepatectomy in patients with hepatobiliary malignancies with and without preoperative portal … HIF1A overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in a cohort of 731 colorectal cancers. … Recommendations for radioembolization of hepatic malignancies using Yttrium-90 microsphere brachytherapy

55. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/colorectal-cancer-liver-metastases-therapies_research-protocol.pdf
    September 27, 2012 - die with hepatic metastases.1 Colorectal cancer is the most common malignancy that metastasizes to … "[Mesh] OR ((hepatic OR liver) AND (cancer OR cancers OR oncology OR neoplasms)) AND "Colorectal Neoplasms … OR cancers OR oncology OR neoplasms AND colon OR colorectal OR rectal OR intestinal OR rectum OR intestine … Is Extended Hepatectomy for Hepatobiliary Malignancy Justified? Ann Surg 2004;239(5):722-32. … Antiangiogenic agents in advanced gastrointestinal malignancies: past, present and a novel future.

56. Surveillance & Identification of Triggers for Updating Systematic Reviews for the EHC Program (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/head-neck-cancer_surveillance.pdf
    August 01, 2012 - oral or paranasal or para-nasal or nasal or sinus or salivary or parotid).ti,ab. (1428510) 3 (neoplasm … or neoplasms or tumor or tumors or tumour or tumours or cancer or cancers or adenocarcinoma or carcinoma … oral or paranasal or para-nasal or nasal or sinus or salivary or parotid).ti,ab. (1428510) 39 (neoplasm … or neoplasms or tumor or tumors or tumour or tumours or cancer or cancers or adenocarcinoma or carcinoma … or neoplasms or tumor or tumors or tumour or tumours or cancer or cancers or adenocarcinoma or carcinoma

57. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cancer-radiation_executive.pdf
    November 01, 2009 - (e.g., lung, prostate, breast) and uncommon cancers (e.g., skull base tumors, uveal melanomas). … survival (e.g., disease-free survival, progression-free survival, tumor response rate, or quality of … Three trials pertained to prostate cancer, whereas the remaining dealt with less common cancers (ocular … melanoma, skull base and brain tumors, and pancreatic cancer). … Especially for many common cancers, such as breast, prostate, lung, and pancreatic cancers, it is essential

58. Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-therapies-update_clinician.pdf
    January 01, 2016 - includes tumors confined to the prostate (T1–T2) and tumors with extracapsular extension but without … be influenced by factors such as patient age and health at the time of diagnosis, life expectancy, tumor … therapy (e.g., androgen deprivation therapy [ADT]) Interstitial brachytherapy: a strategy whereby tumor … –� Recommended treatment options based on the patient’s age, health status, life expectancy, and tumor … stage –� The potential for tumor eradication with treatment –� Available evidence for the efficacy and

59. Research Protocol: Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/radiation-therapy-brain-metases-protocol.pdf
    October 10, 2019 - studies have shown that prognosis can vary substantially.5-8 Brain metastases occur with a variety of cancers … While treatment for brain metastases from other primary cancers and in pediatric patients is equally … Epidemiology of metastatic brain tumors. … Effect of tumor subtype on survival and the graded prognostic assessment for patients with breast cancer … OR cancer* OR neoplasm* OR carcinoma* OR metastasectomy))) AND (MH "Radiosurgery") OR TI(radiation

60. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/colorectal-cancer-screening_research-protocol.pdf
    May 18, 2011 - For advanced neoplasia. … Gastroenterology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Digestive Disease Week, Gastrointestinal Cancers … Molecular detection of colorectal neoplasia. [Review] [107 refs]. … 2 f-dna.ti,ab. 3 sdna.ti,ab. 4 DNA/ 5 DNA Methylation/ 6 DNA Mutational Analysis/ 7 DNA, Neoplasm … Colonic Polyps/ 14 Colonic Neoplasms/ 15 Sigmoid Neoplasms/ 16 Rectal Neoplasms/ 17 Anus Neoplasms