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221. Breast Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/breast-cancer
     January 31, 2023 - Description Breast cancer affects one in eight women during their lives. … No one knows why some women get breast cancer, but there are many risk factors. … Breast self-exams and mammography can help find breast cancer early, when it is most treatable. … Targeted therapy uses substances that attack cancer cells without harming normal cells. … Men can have breast cancer, too, but it is rare.

222. Schwitzer_ECCS2012 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/schwitzer_eccs2012.pdf
     July 23, 2012 - excerpt comes from  an article, “Cancer Society Casts Doubt on Value of Prostate  Cancer Test,”1 … His cancer was removed. His impotence is being managed. … o The lung lesions led to major lung surgery, which detected no malignancy: “I awoke in the recovery … Slide 17: Patient Viewpoints  on Cancer Screening  Controversies  (2 of 2) • “Dr. … too many false positives (suspicious spots that turn  out,  upon  biopsy,  to be nothing) and tumors

223. Disposition of Comments for Local Nonsurgical Therapies for Stage I and Symptomatic Obstructive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/lung-cancer-nonsurgical-therapies_disposition-comments.pdf
     June 12, 2013 - and Endobronchial Obstruction due to Advanced Lung Tumors”. … and Endobronchial Obstruction due to Advanced Lung Tumors”. … The higher BED causes tumor ablation, rather than tumor cell kill, allowing for little to no tumor … and Endobronchial Obstruction due to Advanced Lung Tumors”. … The higher BED causes tumor ablation, rather than tumor cell kill, allowing for little to no tumor

224. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0332_07-29-2010.pdf
     January 01, 2010 - using total PSA without PCA3 Outcome(s): Intermediate outcomes – diagnostic accuracy for detection of tumor … the PCA3 assay differentiate between clinically significant and clinically insignificant prostate cancers … a reduction in cancer-related morbidity or mortality? … Potential for clinically significant prostate cancers to be missed in individuals presumed to be at … )  The burden of prostate cancer is significant.

225. Cancer-Drugs-Utilization-Cost Research (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cancer-drugs-utilization-cost_research.pdf
     January 01, 2011 - advantage plans and Part D prescription drug expenditures).4 Lung, colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers … Please refer to a companion Data Points brief for a detailed presentation of data on the types of cancers … or off-label use in cancer. … American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network. Cancer and Medicare: a chartbook. February 2009. … Novel agents on the horizon for cancer therapy. CA Cancer J Clin 2009;59:111-137. 11.

226. PCA3 Testing for the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-test/research
     December 01, 2019 - Evidence Reports PCA3 Testing for the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer … We observed that: (1) PCA3 is more discriminatory for detecting cancers (i.e., at any sensitivity, the … of prostate cancer. … Project Timeline PCA3 Testing for the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer May 4, 2011 … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-test/research  

227. Disposition of Comments: CER 230 Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-230-prostate-cancer-comments.pdf
     September 17, 2020 - Disposition of Comments: CER 230 Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer Comparative … Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 230. … evidence of comparative effectiveness; (2) little information on outcomes according to patient and tumor … • Peer reviewers requested that more information was provided about tumor risk category such as … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-therapies/report

228. Imaging Tests for the Staging of Colorectal Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/colorectal-cancer-staging/research
     December 01, 2019 - Structured Abstract Objective Colorectal cancer is both the third most common type of cancer and … the third most common cause of cancer-related death for both men and women. … Treatment options for colorectal cancer differ depending on the clinical stage of disease at diagnosis … Results Preoperative staging For preoperative rectal cancer T (tumor) staging, ERUS is more accurate … all have limited sensitivity, and for interim rectal cancer T restaging.

229. Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/hypofractionated-radiation-therapy
     June 01, 2024 - in his lifetime 1 ; prostate cancer is the leading type of cancer among men (age-adjusted incidence … Key statistics for prostate cancer. Accessed December 19, 2023. … https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/about/key-statistics . … Cancer Stat Facts: Prostate Cancer. … Hypofractionation Radiation Therapy for Definitive Treatment of Selected Cancers: A Systematic Review

230. Topic 0502 Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer NSD FINAL_SJ (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND-0587-131115.pdf
     March 06, 2013 - Topic 0502 Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer NSD FINAL_SJ Non-Muscle … cystoscopy, urine cytology, urine-based from Nominator: biomarkers, transurethral resection of bladder tumor … How do tumor characteristics (stage, grade, multiplicity, size, molecular and genetic alterations) … )  About 70% of new bladder cancer cases are classified as NMIBC. … Initial treatment for this stage of bladder cancer usually involves surgical removal of the tumor through

231. Mastectomy | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/mastectomy
     June 18, 2020 - It is usually done to treat breast cancer . … nodes under the arm, and often the lining over the chest muscles Lumpectomy - surgery to remove the tumor … , size of the tumor, size of the breast, and whether the lymph nodes are involved. … Sometimes mastectomy is done to prevent breast cancer. … NIH: National Cancer Institute Source https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html Products

232. Standardized Library of Lung Cancer Outcome Measures (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/white-paper-lung-cancer.pdf
     August 01, 2021 - Harmonized Definitions for Lung Cancer Outcome Measures Appendix B. … Defining a standard set of patient-centered outcomes for lung cancer. … RECIST (Response Evaluation and Criteria in Solid Tumors) Guideline1 definition of Progressive Disease … Eur J Cancer Oxf Engl 1990. 2009 Jan;45(2):228–47. … Harmonized Definitions for Lung Cancer Outcome Measures

233. Topic 0583 Renal Masses and Localized Renal Cancer NSD FINAL (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND-0710-140625.pdf
     January 08, 2014 - Topic 0583 Renal Masses and Localized Renal Cancer NSD FINAL Renal Masses and … occurs when kidney cells become malignant and multiply into a tumor. … , Wilm’s tumor. … The National Cancer Institute (NCI) estimates that in 2013 there were 65,150 new cases of kidney cancer … for renal masses and localized renal cancer.

234. Disposition of Comments_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 245: Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-245-breast-reconstruction-after-mastectomy-disposition-comments.pdf
     October 01, 2021 - Given the rarity of the cancer, this was not unexpected. … Discussion, we emphasized our finding: “Studies eligible for this SR did not address the risk of new neoplasms … The report states that the studies eligible for the review did not address the risk of neoplasms, particularly … Given the rarity of the cancer, this was not unexpected. … Discussion, we emphasized our finding: “Studies eligible for this SR did not address the risk of new neoplasms

235. Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/get-involved/nominated-topics/accelerated-partial-breast-irradiation-cancer
     March 01, 2021 - Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer 1. … 1:8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime. … Additionally, radiation therapy is integral to the treatment of breast cancer. … KQ 2: In patients with early stage breast cancer, what are the differences of ipsilateral breast tumor … KQ 6: In patients with early stage breast cancer, what are the differences in cosmesis and treatment

236. Disposition of Comments for Imaging Tests for the Staging of Colorectal Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/colorectal-cancer-staging_disposition-comments.pdf
     November 20, 2014 - TEP Reviewer 1 Introduction Agree with the general groupings to include all colon and rectal cancers … well as on tumor size and extent, while for rectal cancer imaging of distant metastases is not as important … as is gauging tumor depth and local spread.” … wall, and generally only spreads after complete penetration of the muscularis mucosae, vs. colon cancers … For preoperative rectal cancer T (tumor) staging, ERUS is less likely than CT to incorrectly stage (

237. Cancer Quality-ASSIST Supportive Oncology Quality Indicator Set: Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity Testing | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/cancer-quality-indicator-testing/research
     January 01, 2020 - tumor types and stage IV disease: breast, colorectal, esophagus/stomach, genitourinary, head and neck … cancer (and Stage IIIB for lung cancer) disease in 2003-2005 who died 2-15 months after diagnosis. … Not all common malignancies were well-represented in this study (e.g., breast cancer), and further evaluation … Quality Measures for Supportive Cancer Care: The Cancer Quality-ASSIST Project. … following: hypoxia, anemia, bronchospasm or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pleural effusion, tumor

238. Testing Cancer Quality Measures for End-of-Life Care | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/cancer-end-of-life-quality-meaures/research
     January 01, 2020 - Both cancer registries are population-based and collect data on patient demographics, primary tumor site … Prospective Cohort The goal of the prospective cohort was to identify individuals with these common cancers … to those previously observed by Earle. 8 Because the population in Earle’s study included gastric cancers … Agreement of diagnosis and its date for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors between Medicare claims … Note that GI cancers were dropped in the standardization of the rates because they were not included

239. Gallbladder Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/gallbladder-cancer
     Home Health Topics G Gallbladder Cancer … Cancer of the gallbladder is rare. It is more common in women and Native Americans. … But people with gallstones rarely have gallbladder cancer. … Because it is often found late, it can be hard to treat gallbladder cancer. … NIH: National Cancer Institute Source https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladdercancer.html

240. Vaginal Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/vaginal-cancer
     Home Health Topics V Vaginal Cancer … T U V W X Y Z Health Topics Vaginal Cancer … Description Vaginal cancer is a rare type of cancer. … Vaginal cancer can often be cured in its early stages. … NIH: National Cancer Institute Source https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html