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121. 04-E029-1 Summary (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-surveillance_executive.pdf
     December 01, 2011 - The cancer is usually localized, and most tumors have low histological grades and low Gleason scores. … low-risk tumors. … cancer patients with other primary tumors were consistently less likely to die of prostate cancer compared … Tumor grade Three studies reported information on prostate cancer mortality stratified by tumor grade … The two studies reporting on T1/T2 tumors both demonstrated a decrease of T1a/T1b tumors and T2a tumors

122. PCA3 Testing in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer: Future Research Needs (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-antigen-3-gene_research.pdf
     April 01, 2013 - The prostate cancer antigen-3 gene (PCA3) has recently been found to be overexpressed in prostate cancers … research question would be to determine if the trade-off between reduction in biopsies and missed cancers … and what is learned through the studies in Research Question 2.1 about likely behavior of cancers … Can intermediate outcomes, such as cancer classifications of aggressive or indolent tumors be properly … PCA3 molecular urine assay correlates with prostate cancer tumor volume: implication in selecting candidates

123. Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/improved-cancer-outcomes/research
     May 01, 2024 - Studies were predominately conducted in individuals with gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers, … predominately examined dietary supplements and nutrition support in gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers … supplements), and the route or timing of nutrition interventions for gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers … studies in dietary supplements and nutrition support in gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers, … support, and the route or timing of nutrition interventions within gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers

124. Data Points #14: Use of endocrine therapy following diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ or early invasive breast cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/dcis-endocrine-therapy/research
     December 01, 2019 - For women with early invasive cancers, therapy was highest for women treated with BCS+RT and lowest for … Most breast cancers (about 75%) contain significant numbers of estrogen receptors (this is called estrogen … In these cases, tumor growth is stimulated by the presence of estrogen. … Both act by reducing the amount of estrogen that reaches the tumor. … It appears that while rates of use are higher for women with early invasive cancers than for DCIS, the

125. Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Outcomes (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/improved-cancer-outcomes-protocol_0.pdf
     December 01, 2021 - percent across patient populations.7-9 However, risk of malnutrition varies substantially by patient and tumor … characteristics, including age at diagnosis, tumor type, stage of disease, type of cancer treatment … (such as Head and Neck, Breast, Multiple Cancers, etc.) and report the intervention comparisons and … emia* or melanoma* or myeloma* or neoplasm* or radiotherap* or radiation therap*).ti,ab. … or exp Neoplasms/ or chemoprevention/ or chemoradiotherapy/ or chemoradiotherapy, adjuvant/ or chemotherapy

126. Vulvar Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/vulvar-cancer
     Description Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer. … This is called vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), or dysplasia. … Not all VIN cases turn into cancer, but it is best to treat it early. … Often, vulvar cancer doesn't cause symptoms at first. … Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.

127. Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-therapies-update/clinician
     December 01, 2019 - tumors confined to the prostate (T1–T2) and tumors with extracapsular extension but without spread into … be influenced by factors such as patient age and health at the time of diagnosis, life expectancy, tumor … A strategy that uses very low temperatures to freeze and kill the tumor cells in the prostate … treatment options based on the patient's age, health status, life expectancy, and tumor stage The … potential for tumor eradication with treatment Available evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness

128. Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer: Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/pbi-protocol.pdf
     August 09, 2021 - First, screening mammography has resulted in increased detection of smaller tumors, and in countries … of PBI, such as larger tumor size (2-3 cm), high tumor grade, close margins, human epidermal growth … recurrence (i.e., tumor bed ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence, elsew here ipsilateral breast cancer … Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers … Non-Indexed Citations and Daily 1946 to June 29, 2021 Search Strategy: # Searches 1 exp Breast Neoplasms

129. Data Points 14: Use of Endocrine Therapy (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dcis-endocrine-therapy_research.pdf
     August 01, 2012 - For women with early invasive cancers, therapy was highest for women treated with BCS+RT and lowest … .1 Most breast cancers (about 75%) contain significant numbers of estrogen receptors (this is called … Use was lowest among women with ER- tumors. Use did not vary greatly across tumor size or grade. … For both groups, use was highest among women with ER+ tumors but was similar for women whose tumors … It appears that while rates of use are higher for women with early invasive cancers than for DCIS,

130. Medical Therapies for Locally Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/gastric-cancers-protocol.pdf
     January 01, 2024 - intended to inform primarily medical oncologists, alongside members of multidisciplinary teams and tumor … Recurrent cancer, metastatic cancer, early stage (T1aN0 and T1bN0), stage 4 cancer, GEJ cancer patients … stromal tumors (GIST), neuroendocrine tumors, gastric lymphoma, MALToma, other rare gastric cancers … To reduce clinical heterogeneity, we will analyze studies of patients with resectable tumors or who … * OR carcinoma* OR malignan* OR neoplas* OR tumor* OR tumour*)):ab,ti,kw) 2 'cancer palliative therapy

131. Data Points #13: Use of preoperative MRI among older women with ductal carcinoma in situ and locally invasive breast cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/dcis-mri-utilization/research
     December 01, 2019 - The American Cancer Society estimates that 229,060 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed … DCIS encompasses a wide spectrum of tumors with varying histologic patterns, grades, and sizes. … DCIS has been implicated as a precursor to invasive breast cancer. … The typical treatment for both DCIS and early invasive breast cancer is surgical removal of the tumor … In general, women with higher risk DCIS (larger tumor size, higher grade disease, or ER-negative tumors

132. Medical Therapies for Locally Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/gastric-cancers-protocol-amended.pdf
     February 07, 2025 - Recurrent cancer, metastatic cancer, early stage (T1aN0 and T1bN0), stage 4 cancer, GEJ cancer patients … stromal tumors (GIST), neuroendocrine tumors, gastric lymphoma, MALToma, other rare gastric cancers … To reduce clinical heterogeneity, we will analyze studies of patients with resectable tumors or who … Key Informants https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/gastric-cancers-protocol.pdf … * OR carcinoma* OR malignan* OR neoplas* OR tumor* OR tumour*)):ab,ti,kw) 2 'cancer palliative therapy

133. Data Points #15: Prognostic factor testing among older women with ductal carcinoma in situ and early invasive breast cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/dcis-prognostic-tests/research
     December 01, 2019 - testing rates have increased over time for both ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and early invasive cancers … Rates of BRCA genetic testing are very low (<2%) for both DCIS and early invasive breast cancers. … After tumor removal, some DCIS will recur or progress to invasive cancer. … For invasive breast cancer, specific markers of tumor aggressiveness are used to guide assessment of … We analyzed how testing varied by patient age, tumor size, and tumor grade--all factors known to increase

134. Models of Survivorship Care: Technical Brief | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/cancer-survivor-care-transition/research-protocol
     December 01, 2019 - Survivors"[Mesh] OR survivorship OR survivor Filters: Humans; English 498,795 #10 Search "Neoplasms … uid] 1 #2 Search "Survivors"[Mesh] OR survivorship OR survivor 771137 #3 Search "Neoplasms … #9) 0 #13 Search (#1 AND #9) Schema: all 0 #14 Search (("Survivors"[MAJR] AND "Neoplasms … late effects of treatment, second cancers, and poor quality of life, to provide a knowledge base regarding … optimal followup care and surveillance of cancers, and to optimize health after cancer treatment.

135. Topic Brief: Radiation Therapy for Bone Metastases (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/system/files/docs/topic-brief-radiation-therapy-bone-metastases.pdf
     August 01, 2022 - Which patient characteristics (e.g., age, sex, socioeconomic status, histology of the primary tumor) … Consider patient characteristics (e.g., age, sex, socioeconomic status, histology of the primary tumor … The Role of Palliative Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Spinal Bone Metastases from Head and Neck Tumors-A … Cancers (Basel). 2020 Jul 18;12(7):18. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071950. … Palliative Radiation Therapy for Bone Metastases in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

136. Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/partial-breast-irradiation-disposition-comments.pdf
     January 31, 2023 - Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 259. … • One reviewer suggested changing the terminology “ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR)” to … size, tumor grade) in Appendix Table J subgroup analyses. … The results and discussion sections describe findings of the analysis of tumor size. … state that clinicians can consider treating with 26Gy in 5 fractions using mini-tangents for larger tumors

137. Oral Contraceptive Use for the Primary Prevention of Ovarian Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/cancer-ovarian-contraceptives/research
     December 01, 2019 - June 2012 that evaluated the potential benefits (reduction in ovarian, colorectal, and endometrial cancers … Results We reviewed 55 studies relevant to ovarian cancer outcomes, 66 relevant to other cancers, and … The simulation model predicted that the combined increase in risk of breast and cervical cancers and … although the harm/benefit ratio was much more favorable when protection against endometrial and colorectal cancers … Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast, cervical, colorectal, and endometrial cancers: a systematic

138. Layout 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cancer-anemia_executive.pdf
     May 01, 2006 - (deficiency of red blood cells) occurs in 13-78 percent of patients undergoing treatment for solid tumors … Tumor type, treatment regimen, and history of prior cancer therapy influence the risk and severity of … For example, among patients with solid tumors, the frequency of anemia severe enough to require red blood … cell transfusion is highest for those with lung, gynecologic, and genitourinary tumors. … Whether erythropoietic stimulants accelerate progression of some cancers, as reported by one study (n

139. Head-Neck-Cancer-Update Espanol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/head-neck-cancer-update_espanol.pdf
     April 01, 2016 - cerebral y el cáncer tiroideo no son tipos de cáncer de cabeza y cuello. 1 De acuerdo al National Cancer … información de este resumen proviene del informe actualizado Radiotherapy Treatments for Head and Neck Cancer … 2010 titulado Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Radiation Therapy Treatments for Head and Neck Cancer … Atención Médica; AHRQ, por su sigla en inglés), visite www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/head-neck-cancer … Esta guía fue traducida de la publicación en inglés titulada Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer

140. Executive Summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 259: Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-259-partial-breast-irradiation-executive-summary.pdf
     January 01, 2023 - to draw conclusions regarding differences in IBR or other outcomes according to individual patient, tumor … is the leading cause of global cancer incidence and remains a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide … , defined as a small tumor less than or equal to 3 cm that has minimal or no lymph node involvement … Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers … disease recurrences after breast conservation therapy based on location and histology: new primary tumors