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101. Research Protocol: Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/radiation-therapy-brain-metases-protocol.pdf
     October 10, 2019 - studies have shown that prognosis can vary substantially.5-8 Brain metastases occur with a variety of cancers … While treatment for brain metastases from other primary cancers and in pediatric patients is equally … Epidemiology of metastatic brain tumors. … Effect of tumor subtype on survival and the graded prognostic assessment for patients with breast cancer … OR cancer* OR neoplasm* OR carcinoma* OR metastasectomy))) AND (MH "Radiosurgery") OR TI(radiation

102. Breast-Abnormalities-Tests-Update Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-abnormalities-tests-update_executive.pdf
     February 01, 2012 - is one of the most common malignancies of women, with approximately 200,000 new cases diagnosed … every year in the United States.1 Some breast cancers are identified by physical examination (either … Women with readily treatable early-stage cancers who mistakenly get triaged into “return to normal … Prospective sonographic study of 3093 breast tumors. J Ultrasound Med. 1999 May;18(5):363-70. … D galactose-based signal-enhanced color Doppler sonography of breast tumors and tumorlike lesions.

103. Oral Contraceptive Use for the Primary Prevention of Ovarian Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/cancer-ovarian-contraceptives/research-protocol
     December 01, 2019 - typically presents at a much later stage than other common cancers. 1 This in turn has led to intense … identified at Stage I may represent a subgroup of less aggressive tumors rather than a necessary first … step in the development of all tumors. … If this is the case, screening, which is more likely to identify slower growing tumors, may have only … of detected cancers: results of the prevalence screen of the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer

104. Decision Support Tools for Screening and Treatment Decisions in Early Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/cancer-decision-support-tools/research-protocol
     December 01, 2019 - Health care consumers with a very strong predisposition to malignancy (e.g., high cancer risk genetic … modified to the correct terminology for CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and any other databases searched: ("Neoplasms … "[Mesh] OR cancer OR cancers OR neoplasm* OR malignan* OR premalignan* OR precancerous OR hypertrophy … before and after”[tiab] or interrupted time*[tiab] or time serie*[tiab] or intervention*[tiab]))) AND (("Neoplasms … "[Mesh] OR cancer OR cancers OR neoplasm* OR malignan* OR premalignan* OR precancerous)) Filters:Publication

105. Data Points 15: Breast Cancer Diagnostic Workup: Prognostic factor testing among older women with ductal carcinoma in situ and early invasive breast cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dcis-prognostic-tests_research.pdf
     August 22, 2012 - and higher grade tumors. … The percentage of women with ER+ tumors was similar for the DCIS and invasive cancer groups. … Tumors larger than 1 cm and high-grade tumors were associated with higher rates of HER2 testing except … Treatment targeted to ER+ tumors is very effective for women with invasive cancers and ER testing is … HER2 testing to manage patients with breast cancer or other solid tumors.

106. Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Outcomes | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/improved-cancer-outcomes/protocol
     October 01, 2021 - across patient populations. 7-9 However, risk of malnutrition varies substantially by patient and tumor … characteristics, including age at diagnosis, tumor type, stage of disease, type of cancer treatment, … for cancer-associated malnutrition Subgroups: Cancer and treatment characteristics (cancer type … (such as Head and Neck, Breast, Multiple Cancers, etc.) and report the intervention comparisons and … emia* or melanoma* or myeloma* or neoplasm* or radiotherap* or radiation therap*).ti,ab. or exp Neoplasms

107. Data Points 13: Use of Preoperative Breast MRI among older women with ductal carcinoma in situ and locally invasive breast cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dcis-mri-utilization_research.pdf
     August 01, 2012 - The typical treatment for both DCIS and early invasive breast cancer is surgical removal of the tumor … Rural refers to counties with fewer than 2,500 people.15 Tumor size: We defined tumor size using the … Use was higher for women with larger or higher grade tumors. … bilateral breast cancers. … In general, women with higher risk DCIS (larger tumor size, higher grade disease, or ER-negative tumors

108. Pancreatic Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/pancreatic-cancer
     September 23, 2014 - Pancreatic cancer usually begins in the cells that produce the juices. … pancreatitis Certain hereditary disorders Pancreatic cancer is hard to catch early. … Also, because the pancreas is hidden behind other organs, health care providers cannot see or feel the tumors … Because it is often found late and it spreads quickly, pancreatic cancer can be hard to treat. … Targeted therapy uses substances that attack cancer cells without harming normal cells.

109. Layout 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-biopsy-executive.pdf
     December 01, 2009 - Layout 1 Background Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy of women, with over 180,000 … However, it is generally acknowledged that early diagnosis and treatment of breast tumors leads to improved … The theoretical cohort of women includes 300 women with malignant tumors and 700 women with benign lesions … Summary of key accuracy findings (Key Question 1) Number of Number of Number of malignancies invasive … missed Risk of expected per cancers cancers malignancy 1,000 biopsy expected per Strength of expected

110. Imaging Tests for the Staging of Colorectal Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/colorectal-cancer-staging/research-protocol
     December 01, 2020 - Further, PET exams can produce false-negative results in metabolically inactive tumors or false-positive … Although we have grouped all colon and rectal cancers together as “colorectal cancer” as an inclusion … The process of categorizing tumors as per standardized classification systems based on the size, extent … exp Colorectal Neoplasms/ or exp colon cancer/ or exp colon tumor/ or exp rectum cancer/ or exp rectum … $)).ti,ab. 2 Staging neoplasm staging/ or cancer staging/ or (stag$ or restag$ or re-stag$)

111. Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques for the Detection of Skin Cancers | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/skin-lesions-evaluation/technical-brief
     December 01, 2019 - Evidence Reports Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques for the Detection of Skin Cancers … Structured Abstract Background Cancers of the skin are the most common forms of cancer. … Objective To provide an objective description of noninvasive imaging modalities in diagnosing cancerous tumors … Project Timeline Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques for the Detection of Skin Cancers May 18, 2010 … Protocol Dec 20, 2024 Primary Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer

112. Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-therapies-update_clinician.pdf
     January 01, 2016 - includes tumors confined to the prostate (T1–T2) and tumors with extracapsular extension but without … be influenced by factors such as patient age and health at the time of diagnosis, life expectancy, tumor … therapy (e.g., androgen deprivation therapy [ADT]) Interstitial brachytherapy: a strategy whereby tumor … –� Recommended treatment options based on the patient’s age, health status, life expectancy, and tumor … stage –� The potential for tumor eradication with treatment –� Available evidence for the efficacy and

113. Colorectal-Cancer-Liver-Metastases-Therapies Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/colorectal-cancer-liver-metastases-therapies_executive.pdf
     December 01, 2012 - Most colorectal cancers are adenocarcinomas, meaning that they are a cancer of the epithelium originating … Is extended hepatectomy for hepatobiliary malignancy justified? … Extended hepatectomy in patients with hepatobiliary malignancies with and without preoperative portal … HIF1A overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in a cohort of 731 colorectal cancers. … Recommendations for radioembolization of hepatic malignancies using Yttrium-90 microsphere brachytherapy

114. Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/head-neck-cancer-update/consumer
     November 01, 2020 - Radiation therapy : High-energy radiation beams are used to kill cancer cells in and around the tumor … Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation beams to kill cancer cells in and around a tumor. … It can shrink tumors, reduce some symptoms, and relieve pain. … that hits healthy tissues around the tumor. … The goal is to: Target the tumor with the right amount (dose) of radiation Limit the radiation

115. Colorectal Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/colorectal-cancer
     September 10, 2014 - Colorectal cancer occurs when tumors form in the lining of the large intestine. … The risk of developing colorectal cancer rises after age 50. … You're also more likely to get it if you have colorectal polyps , a family history of colorectal cancer … Symptoms of colorectal cancer include Diarrhea or constipation A feeling that your bowel does not … Treatments for colorectal cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination.

116. Medical Therapies for Locally Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/gastric-cancers/protocol
     February 01, 2025 - Recurrent cancer, metastatic cancer, early stage (T1aN0 and T1bN0), stage 4 cancer, GEJ cancer patients … stromal tumors (GIST), neuroendocrine tumors, gastric lymphoma, MALToma, other rare gastric cancers. … * OR carcinoma* OR malignan* OR neoplas* OR tumor* OR tumour*)):ab,ti,kw) 'cancer palliative therapy' … Project Timeline Optimal Medical Treatments for Non-Metastatic Gastric Cancers … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/gastric-cancers/protocol  

117. Layout 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer_executive.pdf
     February 01, 2008 - e.g., Gleason score, tumor volume, screen vs. clinically detected tumors) affect the outcomes of interventions … How do tumor characteristics, e.g., Gleason score, tumor volume, screen vs. clinically detected tumors … Men with low-grade prostate cancers had a minimal risk of dying from prostate cancer (7 percent with … Low • The risk of overall or prostate cancer death over 10 years for PSA-detected prostate cancers according … High • Screening with PSA testing detects more prostate cancer and cancers of smaller volume, earlier

118. Particle Beam Radiation Therapies for Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/cancer-radiation/technical-brief
     December 01, 2019 - It may be more effective or less harmful than other forms of radiotherapy for some cancers. … radiotherapies (e.g., IMRT, conventional radiotherapy or stereotactic photon radiosurgery) in many cancers … especially important in the light of the anticipated diffusion of this technology to treating common cancers … Project Timeline Particle Beam Radiation Therapies for Cancer Jan 1, 2005 … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/cancer-radiation/technical-brief  

119. Radiotherapy Treatments for Head and Neck Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/head-neck-cancer-update_clinician.pdf
     August 01, 2015 - PBT Tumor control and survival ��� ��� ��� Grade ≥2 late xerostomia* Significantly reduced incidence … , salivary gland dysfunction, swallowing dysfunction) ��� ��� ��� Effects of specific patient and tumor … needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of IMRT, 3DCRT, SBRT, and PBT: �– In achieving tumor … improving quality of life �– In understanding how outcomes are affected by the characteristics of the tumor … chemotherapy) �� An important area of investigation is the potential impact of human papillomavirus-positive tumors

120. Head-Neck-Cancer-Update Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/head-neck-cancer-update_executive.pdf
     December 01, 2014 - carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) constitutes approximately 90 percent of all head and neck cancers … Cancer Institute’s Physician Data Query Cancer Information Summary.8 The definitions include cancer … Gupta et al. reported aggregated survival results in patients with tumors in different sites. … Intensity-modulated radiation therapy in head and neck cancers: an update. … Head and neck cancers. J Nat Compr Cancer Netw. 2011 Jun 1;9(6):596-650. PMID: 21636536. 9.