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21. Chapter 8: Meta-Analysis of Test Performance When There Is a “Gold Standard” | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-metaanalysis/methods
    December 01, 2019 - , we propose to obtain summaries for sensitivities and specificities via meta-analysis, and to back-calculate … interpretation as likelihood ratios or predictive values, 10 we can use formulas in the Appendix to back-calculate … sensitivity and specificity (Se+ and Sp+; a row of two boxes after the horizontal black line) to back-calculate … Back-calculate overall positive and negative predictive values from summary estimates of sensitivity … Back-calculate overall positive and negative likelihood ratios from summary estimates of sensitivity

22. Evaluation of Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Requirements: A Systematic Review | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/dietary-protein-intake/research
    November 01, 2024 - When more than two studies were available, different designs and/or methods to calculate the estimate

23. Cer-265-Radiation-Bone-Disease-Addendum-App (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-265-radiation-bone-disease-addendum-app.xlsx
    October 12, 2023 - treatment-related AE, % (n/N NR) 1.0% (2/209) vs. 0.8% (1/130) AEs by type, number of patients with an AE (cannot calculate

24. Simulation-Based Comparison of Methods for Meta-Analysis of Proportions and Rates | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/metanalysis-proportion-rate-comparison/research
    November 01, 2017 - Continuity correction factors are necessary to calculate real-valued means or variances for some approximate

25. Disposition of Comments for CER 225: Substance Abuse Disorders in Adolescents (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-225-substance-abuse-adolescents-comments.pdf
    May 21, 2020 - Given our focus on consensus, we did not calculate inter-rater agreement.

26. AHRQ Slide Template 2009 (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/data-extraction.ppt
    January 01, 2009 - If the necessary numbers are not directly available, one would have to calculate them from sufficient … However, when a content expert has no methodological background, he or she may be unable to back-calculate … reports give effect size, standard normal deviates, or exact p-values, the quantitative reviewer must calculate

27. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-metaanalysis_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - we propose to obtain summaries for sensitivities and specificities via meta-analysis, and to back- calculate … interpretation as likelihood ratios or predictive values,10 we can use formulas in the Appendix to back-calculate … sensitivity and specificity (Se+ and Sp+; a row of two boxes after the horizontal black line) to back-calculate … and specificity use the theoretically motivated bivariate meta-analysis models. 8-17 o Back-calculate … o Back-calculate overall positive and negative likelihood ratios from summary estimates of sensitivity

28. Chapter 9: Options for Summarizing Medical Test Performance in the Absence of a “Gold Standard” | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-performance/methods
    December 01, 2019 - and reference) agree or disagree (i.e., treat them as two alternative measurement methods); (c) to calculate … Instead of calculating sensitivity and specificity one would calculate statistics on test concordance … Work within the classical paradigm, and calculate “naïve estimates” of the index test’s sensitivity and … disagree on the exact measurement among people who have larger measurements on average: One method may calculate … Calculate naïve estimates of the index test’s sensitivity and specificity from each study, but qualify

29. Appendix: Test Performance Metrics | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/test-performance-metrics/appendixes
    December 01, 2019 - As we will discuss below, one way to summarize diagnostic accuracy data is to calculate a summary ROC

30. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/migraine-prevention_research-protocol.pdf
    November 03, 2011 - For categorical variables we will abstract the number of events among treatment groups to calculate … Means and standard deviations of continuous variables will be abstracted to calculate mean differences … analysis set, we will abstract the number randomized to each treatment group as the denominator to calculate … Using Meta-Analyst 52 and STATA ®53 software at a 95 percent CI, we will calculate the relative … risk differences (ARD) in rates of outcome events in the active and control groups. 53, 59 We will calculate

31. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 9 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-performance_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - and reference) agree or disagree (i.e., treat them as two alternative measurement methods); (c) to calculate … Instead of calculating sensitivity and specificity one would calculate statistics on test concordance … Work within the classical paradigm, and calculate “naïve estimates” of the index test’s sensitivity … disagree on the exact measurement among people who have larger measurements on average: One method may calculate … Calculate naïve estimates of the index test’s sensitivity and specificity from each study, but qualify

32. Diagnosis and Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/urinary-incontinence-treatment/research-protocol
    December 01, 2020 - For categorical variables we will abstract a number of events among treatment groups to calculate rates … Means and standard deviations of continuous variables will be abstracted to calculate mean differences … trials (RCTs), we will abstract the number randomized to each treatment group as the denominator to calculate … We will calculate relative risk and absolute risk difference from the abstracted events using Meta-analyst … We may calculate standard deviations when authors report standard errors: Standard deviation = Standard

33. Meditation Programs for Stress and Well-Being | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/meditation/research-protocol
    December 01, 2019 - For studies amenable to pooling with meta-analyses, we will calculate pooled mean differences, risk differences … When we are unable to pool studies, we will calculate and display the individual mean differences, risk … Since many trials do not provide enough information to calculate a confidence interval around the difference … For studies amenable to pooling with meta-analyses, we will calculate pooled mean differences, risk differences … When we are unable to pool studies, we will calculate and display the individual mean differences, risk

34. Cancer-Drugs-Utilization-Cost Research (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cancer-drugs-utilization-cost_research.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - Utilization and cost of anticancer biologic products among Medicare beneficiaries, 2006-2009 Data Points #6Anticancer Biologics From 2006 to 2009, over 800,000 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries continuously enrolled in Parts A and B had a claim for an anticancer biologic of interest. Bevacizumab was the m…

35. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Using the classical paradigm, calculate “naïve” estimates of the index test’s sensitivity and specificity … Calculate “naïve” estimates of the index test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), ignoring imperfection … Analysis Option 3: Calculate “Naïve” Estimates and Discuss Bias Trikalinos TA, Balion TA. … Analysis Option 3: Calculate “Naïve” Estimates and Discuss Bias Option three calculates the estimates … Calculate estimates of the index test’s sensitivity and specificity from each study, but qualify the

36. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Using the classical paradigm, calculate “naïve” estimates of the index test’s sensitivity and specificity … Calculate “naïve” estimates of the index test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), ignoring imperfection … Analysis Option 3: Calculate “Naïve” Estimates and Discuss Bias Trikalinos TA, Balion TA. … Analysis Option 3: Calculate “Naïve” Estimates and Discuss Bias Option three calculates the estimates … Calculate estimates of the index test’s sensitivity and specificity from each study, but qualify the

37. Arthritis-Knee-Physical-Therapy Research-Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/arthritis-knee-physical-therapy_research-protocol.pdf
    April 01, 2010 - For categorical variables we will abstract a number of events among treatment groups to calculate rates … Means and standard deviations of continuous variables will be abstracted to calculate mean differences … For RCTs, we will abstract the number randomized to each treatment group as the denominator to calculate … We will calculate differences in relative risk and absolute risk from the abstracted events by using … We will calculate mean differences in continuous variables from the reported means and standard deviations

38. Clostridium difficile Infection Update | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/c-difficile-update/research-protocol
    December 01, 2019 - available, we will use statistical differences to assess efficacy and comparative effectiveness and calculate … Since two primary endpoints will be used, sensitivity and specificity, we will calculate 99 percent confidence … Depending on the heterogeneity of prevalence of CDI in diagnostic accuracy studies, we may also calculate … Further, when possible, we will calculate positive and negative likelihood ratios that allow clinicians … We will calculate risk ratios (RR) and absolute risk differences (RD) with the corresponding 95 percent

39. Comparative Effectiveness of Terbutaline Pump for the Prevention of Preterm Birth | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/preterm-birth-terbutaline-pump/research-protocol
    December 01, 2019 - As appropriate for each outcome outlined in KQ1 through KQ4, we will calculate the following summary … confidence intervals: For continuous outcomes (e.g., gestational age at delivery, birthweight) we will calculate … , neonatal brochopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, maternal pulmonary edema) we will calculate … For the time to event outcome (i.e. time to delivery) we will calculate the pooled hazard ratio. … doses, dislodgement and overdoses) we will pool reported incidence data using a random effects model to calculate

40. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/stereotactic-body-radiation/technical-brief
    December 01, 2019 - Skip to main content An official website of the Department of Health & Human Services Careers Contact Us Español FAQs Effective Health Care Program Powered by the Evidence-based Practice Centers …