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81. Recommendation: Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening
    April 13, 2021 - Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that performs an important role in calcium homeostasis and bone … vitamin D needs met at a serum level of 20 ng/mL (49.9 nmol/L) and risk for deficiency, relative to bone … J Bone Miner Res . 2005;20:185-94. Medline:15647811 doi:10.1359/JBMR.041007 19. … J Bone Miner Res . 2014;29(8):1709-1714. Medline:24737265 doi:10.1002/jbmr.2252 30. … J Bone Miner Res . 2000;15(6):1113-1118. Medline:10841179 doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.6.1113 35.

82. Medication Use for the Risk Reduction of Primary Breast Cancer in Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-TsBkyewVoFpC7htRmzWJa
    September 03, 2019 - Long-term effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, bone turnover, and serum lipid levels in early … J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19(8): 1270-1275. doi:10.1359/JBMR.040406 92. … Bone. 2003;33(4):522-532. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(03) 00241-2 95. … J Bone Miner Res. 2005;20(9):1514- 1524. doi:10.1359/JBMR.050509 102. … J Bone Miner Res. 2008;23(1):112-120. doi:10.1359/jbmr.070904 105.

83. Evidence Summary: Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cvd-and-cancer-preventive-medication
    June 21, 2022 - J Bone Miner Res . 2011;26(1):35-41. doi:10.1002/jbmr.176 53. Reid IR, Ames R, Mason B, et al. … J Bone Miner Res . 2012;27(1):170-176. doi:10.1002/jbmr.524 65. … Combination treatment with estrogen and calcitriol in the prevention of age-related bone loss. … Vitamin D supplementation and bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women. … J Bone Miner Res . 2010;25(7):1487-1495. doi:10.1002/jbmr.48 83.

84. Draft Research Plan: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening-adults
    October 12, 2023 - , 4b, 5: Prostate cancer mortality; all-cause mortality; prostate cancer–specific morbidity (i.e., bone … psychological effects (e.g., mental status, depression, cognitive dysfunction); endocrinological effects (e.g., bone

85. Final Research Plan: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening-adults
    December 21, 2023 - , 4b, 5: Prostate cancer mortality; all-cause mortality; prostate cancer–specific morbidity (i.e., bone … effects (e.g., mental status, depression, and cognitive dysfunction); endocrinological effects (e.g., bone

86. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Final Recommendation on Vitamin D and Calcium Supplements to Prevent Fractures (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/vitdbulletin.pdf
    February 26, 2013 - “Vitamin D and calcium are known to play an important role in maintaining health, including bone health

87. Evidence Summary: Vitamin D Deficiency: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary18/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening
    November 25, 2014 - J Bone Miner Res . 2008;23:143-50. [PMID: 17907920] 5. … J Bone Miner Res . 2011;26:2378-88. [PMID: 21710614] 7. … J Bone Miner Res . 2000;15:1113-8. [PMID: 10841179] 75. … J Bone Miner Res . 2003;18:343-51. [PMID: 12568412] 77. … J Bone Miner Res . 1989;4:81-8. [PMID: 2718782] 110.

88. Archived: Evidence Summary: Vitamin D Deficiency: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary18/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening-november-2014
    November 25, 2014 - J Bone Miner Res . 2008;23:143-50. [PMID: 17907920] 5. … J Bone Miner Res . 2011;26:2378-88. [PMID: 21710614] 7. … J Bone Miner Res . 2000;15:1113-8. [PMID: 10841179] 75. … J Bone Miner Res . 2003;18:343-51. [PMID: 12568412] 77. … J Bone Miner Res . 1989;4:81-8. [PMID: 2718782] 110.

89. Evidence Summary: Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening
    April 13, 2021 - J Bone Miner Res . 2003;18(2):343-351. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.2.343 17. … J Bone Miner Res . 2014;29(1):173-181. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2010 22. … Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in women aged 65-71 years: a … J Bone Miner Res . 2000;15(6):1113-1118. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.6.1113 53. … J Bone Miner Res . 2018;33(11):1916-1922. doi:10.1002/jbmr.3521 61.

90. Evidence Gaps Research Taxonomy Table: Research Gaps for Screening and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/WGyw9FcXJDcAM_Uj_uwPBW
    January 01, 2001 - functional status, or morbidity KQ5: Potential harms (e.g., dental fluorosis, tooth staining, bone … Comparison Outcomes/ Timing Setting Potential harms (e.g., dental fluorosis, tooth staining, bone

91. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Idiopathic Scoliosis in Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review61/idiopathic-scoliosis-in-adolescents-screening-2004
    June 15, 2004 - J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995;77:823-7. Nachemson AL, Peterson LE. … J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995;77:815-22. … J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79:664-74. Return to Table of Contents

92. Screening for Idiopathic Scoliosis in Adolescents: A Brief Evidence Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/tBNG587psNsCn7HHcfRuqm
    November 01, 2004 - J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:823–827. 12. Nachemson AL, Peterson LE. … J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:815–822. 13. … J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79:664–674. AHRQ Pub. No. 05-0568-B November 2004

93. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Obesity in Adults: Screening and Management | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary38/obesity-in-adults-screening-and-management-2012
    October 15, 2011 - Weight loss may be associated with decreased bone density, but data are lacking on post–weight-loss bone … The validity of measuring bone changes during weight loss is also unclear. … Fat distribution changes may alter bone measurement despite stable bone 117–119 . … Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements of total-body bone mineral during weight change. … J Bone Miner Res . 1997;12:1908-21. [PMID: 9383696] 120. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

94. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/U4Vu9hcmHtD7snox6qbPja
    June 21, 2022 - J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26(1):35-41. doi:10.1002/ jbmr.176 53. Reid IR, Ames R, Mason B, et al. … J Bone Miner Res. 2012;27(1):170-176. doi:10. 1002/jbmr.524 65. … Combination treatment with estrogen and calcitriol in the prevention of age-related bone loss. … Vitamin D supplementation and bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women. … J Bone Miner Res. 2010;25(7):1487- 1495. doi:10.1002/jbmr.48 83.

95. Evidence Summary: Prevention of Acquisition of HIV: Preexposure Prophylaxis | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis
    August 22, 2023 - intracellular drug levels at lower tenofovir serum levels, potentially increasing effectiveness and bone … from baseline than TDF/FTC in hip (0.6% vs −1.0%, P < .001) and spine (0.9% vs −1.4%, P < .001) bone … Bone mineral density in HIV-negative men participating in a tenofovir pre-exposure prophylaxis randomized … a Harms also include kidney dysfunction, adverse effects on bone, pregnancy-related outcomes, infection … ): 0.6% vs −1.0% ( P <.001) Spine bone mineral density (change from baseline): 0.9% vs −1.4% ( P <.001

96. Archived: Obesity in Adults: Screening and Management | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obesity-in-adults-screening-and-management-2012
    June 15, 2012 - Possible harms of behavioral weight-loss interventions include decreased bone mineral density and increased … Possible harms of behavioral weight-loss interventions include decreased bone mineral density and increased … Although limited data suggest that weight loss may be associated with decreased bone density at the hip … , the clinical significance of the bone loss is uncertain.

97. Archived: Thyroid Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/thyroid-disease-screening-2004
    January 15, 2004 - Bone density is not reduced during the short-term administration of levothyroxine to postmenopausal women … Effects on bone mass of long term treatment with thyroid hormones: a meta-analysis. … Changes in bone mass during prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism due to L-thyroxine treatment: a meta-analysis

98. Recommendation: Thyroid Dysfunction: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/thyroid-dysfunction-screening
    March 24, 2015 - quality of life or provide clinically meaningful improvements in blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), bone … Except for 1 small ( n = 67) nonrandomized study that examined bone mineral density, no evidence was … for fractures or cardiovascular disease prevention, it is due to factors other than improvements in bone … The product label cites possible adverse effects on bone mineral density and the cardiovascular system … [Evaluation of bone mineral density in hyperthyroid patients before and after medical therapy].

99. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening for Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/syphilis-prgnant-women-draft-rs-bulletin.pdf
    March 05, 2018 - Babies born with congenital syphilis also can have birth defects, such as bone deformities, blindness

100. Final Research Plan: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening
     April 28, 2016 - KQ 1: Prostate cancer mortality; all-cause mortality; prostate cancer–specific morbidity (i.e., bone … effects (e.g., mental status, depression, and cognitive dysfunction); endocrinological effects (e.g., bone