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1. Bone Density | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/health-topics/bone-density

2. Archived: Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/postmenopausal-osteoporosis-screening-1996
   January 01, 1996 - mineral content (BMC) in grams/cm, or as bone mineral density (BMD) in grams/cm. 2 Single photon absorptiometry … density screening have better outcomes (improved bone density or fewer fractures) than women who are … Bone mineral content of the lumbar spine in normal and osteoporotic women: cross-sectional and longitudinal … The bone mineral content in the forearm of women with Colles' fracture. … Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging.

3. Osteoporosis-Bone-Fracture Executive (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/osteoporosis-bone-fracture_executive.pdf
   March 01, 2012 - mineral density) during therapy; how does bone density monitoring predict antifracture benefits during … Our analysis yielded the following conclusions: • Bone mineral density: Moderate evidence (post hoc … Thus, improvement in spine bone mineral density during treatment with currently available osteoporosis … How often should patients be monitored (via measurement of bone mineral density) during therapy? … mineral density.

4. Osteoporosis-Vibration-Therapy Research-Protocol (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/osteoporosis-vibration-therapy_research-protocol.pdf
   January 01, 2020 - density, bone mineral content, bone fractures). … Effects of whole body vibration on bone mineral density and falls: results of the randomized controlled … Effect of whole-body vibration exercise on lumbar bone mineral density, bone turnover, and chronic back … Bone mineral density values are calculated by using reference values for healthy young white women … mineral content as outcome of interest (yes or no) Measures used to assess bone mineral content Fracture

5. Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2kM7LY6ccceVo8bmdUXhYm
   September 01, 2002 - Bone Mineral Density Testing: Does the Evidence Support its Selective Use in Well Women? … Prediction of perimenopausal fractures by bone mineral density and other risk factors. … Appendicular measurements in screening women for low axial bone mineral density. … mineral density. … Bone mineral density predicts non-spine fractures in very elderly women.

6. Archived: Osteoporosis: Screening, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-2002
   September 17, 2002 - Lower body weight (weight < 70 kg ) is the single best predictor of low bone mineral density. 4 , 5 … At any given age, African-American women on average have higher bone mineral density (BMD) than white … Identification and fracture outcomes of undiagnosed low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: … Added value of bone mineral density in hip fracture risk scores. Bone 1999;25:369-74. 15. … Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis

7. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis: Screening, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/osteoporosis-screening-2002
   September 17, 2002 - Bone Mineral Density Testing: Does the Evidence Support its Selective Use in Well Women? … Prediction of perimenopausal fractures by bone mineral density and other risk factors. … Appendicular measurements in screening women for low axial bone mineral density. … mineral density. … Bone mineral density predicts non-spine fractures in very elderly women.

8. Screening for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nnkwqkX-Nk6v3gsphVATUD
   September 01, 2002 - Lower body weight (weight < 70 kg ) is the single best predictor of low bone mineral density.4,5 Low … At any given age, African American women on average have higher bone mineral density (BMD) than white … Identification and fracture outcomes of undiagnosed low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: … Added value of bone mineral density in hip fracture risk scores. Bone. 1999;25:369-374. 15. … Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the Screening for Osteoporosis: USPSTF Recommendations

9. Whole-Body Vibration Therapy for Osteoporosis (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/osteoporosis-vibration-therapy_technical-brief.pdf
   January 01, 2020 - density, bone mineral content, bone fractures). … mineral density 3 1 CT, 2 CS 3 Individuals at risk for low bone mineral density or osteoporosis … Outcomes in vibration studies Bone Mineral Density (N Studies/ RCTs) Bone Mineral Content … Vibration outcomes II Author, Year Site of Bone Mineral Density Measure Bone Mineral Content … Content Bone Mineral Content Measure Fracture Measure of Fracture Quality of Life Quality

10. Archived: Final Research Plan: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/osteoporosis-screening-june-2018
    November 05, 2015 - Those at increased risk may undergo a comprehensive risk assessment, including bone density measurement … Does screening (clinical risk assessment, bone density measurement, or both) for osteoporotic fracture … mineral density and fracture risk? … mineral density measurement. … It now incorporates bone mineral density measurement as a component of comprehensive risk assessment.

11. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/osteoporosis-bone-fracture_research-protocol.pdf
    May 14, 2010 - Osteoporosis is diagnosed by assessing bone mineral density (BMD). … mineral density.4 Several algorithms have been devised and validated for the prediction of 10- year … mineral density) during therapy? … Analytic Framework Figure Notes: BMD bone mineral density; DXA dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; … mineral density (expressed as grams [gms] per centimeter [cm]2).

12. Fracture rates and bone density among postmenopausal veteran and non-veteran women from the Women’s Health Initiative. | Digital Healthcare Research
    digital.ahrq.gov/ahrq-funded-projects/knowledge-engineering-decision-support-osteoporosis/citation/fracture-rates-and
    January 01, 2023 - Fracture rates and bone density among postmenopausal veteran and non-veteran women from the Women’s Health … Fracture rates and bone density among postmenopausal veteran and non-veteran women from the Women’s Health

13. Assessing Applicability: Interactive Case Study Quiz (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/assessing-applicability-quiz.ppt
    May 29, 2025 - The impact of a drug on bone mineral density in young, male, well-trained astronauts in outer space may … In addition, bone mineral density is a surrogate end point for the risk of bone fracture, which limits … In addition, bone mineral density is a surrogate end point for the risk of bone fracture, which limits … In addition, bone mineral density is a surrogate end point for the risk of bone fracture, which limits … In addition, bone mineral density is a surrogate end point for the risk of bone fracture, which limits

14. Assessing Applicability: Interactive Case Study Quiz (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/assessing-applicability-quiz.ppt
    May 29, 2025 - The impact of a drug on bone mineral density in young, male, well-trained astronauts in outer space may … In addition, bone mineral density is a surrogate end point for the risk of bone fracture, which limits … In addition, bone mineral density is a surrogate end point for the risk of bone fracture, which limits … In addition, bone mineral density is a surrogate end point for the risk of bone fracture, which limits … In addition, bone mineral density is a surrogate end point for the risk of bone fracture, which limits

15. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary1/osteoporosis-screening-june-2018
    June 26, 2018 - Studies of tests to identify osteoporosis (as defined by bone mineral density [BMD] T-score ≤ −2.5), … Fracture risk prediction using phalangeal bone mineral density or FRAX(®)? … Repeat bone mineral density screening and prediction of hip and major osteoporotic fracture. … Intravenous zoledronic acid in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. … a Adjusted for age, height, weight, menopausal status, and neck bone mineral density (QUS only).

16. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary6/osteoporosis-screening-2011
    July 06, 2010 - Intravenous zoledronic acid in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. … Effect of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84) on vertebral fracture and bone mineral density … Racial differences in bone mineral density in older men. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:2238-44. … Patterns of bone mineral density testing: current guidelines, testing rates, and interventions. … The validity of decision rules for selecting women with primary osteoporosis for bone mineral density

17. Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/osteoporosis-screening
    January 14, 2025 - mineral density. … Do we need bone mineral density to estimate osteoporotic fracture risk? … Intravenous zoledronic acid in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. … mineral density. … Denosumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density.

18. Screening for Osteoporosis: An Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RPB3rmcS9CK_eXPdzXSxZg
    July 01, 2010 - Racial differences in bone mineral density in older men. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18:2238-44. … Patterns of bone mineral density testing: current guidelines, testing rates, and interventions. … Clinical risk factor evaluation to defer postmenopausal women from bone mineral density measurement: … Fracture incidence and association with bone mineral density in elderly men and women: the Rotterdam … Intravenous zoledronic acid in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density.

19. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: A Systematic Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/R_cAa3AjFGQ2np_aQnzQGA
    February 11, 2025 - mineral density. … Do we need bone mineral density to estimate osteoporotic fracture risk? … Intravenous zoledronic acid in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. … mineral density. … Denosumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density.

20. Archived: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-2011
    January 15, 2011 - Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies reduce fracture risk in women with low bone mineral density … mineral density (BMD) are considerable, and the optimal alternative age at which to screen nonwhite … Low bone density is a risk factor for fractures, especially in elderly persons. … mineral density; DXA = dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry Return to Table of Contents References … Evaluating the value of repeat bone mineral density measurement and prediction of fractures in older