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41. Draft Recommendation: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    December 17, 2024 - women and men age 60 years or older, ensuring adequate vitamin D and calcium intake is important for bone … community-dwelling adults. 10 The review excluded studies conducted in populations with a known disorder related to bone … counseling patients to consume the recommended daily allowance of dietary calcium and vitamin D for bone … Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone level, bone turnover, and bone … J Bone Miner Res. 1998;13(2):168-174. Waterhouse M, Sanguineti E, Baxter C, et al.

42. Evidence Summary: Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction
    September 03, 2019 - Long-term effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, bone turnover, and serum lipid levels in early … Effect of raloxifene on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in Japanese postmenopausal … J Bone Miner Res . 2004;19(8):1270-1275. doi:10.1359/JBMR.040406 92. … Bone . 2003;33(4):522-532. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(03)00241-2 95. … J Bone Miner Res. 2008;23(1):112-120. doi:10.1359/jbmr.070904 105.

43. Evidence Summary: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
    April 17, 2018 - Report of the Surgeon General's Workshop on Osteoporosis and Bone Health . … J Bone Miner Res . 1996;11(12):1961-6. 20. … Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone level, bone turnover, and bone … J Bone Miner Res . 1998;13(2):168-74. 21. … Calcium plus vitamin D for postmenopausal women—bone appétit?

44. Medication Use for the Risk Reduction of Primary Breast Cancer in Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-TsBkyewVoFpC7htRmzWJa
    September 03, 2019 - Long-term effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, bone turnover, and serum lipid levels in early … J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19(8): 1270-1275. doi:10.1359/JBMR.040406 92. … Bone. 2003;33(4):522-532. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(03) 00241-2 95. … J Bone Miner Res. 2005;20(9):1514- 1524. doi:10.1359/JBMR.050509 102. … J Bone Miner Res. 2008;23(1):112-120. doi:10.1359/jbmr.070904 105.

45. Screening for and Management of Obesity in Adults: Clinical Summary of USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Z-PbjsHwm4jWMadqNh9Pbz
    Possible harms of behavioral weight-loss interventions include decreased bone mineral density and increased

46. VitaminD, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Yc24U4wMLXGoqE5NjwRVA6
    April 17, 2018 - O steoporotic fractures occur as a result of bone fragility resulting from bone loss or structural changes … Report of the Surgeon General’s Workshop on Osteoporosis and Bone Health. … J Bone Miner Res. 1996;11(12):1961-1966. 20. … Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone level, bone turnover, and bone … J Bone Miner Res. 1998;13(2):168-174. 21.

47. Draft Research Plan: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening-adults
    October 12, 2023 - , 4b, 5: Prostate cancer mortality; all-cause mortality; prostate cancer–specific morbidity (i.e., bone … psychological effects (e.g., mental status, depression, cognitive dysfunction); endocrinological effects (e.g., bone

48. Screening for Osteoporosis: Clinical Summary of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/gAqZddz9msR33tXRy9MtX7
    Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies reduce fracture risk in women with low bone mineral

49. Summary of USPSTF Final Recommendation: Screening for Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_CqYnP2r9XUSuDgkPpF9y8
    May 01, 2025 - birth weight, stillbirth, neonatal death, and significant abnormalities in the infant such as deformed bones

50. Final Research Plan: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening-adults
    December 21, 2023 - , 4b, 5: Prostate cancer mortality; all-cause mortality; prostate cancer–specific morbidity (i.e., bone … effects (e.g., mental status, depression, and cognitive dysfunction); endocrinological effects (e.g., bone

51. Evidence Summary: Prevention of Acquisition of HIV: Preexposure Prophylaxis | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis
    August 22, 2023 - intracellular drug levels at lower tenofovir serum levels, potentially increasing effectiveness and bone … from baseline than TDF/FTC in hip (0.6% vs −1.0%, P < .001) and spine (0.9% vs −1.4%, P < .001) bone … Bone mineral density in HIV-negative men participating in a tenofovir pre-exposure prophylaxis randomized … a Harms also include kidney dysfunction, adverse effects on bone, pregnancy-related outcomes, infection … ): 0.6% vs −1.0% ( P <.001) Spine bone mineral density (change from baseline): 0.9% vs −1.4% ( P <.001

52. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Obesity in Adults: Screening and Management | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary38/obesity-in-adults-screening-and-management-2012
    October 15, 2011 - Weight loss may be associated with decreased bone density, but data are lacking on post–weight-loss bone … The validity of measuring bone changes during weight loss is also unclear. … Fat distribution changes may alter bone measurement despite stable bone 117–119 . … Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements of total-body bone mineral during weight change. … J Bone Miner Res . 1997;12:1908-21. [PMID: 9383696] 120. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

53. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening for Intimate Partner Violence and Caregiver Abuse of Older or Vulnerable Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/ipv-abuse-bulletin.pdf
    November 25, 2024 - It can cause a wide range of serious and devastating health effects, such as bruises, broken bones,

54. Effectiveness of Primary Care–Relevant Treatments for Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hbSopN6uA9u-4EQuKtRGDP
    October 01, 2011 - Weight loss may be associated with decreased bone density, but data are lacking on post–weight-loss bone … The validity of measuring bone changes during weight loss is also unclear. … Fat distri- bution changes may alter bone measurement despite stable bone (117–119). … Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements of total-body bone mineral during weight change. … J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12:1908-21. [PMID: 9383696] 120. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

55. Archived: Obesity in Adults: Screening and Management | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obesity-in-adults-screening-and-management-2012
    June 15, 2012 - Possible harms of behavioral weight-loss interventions include decreased bone mineral density and increased … Possible harms of behavioral weight-loss interventions include decreased bone mineral density and increased … Although limited data suggest that weight loss may be associated with decreased bone density at the hip … , the clinical significance of the bone loss is uncertain.

56. Final Research Plan: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening
    April 28, 2016 - KQ 1: Prostate cancer mortality; all-cause mortality; prostate cancer–specific morbidity (i.e., bone … effects (e.g., mental status, depression, and cognitive dysfunction); endocrinological effects (e.g., bone

57. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Final Recommendation Statement on Screening for Intimate Partner Violence and Caregiver Abuse of Older or Vulnerable Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/ipv-screening-final-rec-bulletin.pdf
    June 24, 2025 - violence can cause a wide range of serious and devastating health effects, such as bruises, broken bones

58. Screening for and Management of Obesity in Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Bd9Cgr5WNueNbmfsPxUKDP
    September 01, 2012 - Possible harms of behavioral weight-loss interventions include decreased bone mineral density and increased … Behavioral Interventions Possible harms of behavioral weight-loss interventions include decreased bone … Al- though limited data suggest that weight loss may be asso- ciated with decreased bone density at the … hip, the clinical significance of the bone loss is uncertain.

59. Archived: Evidence Summary: Breast Cancer: Medications for Risk Reduction | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary27/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction-2013
    April 15, 2013 - J Bone Miner Res . 2005;20:1514-24. [PMID: 16059623]. … Long-term effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, bone turnover, and serum lipid levels in early … J Bone Miner Res . 1998;13:1747-54. [PMID: 9797484]. … Effect of raloxifene on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in Japanese postmenopausal … J Bone Miner Res . 2004;19: 1270-5. [PMID: 15231013].

60. Final Research Plan: Prevention of Acquisition of HIV: Preexposure Prophylaxis | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis
    January 13, 2022 -     *Harms also include renal dysfunction, adverse effects on bone