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21. Archived: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-2011
    January 15, 2011 - Low bone density is a risk factor for fractures, especially in elderly persons. … It cannot be assumed that the bones of men and women are biologically the same, especially because bone … Moreover, rapid bone loss occurs in women because of the loss of estrogen during menopause. … Bone Health and Osteoporosis: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. … J Bone Miner Res . 2003;18:9-17.

22. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hhrqMCEgbsBMJ_Ppbcp4yJ
    January 14, 2025 - bone fragility and fracture risk. … Indications for Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Testing. … Bone mass, bone loss, and osteoporosis prophylaxis. … Bone. 2006;38 (5):694-700. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2005.06.004 21. … FRAX(®) with and without bone mineral density.

23. Final Research Plan: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/osteoporosis-screening
    November 18, 2021 - What is the predictive accuracy of bone mineral density testing with dual X-ray absorptiometry at central … Adults with cancer, metabolic bone diseases, or medical conditions associated with bone loss, including … Trabecular bone score. Vertebral fracture assessment. … Bone turnover biomarkers. Finite element analysis. Hip structural analysis. … For such populations, individualized clinical decisions about bone density testing in the context of

24. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    April 06, 2023 - Population Community-dwelling adults with no known disorders related to vitamin D, calcium, or bone … studies for which patient eligibility is determined by testing to identify vitamin D deficiency or bone … disease, hepatic failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, scleroderma, lupus, or dermatomyositis) Bone … KQ 1: Morphometric vertebral fractures; BMD; laboratory or functional measures of bone or muscle strength … Reviewers suggested the addition of intermediate health outcomes such as bone mineral density, muscle

25. Draft Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    January 12, 2023 - Population Community-dwelling adults with no known disorders related to vitamin D, calcium, or bone … studies for which patient eligibility is determined by testing to identify vitamin D deficiency or bone … measurement testing, with selection based on low vitamin D or bone density level; studies with inclusion … disease, hepatic failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, scleroderma, lupus, dermatomyositis) Bone … KQ 1: Morphometric vertebral fractures; BMD; laboratory or functional measures of bone or muscle strength

26. Screening to Prevent Osteoporotic Fractures: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/jmCXJwxefa67VY4NfD8gUg
    June 26, 2018 - Bone Measurement Tests Twenty-three studies evaluated the accuracy of various bone mea- surement tests … Risk factors beyond bone density, such as microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue and decline … Bone. 2012;50(1):373-377. doi:10.1016/j .bone.2011.11.006 49. … and bone remodeling. … Effects of risedronate 5 mg/d on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in late-postmenopausal

27. Screening for Osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pskqLZMFcHjhtEF75uG4AP
    January 01, 2012 - Low bone density is a risk factor for fractures, espe- cially in elderly persons. … 362 1 March 2011 Annals of Internal Medicine Volume 154 • Number 5 www.annals.org sumed that the bones … Moreover, rapid bone loss occurs in women because of the loss of estrogen during menopause. … Bone Health and Osteo- porosis: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. … J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18:9-17. [PMID: 12510800] 12.

28. Summary of USPSTF Draft Recommendation: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community Dwelling Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_GZ-JwUgQJykdbvhgpTNph
    January 21, 2025 - Fractures, or breaking a bone, can happen in people of all ages, but because they become more common … Vitamin D and calcium are two nutrients important to bone health. … • Preventing older adults from falling and breaking a bone is important to their health and independence … • There are other proven ways for older adults to maintain good bone health and prevent falls and

29. Clinical Summary: Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ShJmbuCXvmGjpnvyyR9PH_
    w ho have at least 1 risk factor, a reasonable approach to determine w ho should be screened w ith bone … While several bone measurement tests similarly predict risk of fractures, DXA provides measurement of … bone mineral density (BMD), and most treatment guidelines use central DXA to define osteoporosis and

30. Clinical Summary: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dkrTtgpcUKSk7ZxCxL4mcz
    Grade: D Risk Assessment Low bone mass, older age, and history of falls are major risk factors … Other risks factors for low bone mass and fractures include female sex, smoking, use of glucocorticoids … , and use of other medications that impair bone metabolism (eg, aromatase inhibitors).

31. Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Vitamin D and Calcium to Prevent Falls and Fractures in Older Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/vitamin-d-calcium-falls-bulletin.pdf
    January 21, 2025 - “Preventing older adults from falling and breaking a bone is important to their ongoing health and independence … Vitamin D and calcium are important to a person’s bone health and overall wellness, so the Task Force … looked at the evidence on whether supplements could help older adults avoid falling and breaking a bone … “The good news is there are evidence-based ways for older adults to maintain good bone health,” says

32. Summary of USPSTF Final Recommendation: Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/E24AtkYp7cR8bp864K4CGS
    January 01, 2025 - persons with secondary osteoporosis due to an underlying medical condition (eg, cancer, metabolic bone … diseases, or hyperthyroidism) or chronic use of a medication (eg, glucocorticoids) associated with bone … recommendation, the USPSTF has noted that screening includes dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone

33. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
    June 23, 2016 - Excluded Population Community-dwelling adult populations with no known disorders related to bone … years Studies for which patient eligibility is determined by testing for vitamin D deficiency or bone … measurement testing, with selection based on vitamin D or bone density level Studies with inclusion … , hepatic failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, scleroderma, lupus, dermatomyositis) Have a bone … mineral density changes; other intermediate measures of bone or muscle strength or quality KQ 2:

34. Archived: Physical Activity Promotion: Behavioral Counseling, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/physical-activity-promotion-behavioral-counseling-1996
    January 01, 1996 - Bone density in women: college athletes and older athletic women. … Physical fitness effect on bone mass in postmenopausal women. … Appendicular bone density and age predict hip fracture in women. … Which fractures are associated with low appendicular bone mass in elderly women? … Exercise, bone mineral density, and osteoporosis.

35. Archived: Healthy Diet Promotion: Behavioral Counseling, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthy-diet-promotion-behavioral-counseling-1996
    January 01, 1996 - Factors affecting bone mineral density in high school girls. … Does calcium supplementation prevent postmenopausal bone loss? … Calcium supplementation and postmenopausal bone loss. … Dietary intake of calcium and postmenopausal bone loss. … Bone Mineral . 1990;11:85–91. [ PubMed ] 174. Dwyer JT.

36. Archived: Final Research Plan: Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Preexposure Prophylaxis | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis-june-2019
    July 26, 2017 - question 1) and potential harms of PrEP, including other STIs, renal dysfunction, adverse effects on bone … * Harms also include renal dysfunction, adverse effects on bone, pregnancy-related outcomes, infection … quality of life, risk of other sexually transmitted infections, renal dysfunction, adverse effects on bone

37. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Vitamin D and Calcium to Prevent Fractures: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary52/vitamin-d-and-calcium-to-prevent-fractures-preventive-medication-2013
    December 10, 2011 - Many tissues besides bone are also influenced by vitamin D 1 . … Effectiveness and Safety of Vitamin D in Relation to Bone Health. … J Bone Miner Res . 2010;25:1487-95. … J Bone Miner Res . 2000;15:1113-8. … Calcium plus vitamin D for postmenopausal women—bone appétit? [Editorial].

38. Vitamin D With or Without Calcium Supplementation for Prevention of Cancer and Fractures: An Updated Meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6L2obA88s86MoZDbWtMPTU
    December 01, 2011 - Many tissues besides bone are also influenced by vitamin D (1). … Effectiveness and Safety of Vitamin D in Relation to Bone Health. … J Bone Miner Res. 2010;25:1487-95. [PMID: 20200964] 31. … J Bone Miner Res. 2000; 15:1113-8. [PMID: 10841179] 35. … Calcium plus vitamin D for postmenopausal women—bone appétit? [Editorial].

39. Final Research Plan: Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions
    May 19, 2022 - diagnostic evaluations for conditions related to abuse or neglect (e.g., those presenting with a broken bone … Child Protective Services reports Removal of the child from the home Injuries such as broken bones

40. Archived: Final Research Plan: Child Maltreatment: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions-november-2018
    August 18, 2016 - diagnostic evaluation for conditions related to abuse or neglect (e.g., those presenting with a broken bone … Reports to Child Protective Services Removal of the child from the home Injuries such as broken bones