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21. Draft Recommendation: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-prevent-fractures
    June 11, 2024 - mass leading to increased bone fragility and fracture risk. … Bone mass, bone loss, and osteoporosis prophylaxis. Ann Intern Med . 1998;128(4):313-314. 11.  … A referent bone mineral density database for Chinese American women. … J Bone Miner Res . 2006;21(3):413-418. 46. … Bone . 2020;134:115296. 60. Lee YK, Byun DW, Jung SM, et al.

22. Recommendation: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening
    January 14, 2025 - mass leading to increased bone fragility and fracture risk. … Indications for Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Testing. Accessed May 15, 2024. … Bone mass, bone loss, and osteoporosis prophylaxis. Ann Intern Med . 1998;128(4):313-314. … A referent bone mineral density database for Chinese American women. … ACR Appropriateness Criteria® osteoporosis and bone mineral density.

23. Archived: Vitamin D and Calcium to Prevent Fractures: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/vitamin-d-and-calcium-to-prevent-fractures-preventive-medication-2013
    February 15, 2013 - Calcium is one of the main building blocks of bone growth. Vitamin D helps bones absorb calcium. … Normal healthy bones turn over calcium constantly, replacing calcium loss with new calcium received from … , and is essential for bone growth and maintaining bone density. … Subsequently, the body uses calcium from skeletal stores, which can weaken existing bones. … Effectiveness and Safety of Vitamin D in Relation to Bone Health.

24. Fan-Qvpdgnjh8Krdf4Smmv (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/FaN-QvpDgnJh8KrdF4smmv
    May 01, 2013 - Calcium is one of the main building blocks of bone growth. Vitamin D helps bones absorb calcium. … Normal healthy bones turn over calcium constantly, replacing cal- cium loss with new calcium received … , and is essential for bone growth and maintaining bone density. … Subsequently, the body uses calcium from skeletal stores, which can weaken existing bones. … Effectiveness and Safety of Vitamin D in Relation to Bone Health.

25. Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6fMLEz4CfAVoj9YBYVbm73
    April 17, 2018 - Calcium contributes to bone growth, and vitamin D helps bones ab- sorb calcium. … Normal, healthy bones turn over calcium constantly, replacing calcium loss with new calcium. … intestines, interacts with parathyroid hormone to help maintain calcium homeostasis between the blood and bones … , and is essential for bone growth and maintaining bone density. … Consequently, the body uses calcium from skel- etal stores, which can weaken existing bones.

26. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hhrqMCEgbsBMJ_Ppbcp4yJ
    January 14, 2025 - bone fragility and fracture risk. … Indications for Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Testing. … Bone mass, bone loss, and osteoporosis prophylaxis. … Bone. 2006;38 (5):694-700. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2005.06.004 21. … FRAX(®) with and without bone mineral density.

27. Final Research Plan: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/osteoporosis-screening-prevent-fractures
    November 18, 2021 - What is the predictive accuracy of bone mineral density testing with dual X-ray absorptiometry at central … Adults with cancer, metabolic bone diseases, or medical conditions associated with bone loss, including … Trabecular bone score. Vertebral fracture assessment. … Bone turnover biomarkers. Finite element analysis. Hip structural analysis. … For such populations, individualized clinical decisions about bone density testing in the context of

28. Final Research Plan: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/osteoporosis-screening
    November 18, 2021 - What is the predictive accuracy of bone mineral density testing with dual X-ray absorptiometry at central … Adults with cancer, metabolic bone diseases, or medical conditions associated with bone loss, including … Trabecular bone score. Vertebral fracture assessment. … Bone turnover biomarkers. Finite element analysis. Hip structural analysis. … For such populations, individualized clinical decisions about bone density testing in the context of

29. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    April 06, 2023 - Population Community-dwelling adults with no known disorders related to vitamin D, calcium, or bone … studies for which patient eligibility is determined by testing to identify vitamin D deficiency or bone … disease, hepatic failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, scleroderma, lupus, or dermatomyositis) Bone … KQ 1: Morphometric vertebral fractures; BMD; laboratory or functional measures of bone or muscle strength … Reviewers suggested the addition of intermediate health outcomes such as bone mineral density, muscle

30. Draft Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    January 12, 2023 - Population Community-dwelling adults with no known disorders related to vitamin D, calcium, or bone … studies for which patient eligibility is determined by testing to identify vitamin D deficiency or bone … measurement testing, with selection based on low vitamin D or bone density level; studies with inclusion … disease, hepatic failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, scleroderma, lupus, dermatomyositis) Bone … KQ 1: Morphometric vertebral fractures; BMD; laboratory or functional measures of bone or muscle strength

31. Archived: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-2011
    January 15, 2011 - Low bone density is a risk factor for fractures, especially in elderly persons. … It cannot be assumed that the bones of men and women are biologically the same, especially because bone … Moreover, rapid bone loss occurs in women because of the loss of estrogen during menopause. … Bone Health and Osteoporosis: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. … J Bone Miner Res . 2003;18:9-17.

32. Draft Research Plan: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/osteoporosis-screening-prevent-fractures
    August 12, 2021 - What is the predictive accuracy of bone mineral density testing with dual X-ray absorptiometry at central … diseases, or medical conditions associated with bone loss, including hyperparathyroidism, premature … kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus Adults taking chronic medications associated with bone … osteoporosis because of underlying medical condition or chronic use of a medication associated with bone … care settings Quantitative ultrasound Quantitative CT Magnetic resonance imaging Trabecular bone

33. Screening to Prevent Osteoporotic Fractures: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/jmCXJwxefa67VY4NfD8gUg
    June 26, 2018 - Bone Measurement Tests Twenty-three studies evaluated the accuracy of various bone mea- surement tests … Risk factors beyond bone density, such as microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue and decline … Bone. 2012;50(1):373-377. doi:10.1016/j .bone.2011.11.006 49. … and bone remodeling. … Effects of risedronate 5 mg/d on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in late-postmenopausal

34. Screening for Osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pskqLZMFcHjhtEF75uG4AP
    January 01, 2012 - Low bone density is a risk factor for fractures, espe- cially in elderly persons. … 362 1 March 2011 Annals of Internal Medicine Volume 154 • Number 5 www.annals.org sumed that the bones … Moreover, rapid bone loss occurs in women because of the loss of estrogen during menopause. … Bone Health and Osteo- porosis: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. … J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18:9-17. [PMID: 12510800] 12.

35. Summary of USPSTF Draft Recommendation: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community Dwelling Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_GZ-JwUgQJykdbvhgpTNph
    January 21, 2025 - Fractures, or breaking a bone, can happen in people of all ages, but because they become more common … Vitamin D and calcium are two nutrients important to bone health. … • Preventing older adults from falling and breaking a bone is important to their health and independence … • There are other proven ways for older adults to maintain good bone health and prevent falls and

36. Clinical Summary: Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ShJmbuCXvmGjpnvyyR9PH_
    June 20, 2018 - w ho have at least 1 risk factor, a reasonable approach to determine w ho should be screened w ith bone … While several bone measurement tests similarly predict risk of fractures, DXA provides measurement of … bone mineral density (BMD), and most treatment guidelines use central DXA to define osteoporosis and

37. Clinical Summary: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dkrTtgpcUKSk7ZxCxL4mcz
    April 11, 2018 - Grade: D Risk Assessment Low bone mass, older age, and history of falls are major risk factors … Other risks factors for low bone mass and fractures include female sex, smoking, use of glucocorticoids … , and use of other medications that impair bone metabolism (eg, aromatase inhibitors).

38. USPSTF Issues Draft Recommendation Statements on Prevention of Falls and Fractures (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/falls-and-fractures-prevention-drs-combined-news-bulletin.pdf
    October 23, 2017 - fractures in community-dwelling adults who have no history of fractures related to osteoporosis (weak bones … Bone fractures can cause serious disability and death in older adults. … Other factors that increase risk for both men and women include having low bone mass, older age, smoking

39. Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Vitamin D and Calcium to Prevent Falls and Fractures in Older Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/vitamin-d-calcium-falls-bulletin.pdf
    January 21, 2025 - “Preventing older adults from falling and breaking a bone is important to their ongoing health and independence … Vitamin D and calcium are important to a person’s bone health and overall wellness, so the Task Force … looked at the evidence on whether supplements could help older adults avoid falling and breaking a bone … “The good news is there are evidence-based ways for older adults to maintain good bone health,” says

40. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
    June 23, 2016 - Excluded Population Community-dwelling adult populations with no known disorders related to bone … years Studies for which patient eligibility is determined by testing for vitamin D deficiency or bone … measurement testing, with selection based on vitamin D or bone density level Studies with inclusion … , hepatic failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, scleroderma, lupus, dermatomyositis) Have a bone … mineral density changes; other intermediate measures of bone or muscle strength or quality KQ 2: