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1. Summary of USPSTF Draft Recommendation: Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/jBv_25NZUTTLW5CKcr7wSW
   July 08, 2024 - Osteoporosis is a condition that causes bones to become thinner and weaker, resulting in fragile bones … Screening for osteoporosis is done by measuring bone density and can also include assessing the likelihood … Anyone who has concerns about bone health should talk to their clinician. … adults who do not have a history of prior fractures or health conditions that could lead to weakened bones … (e.g., cancer, metabolic bone diseases, hyperthyroidism) or take medicines that could cause bones

2. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Final Recommendation on Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/osteoporosis-screening-final-rec-bulletin.pdf
   January 14, 2025 - not have a history of prior fragility fractures or health conditions that could lead to weakened bones … Learn more here Osteoporosis is a condition that causes bones to become thinner and weaker, resulting … in fragile bones that break more easily than healthier bones. … “Too often, the first sign of osteoporosis is a broken bone, which can lead to serious health issues, … All women aged 65 years or older should be screened for osteoporosis using bone density measurement.

3. Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures; Screening for osteoporosis can help prevent fractures in women 65 years and older and in younger women who have gone through menopause and are at increased risk (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/osteoporosis-screening-draft-rec-bulletin.pdf
   July 08, 2024 - not have a history of prior fragility fractures or health conditions that could lead to weakened bones … Learn more here Osteoporosis is a condition that causes bones to become thinner and weaker, resulting … in fragile bones that break more easily than healthier bones. … fractures, can result from a minor fall or injury that would not have caused a break in normal, healthy bone … Task Force continues to call for more research and encourages anyone who has concerns about their bone

4. Archived: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-june-2018
   June 26, 2018 - , it cannot be assumed that they will be equally effective in men because the underlying biology of bones … mass, microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, and decline in bone quality leading to increased … bone density at the hip or spine that is at least 2.5 SDs (ie, T score ≤−2.5) below the mean bone density … It cannot be assumed that the bones of men and women are biologically the same, especially because bone … The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density

5. Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Fractures (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Xq6xgqs72NzadZV7TXTbkE
   February 01, 2013 - Vitamin D and calcium are important nutrients that work together to keep bones strong. … Calcium is a mineral that helps maintain strong bones and teeth. … Healthy bones are made up of a dense web of protein fibers and calcium. … When this web becomes less dense, bones become fragile and break easily. … Fractures, or breaking a bone, are common among women who have gone through menopause.

6. Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2kM7LY6ccceVo8bmdUXhYm
   September 01, 2002 - deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture … risk.”6,7 This definition emphasizes that, in addition to bone mass, the structure of bone is also … density tests and bone density, bone loss, or fractures. … Bone mass, bone loss, and osteoporosis prophylaxis. … and bone remodeling.

7. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis: Screening, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/osteoporosis-screening-2002
   September 17, 2002 - deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture … density tests and bone density, bone loss, or fractures. … Bone mass, bone loss, and osteoporosis prophylaxis. … Bone 1995:383-90. 104. … and bone remodeling.

8. Archived: Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/postmenopausal-osteoporosis-screening-1996
   January 01, 1996 - (low bone mass) be defined as bone density 1-2.5 SD below the normal mean. 13 Risk of postmenopausal … osteoporosis is a function of rate of bone loss as well as peak bone mass. … Although skeletal x-rays can detect focal bone disorders and fractures, they do not reliably detect bone … Although the absolute benefit of preserving bone mass may be greatest in women with low bone density, … Role of peak bone mass and bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

9. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ffNDS7ekxovstoCxxtLJVt
   February 13, 2018 - it cannot be assumed that they will be equally effec- tive in men because the underlying biology of bones … microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, and decline in bone quality leading to increased bone … It cannot be assumed that the bones of men and women are biologically the same, especially be- cause … The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density … J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29(11):2520-2526. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2269 2.

10. Archived: Osteoporosis: Screening, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-2002
    September 17, 2002 - Among different bone measurement tests performed at various anatomical sites, bone density measured at … Added value of bone mineral density in hip fracture risk scores. Bone 1999;25:369-74. 15. … bone turnover in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. … Bone 1995:383-90. 19. Bone HG, Downs RW Jr, Tucci JR, et al. … and bone remodeling.

11. Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/osteoporosis-screening
    January 14, 2025 - or low bone mass only. … and bone remodeling. … Effects of risedronate 5mg/d on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in late-postmenopausal … Alendronate increases bone mass and reduces bone markers in postmenopausal African-American women. … Effects of denosumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women.

12. Screening for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nnkwqkX-Nk6v3gsphVATUD
    September 01, 2002 - • Among different bone measurement tests performed at various anatomical sites, bone density measured … Added value of bone mineral density in hip fracture risk scores. Bone. 1999;25:369-374. 15. … bone turnover in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. … Bone. 1995:383-390. 19. Bone HG, Downs RW Jr, Tucci Jr, et al. … and bone remodeling.

13. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: A Systematic Evidence Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-qaKjceN9BTy-oh7EFwXtk
    January 14, 2025 - or low bone mass only. … Bone. 2017;99:20-25. doi:10.1016/j. bone.2017.02.008 87. Sun X, Chen Y, Gao Y, et al. … and bone remodeling. … Alendronate increases bone mass and reduces bone markers in postmenopausal African-American women. … Effects of denosumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women.

14. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: A Systematic Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/R_cAa3AjFGQ2np_aQnzQGA
    February 11, 2025 - or low bone mass only. … Bone. 2017;99:20-25. doi:10.1016/j. bone.2017.02.008 87. Sun X, Chen Y, Gao Y, et al. … and bone remodeling. … Alendronate increases bone mass and reduces bone markers in postmenopausal African-American women. … Effects of denosumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women.

15. Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary1/osteoporosis-screening
    June 26, 2018 - Bone Measurement Tests Twenty-three studies evaluated the accuracy of various bone measurement tests … Risk factors beyond bone density, such as microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue and decline … Bone . 2012;50(1):373-377. 49. … and bone remodeling. … Effects of risedronate 5 mg/d on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in late-postmenopausal

16. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary1/osteoporosis-screening-june-2018
    June 26, 2018 - Bone Measurement Tests Twenty-three studies evaluated the accuracy of various bone measurement tests … Risk factors beyond bone density, such as microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue and decline … Bone . 2012;50(1):373-377. 49. … and bone remodeling. … Effects of risedronate 5 mg/d on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in late-postmenopausal

17. Archived: Final Research Plan: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/osteoporosis-screening-june-2018
    November 05, 2015 - Those at increased risk may undergo a comprehensive risk assessment, including bone density measurement … Does screening (clinical risk assessment, bone density measurement, or both) for osteoporotic fracture … Eligible bone density measurement tests include dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (central or peripheral … Food and Drug Administration; biomarkers of bone metabolism, quantitative computed tomography, magnetic … It now incorporates bone mineral density measurement as a component of comprehensive risk assessment.

18. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary6/osteoporosis-screening-2011
    July 06, 2010 - of bone tissue that increases bone fragility and risk for fractures 5 . … J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:9-17. … Racial differences in bone mineral density in older men. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:2238-44. … Bone 2004;34:195-202. … and bone remodeling.

19. Screening for Osteoporosis: An Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RPB3rmcS9CK_eXPdzXSxZg
    July 01, 2010 - deterioration of bone tissue that increases bone fragility and risk for fractures (5). … Other important components of the condition, such as rate of bone loss and quality of bone, are not … Racial differences in bone mineral density in older men. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18:2238-44. … Bone mass, bone loss, and osteoporosis prophylaxis [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:313-4. … and bone remodeling.

20. Recommendation: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
    April 17, 2018 - Calcium contributes to bone growth, and vitamin D helps bones absorb calcium. … Normal, healthy bones turn over calcium constantly, replacing calcium loss with new calcium. … intestines, interacts with parathyroid hormone to help maintain calcium homeostasis between the blood and bones … , and is essential for bone growth and maintaining bone density. … Consequently, the body uses calcium from skeletal stores, which can weaken existing bones.