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81. Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Clinical Summary of USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/7Rk5oKeK_cSwtrdnkHC7Vc
    (dietary intake and physical activity) and selected intermediate clinical outcomes (lipid levels, blood … pressure, fasting glucose levels, diabetes incidence, and weight) after 12 to 24 months. … tobacco cessation, aspirin use, screening and counseling for obesity and screening for lipid disorders, blood … pressure, and diabetes.

82. Archived: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening-january-2017
    January 24, 2017 - pressure. … pressure (diurnal systolic blood pressure WMD, -2.4 [95% CI, -3.9 to -0.9] and diurnal diastolic blood … pressure. … pressure were found. … Small reductions in blood pressure are associated with cardiovascular disease benefits at the population

83. Archived: Healthy Diet Promotion: Behavioral Counseling, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthy-diet-promotion-behavioral-counseling-1996
    January 01, 1996 - Does sodium restriction lower blood pressure? … Blood pressure response to dietary sodium restriction in normotensive adults. … By how much does salt restriction reduction lower blood pressure? I. … Sodium chloride raises blood pressure in normotensive subjects: the study of sodium and blood pressure … National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group.

84. Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/qSDQ3BxkWx3WovAKL2vbr9
    February 01, 2021 - These include: • Screening for high blood pressure in adults • Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm … Page/Name/grade-definitions https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/high-blood-pressure-in-adults-screening

85. Archived: Evidence Summary: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Known Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/healthful-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cardiovascular-disease-prevention-in-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling-july-2017
    July 11, 2017 - pressure (−1.26 mm Hg [95% CI, −1.77 to −0.75]; 22 trials [n = 57,953]), diastolic blood pressure (− … pressure (22 trials), diastolic blood pressure (23 trials), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C … Screening for high blood pressure in adults: U.S. … cardiovascular biomarkers in men and women with high blood pressure: the ENCORE study. … The Hypertension Prevention Trial: three-year effects of dietary changes on blood pressure.

86. Archived: Evidence Summary: Preeclampsia: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/preeclampsia-screening-april-2017
    April 25, 2017 - pressure 140 mm Hg or higher, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or higher, or a health condition requiring … Drugs for treatment of very high blood pressure during pregnancy. … Screening for high blood pressure in adults: U.S. … Blood-pressure measurement and classification in pregnancy. … Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals, part 1: blood pressure

87. Archived: Evidence Summary: Abnormal Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary25/screening-for-abnormal-blood-glucose-and-type-2-diabetes-october-2015
    April 13, 2015 - Combined effects of routine blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control on macrovascular and … Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. … Blood pressure and glucose control in subjects with diabetes: new analyses from ADVANCE. … Long-term follow-up after tight control of blood pressure in type 2 diabetes. … Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria,

88. Archived: Final Research Plan: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan142/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening-january-2017
    October 30, 2014 - with OSA, treatment may improve intermediate outcomes, such as changes in the apnea-hypopnea index, blood … pressure, and daytime somnolence/sleepiness (key question 4), and also health outcomes, such as mortality … pressure, or sleepiness) in persons with OSA? … Is there an association between reduction in blood pressure and health outcomes? 5. … pressure?

89. Figure. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Clinical Summary (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/yBxQssfCeRcD6BBeP2QjdQ
    calculator derived from these equations takes into account age, sex, race, cholesterol levels, systolic blood … pressure level, antihypertension treatment, presence of diabetes, and smoking status as risk factors … electrocardiography, use of nontraditional risk factors in CVD risk assessment, screening for high blood … pressure, screening for abnormal blood glucose levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus, interventions for

90. Archived: Final Research Plan: Abnormal Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan16/screening-for-abnormal-blood-glucose-and-type-2-diabetes-october-2015
    August 15, 2013 - Is there evidence that more stringent blood pressure control, lipid control, or lifestyle interventions … hemoglobin A1c levels), impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance, and also abnormal blood … pressure and/or lipid levels KQ 6: Asymptomatic, nonpregnant adults with impaired fasting glucose … intervention for glycemic control; lifestyle modification KQ 5: Any intervention for more stringent blood … pressure or lipid control or aspirin; more intensive lifestyle modification KQ 7: All of the above

91. Final Research Plan: Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/screening-for-prediabetes-and-type-2-diabetes
    November 15, 2018 - † Other intermediate outcomes include blood pressure, lipid levels, body mass index, weight, and … Do interventions for prediabetes improve other intermediate outcomes (blood pressure, lipid levels, BMI … for more intensive risk reduction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including more intensive blood … pressure control, lipid control, or aspirin KQs 7–9: Primary care–relevant behavioral counseling … pressure targets), or attention controls (for lifestyle interventions) KQ 6: All comparisons eligible

92. Recommendation: Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Assessment With Nontraditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cardiovascular-disease-screening-using-nontraditional-risk-assessment
    July 10, 2018 - Screening Tests ABI is the ratio of the systolic blood pressure at the ankle (measuring the pressure … proximal to the dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial artery) to the systolic blood pressure at the brachial … The ABI is the ratio of the systolic blood pressure at the ankle (measuring the pressure proximal to … the dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial artery) to the systolic blood pressure at the brachial artery. … Screening for high blood pressure in adults: U.S.

93. Update on Methods: Insufficient Evidence | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/update-methods-insufficient-evidence
    March 04, 2021 - Contrast: Application to Screening for High Blood Pressure in Adolescents   Screening for high blood … Considering this information, a clinician might decide in favor of assessing blood pressure routinely … of blood pressure.  … Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation on High Blood Pressure Screening, 2003. … Recommendations for Adults: Heart and Vascular Diseases: Screening for High Blood Pressure.

94. Archived: Final Research Plan: Healthy Diet: Behavioral Counseling in Primary Care, January 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan29/diet-behavioral-counseling-primary-care-adults-2003
    February 03, 2014 - for healthy diet and/or physical activity improve intermediate outcomes associated with CVD (e.g., blood … pressure, lipid levels, fasting glucose, body mass index) in adults with known CVD risk factors (e.g … syndrome, or impaired fasting glucose, such that >50% of the population is on medication; mean systolic blood … pressure >140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >160 mg … related to CVD, diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia; mortality) KQ 2: Intermediate outcomes (blood

95. untitled (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/VNs-WaxpPcsodxCb57gYmn
    January 03, 2017 - pressure) in populations referred for treatment. … pressure. … pressure (diurnal systolic blood pressure WMD, −2.4 [95% CI, −3.9 to −0.9] and diurnal dia- stolic blood … (WMD, −1.5 [95% CI, −2.8 to −0.2]; 5 studies; n = 267) but not blood pressure. … pressure were found.

96. Recommendation: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthy-lifestyle-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
    July 26, 2022 - to adults 18 years or older without known CVD risk factors, which include hypertension or elevated blood … pressure, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance, or mixed or multiple risk factors … pressure or hypertension, dyslipidemia, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy diet. … pressure or hypertension, dyslipidemia, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy diet. 2 , 4 Adults … lower systolic blood pressure (−0.8 mm Hg [95% CI, −1.30 to −0.31]), diastolic blood pressure (−0.42

97. Screening for Abnormal Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Summary (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3khZ9a2mY7eYPVhNY5ZdkC
    for cardiovascular events (overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, abnormal lipid levels, high blood … pressure, and smoking).

98. Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/EHr5y9g2_QfQzWKBCNq7rX
    November 01, 2020 - increased risk of CVD, defined as those with 1 or more of the following: 1) Hypertension or elevated blood … pressure 2) Dyslipidemia 3) Mixed or multiple risk factors such as the metabolic syndrome or an estimated … Risk factors include: dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure or hypertension, or multiple or mixed risk

99. Effectiveness of Primary Care–Relevant Treatments for Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hbSopN6uA9u-4EQuKtRGDP
    October 01, 2011 - Effects on intermediate outcomes (for example, lipids and blood pressure) were mixed and small. … Blood Pressure Absolute reductions of 2 to 5 mm Hg in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reported … Metformin did not have favorable effects on blood pressure (22, 90). … Difference between intervention and control groups in changes in systolic blood pressure. … The Hypertension Prevention Trial: three-year effects of dietary changes on blood pressure.

100. Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for CVD Prevention in Adults Without Known CVD Risk Factors: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/HMSNGkJatRuN5VoVWfbuFL
     March 01, 2022 - prevented by ad- dressing modifiable risk factors, including smoking, obesity, diabe- tes, elevated blood … pressure or hypertension, dyslipidemia, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy diet.2,4 Adults who … be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors, including smoking, obesity, diabetes, elevated blood … pressure or hypertension, dyslipidemia, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy diet. … pressure, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance, or mixed or multiple risk factors