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1. Berlin A et al. 2006 "A taxonomic description of computer-based clinical decision support systems." | Digital Healthcare Research
   digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/workflow-assessment-health-it-toolkit/research/berlin-et-al-2006
   January 01, 2006 - applicable Type of Health IT Decision support system Type of Health IT Functions The authors … Workflow-Related Findings The authors classified "CDSSs as being moderately integrated to well integrated … The authors "coded CDSSs as having workflow flexibility if the target decision maker could choose when … The authors define "a CDSS as offering 'action integration' when users are provided with single-click … Study Design Systematic literature review Study Participants The authors searched PubMed and

2. Impact of emerging technologies on medication errors and adverse drug events | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
   digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/impact-emerging-technologies
   July 15, 2021 - Impact of emerging technologies on medication errors and adverse drug events Authors:  Oren … Quality of Care and Patient Safety Outcome:  The authors concluded based on 11 studies of computerized … From seven studies of automated dispensing machines the authors concluded that use of these systems resulted … From seven studies of bar coding the authors concluded that use of these systems resulted in decrease … of medication errors and from five studies of computerized medication administration records the authors

3. Implementation of a comprehensive computer-based patient record system in Kaiser Permanente's Northwest Region | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
   digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/implementation-comprehensive
   July 26, 2021 - comprehensive computer-based patient record system in Kaiser Permanente's Northwest Region Authors … Study Outcomes:  Implementation costs Summary: Settings:  Kaiser Primary Care Clinic HIT System:  The authors … Costs:  Operating cost: The authors report that using the computer required an average of 2 minutes and … Cost of Implementation:  The authors report that Òhands-onÓ training to use the system took approximately … Clinician acceptance:  The authors reported that clinician acceptance was high and that 89% of clinicians

4. Unertl KM, Weinger MB, Johnson KB, et al. "Describing and modeling workflow and information flow in chronic disease care." | Digital Healthcare Research
   digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/workflow-assessment-health-it-toolkit/research/unertl-km
   January 01, 2023 - The authors iteratively collected data using direct observation and semi-structured interviews. … MEASUREMENTS: The authors observed all aspects of care in three different chronic disease clinics for … The authors then developed models of workflow and information flow using Hierarchical Task Analysis and … The authors also conducted nine semi-structured interviews to confirm and refine the models. … CONCLUSIONS: In response to the analysis of workflow and information flow, the authors developed ten

5. Shiffman RN et al. 1999 "Computer-based guideline implementation systems: a systematic review of functionality and effectiveness." | Digital Healthcare Research
   digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/workflow-assessment-health-it-toolkit/research/shiffman-rn-et-al-1999
   January 01, 1999 - [Link] Abstract "In this systematic review, the authors analyze the functionality provided by recent … Articles were included if the authors indicated an intent to implement guideline recommendations for … Also the authors sought to "analyze which information management services have been delivered by recently … applicable Type of Health IT Decision support system Type of Health IT Functions The authors

6. Costs and benefits of picture archiving and communication systems | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
   digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/costs-and-benefits-picture
   August 02, 2021 - Costs and benefits of picture archiving and communication systems Authors:  Becker SH, Arenson … and indirect costs of PACSs, benefits of PACSs Summary: Settings:  Hospitals Evaluation Method:  The authors … The authors discussed several explanations for the differences. … Benefits:  The authors cited a few studies to suggest that PACSs will affect physician behaviors, patient

7. Some Unintended Consequences of Information Technology in Health Care: The Nature of Patient Care Information System-related Errors. | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
   digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-bibliography/computerized-provider-order-entry-cpoe-systems
   July 12, 2021 - Netherlands, and Australia, using similar qualitative methods to investigate implementing PCISs, the authors … The authors describe the kinds of silent errors they have witnessed and, from their disciplines (information … The authors believe that with a heightened awareness of these issues, informaticians can educate, design

8. The clinical value of computerized information services. A review of 98 randomized clinical trials | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
   digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/clinical-value-computerized
   May 01, 1996 - A review of 98 randomized clinical trials Authors:  Balas EA, Austin SM, Mitchell JA, Ewigman … Clinical Outcomes:  o Changes in healthcare utilization: The authors report the percent of HIT implementation … , Outpatient care, return and follow-up visits 64% Quality of Care and Patient Safety Outcome:  The authors … psychological measures reported beneficial effects of the HIT implementation Changes in healthcare costs:  The authors

9. Byrne JM et al. 2009 "Initial experience with patient-clinician secure messaging at a VA medical center." | Digital Healthcare Research
   digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/workflow-assessment-health-it-toolkit/experience-research/byrne-jm-et
   January 01, 2023 - [Link] Abstract "The authors implemented what is possibly the first secure messaging system in … To address known concerns of clinicians, the authors analyzed secure messaging use and performed a content … In addition, the authors believe that clinicians experienced clinical adoption inertia resulting from … The authors learned that to promote clinician adoption they must demonstrate workload benefits from secure

10. Technology | Digital Healthcare Research
    digital.ahrq.gov/ahrq-funded-projects/past-initiatives/medicaid-and-chip/medicaid-and-chip-repository/technology
    January 01, 2023 - and/or CHIP an overview of current capabilities and opportunity for improvement. ( PDF , 850.45 KB) Authors … CMS Guidance for Exchange and Medicaid Information Technology (IT) Systems. ( PDF , 185.89 KB)    Authors … Health Insurance Exchange Basics Authors : Alan Weil, Adi Shafir, and Sarabeth Zemel Source : nashp.org … research data and terminology standards are mentioned, as are the collaborations and activities the authors

11. Effects of computerized clinical decision support systems on practitioner performance and patient outcomes: a systematic review | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/effects-computerized-clinical
    March 09, 2005 - decision support systems on practitioner performance and patient outcomes: a systematic review Authors … Developers of the software were study authors in 72% of trials. 76 took place in academic centers. 33% … Quality of Care and Patient Safety Outcome:  The authors described their results in the following categories … Among study factors associated with success, the authors reported that studies in which users were automatically

12. Medical groups' adoption of electronic health records and information systems. Practices are encountering greater-than-expected barriers to adopting an EHR system, but the adoption rate continues to rise | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/medical-groups-adoption
    August 16, 2021 - greater-than-expected barriers to adopting an EHR system, but the adoption rate continues to rise Authors … would translate to a 10% reduction in take-home pay each year for most primary care physicians per the authors … would translate to a 10% reduction in take-home pay each year for most primary care physicians per the authors

13. Computer based nursing documentation means to achieve the goal | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/computer-based-nursing
    Computer based nursing documentation means to achieve the goal Authors:  Burkle T, Michel A … Cost of Implementation:  The authors report that no specific ICU software has been used nor have bedside … The authors report that up to 10% of the paper forms contained false TISS scores due to mathematical … The authors stated that the use of the electronic system provided more complete documentation due to

14. Impact of voice- and knowledge-enabled clinical reporting--US example | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/impact-voice-and-knowledge
    January 01, 2002 - Impact of voice- and knowledge-enabled clinical reporting--US example Authors:  Bushko RG, … Implementation:  The authors introduced voice-enabled and guidelines-based clinical reporting and described … Changes in efficiency and productivity:  The authors estimated the cost-savings of the system by eliminating … The authors predicted that, if only 14 percent of all US physicians (100,000 physicians) adopted voice

15. The effects of a computer-assisted reminder system on patient compliance with recommended health maintenance procedures | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/effects-computer-assisted
    January 01, 1995 - computer-assisted reminder system on patient compliance with recommended health maintenance procedures Authors … Description:  The computer-assisted reminder system was designed by two of the authors, and it was implemented … Quality of Care and Patient Safety Outcome:  In the 22 months following implementation the authors documented

16. A usability evaluation of four commercial dental computer-based patient record systems | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-bibliography/usability/usability-evaluation-four-commercial
    The authors conducted formal usability tests of four dental CPR systems by using a purposive sample of … The authors measured task outcomes in each CPR system while the participants performed nine clinical … The authors identified 286 usability problems.

17. Will electronic order entry reduce health care costs? | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/will-electronic-order-entry
    April 01, 2002 - Authors:  Birkmeyer CM, Lee J, Bates DW, Birkmeyer JD Journal:  Eff Clin Pract Publication Date:  2002 … Implementation:  The authors report the following estimates (presumably in 2001 dollars, not otherwise … associated with electronic order entry implementation: Changes in healthcare costs:  Potential savings: The authors … By synthesizing the existing literature and incorporating judgments from experts in the field, the authors

18. Systematic review of scope and quality of electronic patient record data in primary care | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/systematic-review-scope-and
    May 17, 2021 - Systematic review of scope and quality of electronic patient record data in primary care Authors … Clinical Outcomes:  The authors report that 48 publications concerned diagnostic data, 37 studies measured

19. Email consultations in health care: 1--scope and effectiveness | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/email-consultations-health-care
    August 21, 2004 - Email consultations in health care: 1--scope and effectiveness Authors:  Car, J., Sheikh, A … The authors reported that email increased the communication burden on clinicians and staff and did not … The authors conclude that there is little evidence yet from controlled clinical trials that the potential

20. Cost effectiveness of two interventions for reducing outpatient prescribing costs | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/cost-effectiveness-two
    June 01, 1989 - Cost effectiveness of two interventions for reducing outpatient prescribing costs Authors:  … Costs:  Intervention costs: The authors reported that the cost of performing the HIT feedback was Òzero … intervention required 20% of full time effort of two pharmacists Changes in healthcare costs:  The authors