-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ems-blood-transfusion-protocol.pdf
September 24, 2024 - Risk of bias (internal validity) is only assessed for controlled trials and comparative observational … In general, observational studies that do not perform adjustment for potential
confounders will be assessed … The strength of evidence will be assessed as low, moderate, high, or insufficient, and the magnitude … of
the effect will be assessed according to Table 2. … relevant, additional domains, such as dose-response association and
strength of association, will also be assessed
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/heart-disease-ace-inhibitor-arb-disposition.pdf
March 10, 2010 - In
addition, the GRADE tables (Appendix tables 41-47) include details on
how each domain was assessed … for all of the assessed questions and
analyses. … key question 1 utilized intention to treat methodologies, its
impact on total mortality could not be assessed … such as stroke) was an inherently different endpoint than cardiac
death which justified them being assessed
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/multiple-sclerosis_research-protocol.pdf
December 17, 2013 - However, we will not limit our search so that potential language bias
can be assessed.
B. … Assessment of Methodological Risk of Bias of Individual Studies
Risk of bias of eligible studies will be assessed … Studies assessed with an overall high risk of bias will
not be included in evidence synthesis due to … (4) precision (degree of
certainty around an estimate).16 A fifth domain, reporting bias, will be assessed
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_10-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
January 01, 2011 - regression, the assumption that
the mean of the outcome is a linear function of the
covariates should be assessed … if Cox proportional hazards
regression is used, then the proportional hazards
assumption should be assessed … propensity score is used,
balance in study covariates between exposure
groups should be carefully assessed … The consequences of unmeasured
confounding will need to be assessed using
sensitivity analysis.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/dental-post-transplant-complications-rapid-research.pdf
May 01, 2025 - We assessed SRs
using AMSTAR2.24 RoB2 determined RCTs to have low risk of bias, some concerns, or high … Outcomes assessed included cGVHD response, oral mucositis severity, salivary flow rate, oral
candida … Oral mucositis severity was assessed using the Oral
Mucositis Assessment Scale, with scores ranging … Time Since
Transplant
Intervention
Group
Treatment
Control
Group
Treatment
Outcomes Assessed … of Bias
Study Design
Sample Size
(Treatment/Contr
ol)
Treatment
Comparison
Outcomes
Assessed
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ace-inhibitor-arb-update-surveillance-160328.pdf
October 08, 2025 - $Likely$not$clinically$
significant.$$
•$ Relatively$few$studies$assessed$outcomes$over$long"term. … $RESULTS:$Of$the$226$patients$assessed$for$eligibility,$
169$satisfied$the$inclusion/exclusion$criteria … &ARBs&
One$RCT1$of$422$patients$
assessed$treatment$with$ACEI$
ramipril$(R)$vs. … $RCT2$486$patients$with$
autosomal$dominant$polycystic$
kidney$disease$(ADPKD)$and$
hypertension$assessed … renal$function,$favoring$ACEIs.$
Likely$not$clinically$significant.$$
•$ Relatively$few$studies$
assessed
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/rotator-cuff-tear-surveillance-140925.pdf
February 01, 2014 - One
review was
withdrawn
(Ejnisman et al.
2009; last assessed
in 2003)67 and the
other review’s … Seo SS, et 2012 The factors affecting 119 patients that Arthroscopic rotator Stiffness (assessed with … Seo SS, et 2012 The factors affecting 119 patients that Arthroscopic rotator Stiffness (assessed with … ): NS
(p=0.272)
Global improvement (patient-assessed): NS
(p=0.164)
Sodium hyaluronate vs. … Eight studies, including three comparative and five
uncontrolled studies, assessed augmentations for
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/trauma-child-interventions_executive.pdf
February 01, 2013 - Risk-of-Bias Assessment
Two independent reviewers assessed risk of bias (internal
validity) for each … We assessed the
potential for selection bias, performance bias, attrition
bias, detection bias, and … We assessed
19 included articles as medium risk of bias and 5 as low
risk of bias. … None of the mental health outcomes
examined were assessed via clinician diagnosis. … As noted, few included
studies assessed long-term outcomes.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/autism-update_executive.pdf
August 01, 2014 - ASD = autism spectrum disorder
Study Selection
Two reviewers independently assessed each abstract … Strength of the evidence is assessed for
a limited set of critical outcomes, typically those related … We assessed the strength
of the evidence for studies addressing KQs 1 and 7, which
deal specifically … Then we assessed the number of studies and
range of study designs for a given intervention-outcome … We excluded 2,012 studies at abstract review
and assessed the full text of 627 studies.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/aggression_executive.pdf
October 01, 2016 - Applicability
We assessed applicability of the evidence following
guidance from the Methods Guide … Multimodal Interventions Versus Usual Care
No studies assessed multimodal interventions to
prevent … Medication Protocols Versus Other Medication Protocols
or Alternative Strategies
No studies assessed … Six studies assessed different medication protocols; the
strength of evidence for each was insufficient … Earlier reviews
of risk assessments assessed whether they could decrease
agitation, which is often
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/depression-treatment-ssri_surveillance.pdf
January 01, 2013 - assessments:
• If we found no new evidence or only confirmatory evidence and all responding experts
assessed … some new evidence that might change the CER conclusion, and /or a
minority of responding experts assessed … substantial new evidence that might change the CER conclusion, and/or a
majority of responding experts assessed … assessed in more than 2trials
We identified an RCT
comparing SSRI alone vs
SSRI + augmentation with … Only lithium
augmentation
was assessed
in more than
two trials.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-2024-surv-rep-update-executive-sum.pdf
January 01, 2024 - We included RCTs and comparative observational studies
with a minimum of 4 weeks duration that assessed … Strength of evidence was assessed as low, moderate, high, or
insufficient, and magnitude of effect was … assessed according to Table A.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-evidence-summary-2022-update_0.pdf
January 01, 2022 - randomized controlled trials and comparative observational
studies with a minimum of 4 weeks duration that assessed … Strength of evidence was assessed as low, moderate, high, or insufficient, and
magnitude of effect was … assessed according to Table A.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/making-healthcare-safer-IV.pdf
August 04, 2023 - What studies have assessed the effectiveness and unintended effects of infection
surveillance PSPs … done for the MHS III
report) in English and performed in the United States, and having each study assessed … What studies have assessed the effectiveness and unintended effects of infection surveillance PSPs for
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/juvenile-arthritis-dmards_executive.pdf
September 01, 2011 - (h) The outcomes measures assessed were those most
commonly used in clinical trials and practice, as … The outcome measures assessed
were:
• Measures of disease activity:
- Active joint count (AJC)
- Physician … consensus-based definition of remission
- Flare
- Minimal disease activity (MDA)
These instruments were assessed
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/tethered-spinal-cord-protocol.pdf
July 19, 2023 - Element
Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria
Population KQ1: Pediatric or adult patients assessed … be excluded; controlled studies
exclusively reported in non-English language publications will be assessed … For
each domain, we assessed the potential risk of bias in the study in order to identify
high risk … on the Key Question,
diagnostic and treatment approach, comparator, and outcome) will be initially assessed … findings.
12
Assessing Applicability
Applicability will be assessed
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/assessing-the-risk-of-bias_draft-report.pdf
June 02, 2011 - Generally speaking, exclude precision and applicability when assessing
the risk of bias since these are assessed … x x x x x
Are interventions/exposures assessed using valid and reliable measures,
implemented consistently … x x x x x
Are primary outcomes assessed using valid and reliable measures,
implemented consistently … x x x x x
Are confounding variables assessed using valid and reliable measures,
implemented consistently … For example, one commonly
assessed component in RCTs is allocation concealment.
35
Reviewers assess
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/vte-protocol-8-4-10.pdf
February 01, 2008 - Additionally, randomized controlled
trials will be assessed for randomization technique and allocation … Observational studies will be assessed for sample size, participant selection method,
exposure measurement … This can be
assessed through the evaluation of both design and study limitations. … five of the following seven criteria: primary care
population, less stringent eligibility criteria, assessed … final health outcomes, adequate
study duration with clinically relevant treatment modalities, assessed
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cognitive-decline_executive.pdf
March 01, 2017 - A number of reviews have assessed the evidence of
relationships between risk and protective factors … Over shorter terms
and in smaller studies, changes in cognitive function are
assessed using validated … Results were extracted only from studies assessed as
having low to moderate risk of bias. … Intermediate cognitive outcomes
were assessed using neuropsychological tests or
biomarkers. … Searches were difficult because key words could only
identify studies that assessed cognitive performance
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/blood-clots-hip-knee-surgery_research-protocol.pdf
February 01, 2008 - Additionally, randomized controlled
trials will be assessed for randomization technique and allocation … Observational studies will be assessed for sample size, participant selection method,
exposure measurement … This can be
assessed through the evaluation of both design and study limitations. … five of the following seven criteria: primary care
population, less stringent eligibility criteria, assessed … final health outcomes, adequate
study duration with clinically relevant treatment modalities, assessed