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  1. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ems-blood-transfusion-protocol.pdf
    September 24, 2024 - Risk of bias (internal validity) is only assessed for controlled trials and comparative observational … In general, observational studies that do not perform adjustment for potential confounders will be assessed … The strength of evidence will be assessed as low, moderate, high, or insufficient, and the magnitude … of the effect will be assessed according to Table 2. … relevant, additional domains, such as dose-response association and strength of association, will also be assessed
  2. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/heart-disease-ace-inhibitor-arb-disposition.pdf
    March 10, 2010 - In addition, the GRADE tables (Appendix tables 41-47) include details on how each domain was assessed … for all of the assessed questions and analyses. … key question 1 utilized intention to treat methodologies, its impact on total mortality could not be assessed … such as stroke) was an inherently different endpoint than cardiac death which justified them being assessed
  3. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/multiple-sclerosis_research-protocol.pdf
    December 17, 2013 - However, we will not limit our search so that potential language bias can be assessed. B. … Assessment of Methodological Risk of Bias of Individual Studies Risk of bias of eligible studies will be assessed … Studies assessed with an overall high risk of bias will not be included in evidence synthesis due to … (4) precision (degree of certainty around an estimate).16 A fifth domain, reporting bias, will be assessed
  4. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_10-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - regression, the assumption that the mean of the outcome is a linear function of the covariates should be assessed … if Cox proportional hazards regression is used, then the proportional hazards assumption should be assessed … propensity score is used, balance in study covariates between exposure groups should be carefully assessed … The consequences of unmeasured confounding will need to be assessed using sensitivity analysis.
  5. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/dental-post-transplant-complications-rapid-research.pdf
    May 01, 2025 - We assessed SRs using AMSTAR2.24 RoB2 determined RCTs to have low risk of bias, some concerns, or high … Outcomes assessed included cGVHD response, oral mucositis severity, salivary flow rate, oral candida … Oral mucositis severity was assessed using the Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale, with scores ranging … Time Since Transplant Intervention Group Treatment Control Group Treatment Outcomes Assessed … of Bias Study Design Sample Size (Treatment/Contr ol) Treatment Comparison Outcomes Assessed
  6. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ace-inhibitor-arb-update-surveillance-160328.pdf
    October 08, 2025 - $Likely$not$clinically$ significant.$$ •$ Relatively$few$studies$assessed$outcomes$over$long"term. … $RESULTS:$Of$the$226$patients$assessed$for$eligibility,$ 169$satisfied$the$inclusion/exclusion$criteria … &ARBs& One$RCT1$of$422$patients$ assessed$treatment$with$ACEI$ ramipril$(R)$vs. … $RCT2$486$patients$with$ autosomal$dominant$polycystic$ kidney$disease$(ADPKD)$and$ hypertension$assessed … renal$function,$favoring$ACEIs.$ Likely$not$clinically$significant.$$ •$ Relatively$few$studies$ assessed
  7. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/rotator-cuff-tear-surveillance-140925.pdf
    February 01, 2014 - One review was withdrawn (Ejnisman et al. 2009; last assessed in 2003)67 and the other review’s … Seo SS, et 2012 The factors affecting 119 patients that Arthroscopic rotator Stiffness (assessed with … Seo SS, et 2012 The factors affecting 119 patients that Arthroscopic rotator Stiffness (assessed with … ): NS (p=0.272) Global improvement (patient-assessed): NS (p=0.164) Sodium hyaluronate vs. … Eight studies, including three comparative and five uncontrolled studies, assessed augmentations for
  8. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/trauma-child-interventions_executive.pdf
    February 01, 2013 - Risk-of-Bias Assessment Two independent reviewers assessed risk of bias (internal validity) for each … We assessed the potential for selection bias, performance bias, attrition bias, detection bias, and … We assessed 19 included articles as medium risk of bias and 5 as low risk of bias. … None of the mental health outcomes examined were assessed via clinician diagnosis. … As noted, few included studies assessed long-term outcomes.
  9. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/autism-update_executive.pdf
    August 01, 2014 - ASD = autism spectrum disorder Study Selection Two reviewers independently assessed each abstract … Strength of the evidence is assessed for a limited set of critical outcomes, typically those related … We assessed the strength of the evidence for studies addressing KQs 1 and 7, which deal specifically … Then we assessed the number of studies and range of study designs for a given intervention-outcome … We excluded 2,012 studies at abstract review and assessed the full text of 627 studies.
  10. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/aggression_executive.pdf
    October 01, 2016 - Applicability We assessed applicability of the evidence following guidance from the Methods Guide … Multimodal Interventions Versus Usual Care No studies assessed multimodal interventions to prevent … Medication Protocols Versus Other Medication Protocols or Alternative Strategies No studies assessed … Six studies assessed different medication protocols; the strength of evidence for each was insufficient … Earlier reviews of risk assessments assessed whether they could decrease agitation, which is often
  11. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/depression-treatment-ssri_surveillance.pdf
    January 01, 2013 - assessments: • If we found no new evidence or only confirmatory evidence and all responding experts assessed … some new evidence that might change the CER conclusion, and /or a minority of responding experts assessed … substantial new evidence that might change the CER conclusion, and/or a majority of responding experts assessedassessed in more than 2trials We identified an RCT comparing SSRI alone vs SSRI + augmentation with … Only lithium augmentation was assessed in more than two trials.
  12. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-2024-surv-rep-update-executive-sum.pdf
    January 01, 2024 - We included RCTs and comparative observational studies with a minimum of 4 weeks duration that assessed … Strength of evidence was assessed as low, moderate, high, or insufficient, and magnitude of effect was … assessed according to Table A.
  13. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-evidence-summary-2022-update_0.pdf
    January 01, 2022 - randomized controlled trials and comparative observational studies with a minimum of 4 weeks duration that assessed … Strength of evidence was assessed as low, moderate, high, or insufficient, and magnitude of effect was … assessed according to Table A.
  14. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/making-healthcare-safer-IV.pdf
    August 04, 2023 - What studies have assessed the effectiveness and unintended effects of infection surveillance PSPs … done for the MHS III report) in English and performed in the United States, and having each study assessed … What studies have assessed the effectiveness and unintended effects of infection surveillance PSPs for
  15. Layout 1 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/juvenile-arthritis-dmards_executive.pdf
    September 01, 2011 - (h) The outcomes measures assessed were those most commonly used in clinical trials and practice, as … The outcome measures assessed were: • Measures of disease activity: - Active joint count (AJC) - Physician … consensus-based definition of remission - Flare - Minimal disease activity (MDA) These instruments were assessed
  16. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/tethered-spinal-cord-protocol.pdf
    July 19, 2023 - Element Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria Population KQ1: Pediatric or adult patients assessed … be excluded; controlled studies exclusively reported in non-English language publications will be assessed … For each domain, we assessed the potential risk of bias in the study in order to identify high risk … on the Key Question, diagnostic and treatment approach, comparator, and outcome) will be initially assessed … findings. 12 Assessing Applicability Applicability will be assessed
  17. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/assessing-the-risk-of-bias_draft-report.pdf
    June 02, 2011 - Generally speaking, exclude precision and applicability when assessing the risk of bias since these are assessed … x x x x x Are interventions/exposures assessed using valid and reliable measures, implemented consistently … x x x x x Are primary outcomes assessed using valid and reliable measures, implemented consistently … x x x x x Are confounding variables assessed using valid and reliable measures, implemented consistently … For example, one commonly assessed component in RCTs is allocation concealment. 35 Reviewers assess
  18. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/vte-protocol-8-4-10.pdf
    February 01, 2008 - Additionally, randomized controlled trials will be assessed for randomization technique and allocation … Observational studies will be assessed for sample size, participant selection method, exposure measurement … This can be assessed through the evaluation of both design and study limitations. … five of the following seven criteria: primary care population, less stringent eligibility criteria, assessed … final health outcomes, adequate study duration with clinically relevant treatment modalities, assessed
  19. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cognitive-decline_executive.pdf
    March 01, 2017 - A number of reviews have assessed the evidence of relationships between risk and protective factors … Over shorter terms and in smaller studies, changes in cognitive function are assessed using validated … Results were extracted only from studies assessed as having low to moderate risk of bias. … Intermediate cognitive outcomes were assessed using neuropsychological tests or biomarkers. … Searches were difficult because key words could only identify studies that assessed cognitive performance
  20. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/blood-clots-hip-knee-surgery_research-protocol.pdf
    February 01, 2008 - Additionally, randomized controlled trials will be assessed for randomization technique and allocation … Observational studies will be assessed for sample size, participant selection method, exposure measurement … This can be assessed through the evaluation of both design and study limitations. … five of the following seven criteria: primary care population, less stringent eligibility criteria, assessed … final health outcomes, adequate study duration with clinically relevant treatment modalities, assessed

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