- 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/pneumonia-antibiotic-treatment_executive.pdf
November 01, 2014 - Antibiotic stewardship programs have several goals. … has 
been suggested as a strategy for antibiotic stewardship 
programs to employ to improve antibiotic … stewardship refer to PK and 
PD considerations as important parts of antimicrobial 
stewardship.38 … Policy statement on antimicrobial stewardship by the Society for 
Healthcare Epidemiology of America … When pharmacodynamics trump costs: an 
antimicrobial stewardship program’s approach to selecting optimal
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/procalcitonin-future_research.pdf
August 01, 2014 - role of procalcitonin to existing antibiotic stewardship 
programs and clinical practice guidelines … , nor did it address whether addition of procalcitonin to an 
antibiotic stewardship program improves … , nor did it address whether addition of procalcitonin to an 
antibiotic stewardship program improves … Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic 
stewardship in lower 
respiratory tract infections. …  
 
 
 
A major priority is impact of 
antibiotic stewardship programs 
vs. alternatives e.g.,
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/procalcitonin_executive.pdf
October 01, 2012 - Antibiotic stewardship programs are now recommended 
for all institutions, and guidelines are available … for how 
they should function.41 Antibiotic stewardship programs 
are associated with reduced antibiotic … stewardship 
programs, nor does it address whether the addition 
of procalcitonin to an antibiotic stewardship … Antibiotic stewardship activities are usually limited to the 
acute-care hospital setting. … stewardship programs
• Antibiotic stewardship programs compared with and 
without procalcitonin guidance
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rapid-review-no-touch-modalities.pdf
May 01, 2022 - stewardship, hand hygiene) that could affect patient infection rates. 
  
 
  
  
  
 6 
Evidence … stewardship) potentially 
affecting CDI. … stewardship. … stewardship, compliance with hand hygiene and isolation precautions) that potentially could 
affect … stewardship), which 
may have affected 
infection rates.
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/mhs4-infection-prevention-mdro-rapid-research.pdf
April 01, 2024 - gloves and gowns), and appropriate room 
cleaning/environmental decontamination.63  
The rationales for antibiotic … pressure from 
antibiotics, but we will defer further discussion to our colleagues who are focusing 
on antibiotic … stewardship in a separate chapter of MHS IV. … Antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention 
interventions targeting healthcare-associated Clostridioides … Toolkit for Reduction of Clostridium difficile 
Infections Through Antimicrobial Stewardship.
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/c-difficile-update_disposition-comments.pdf
March 29, 2016 - Reviewer #1 Introduction p.9, line 50-51, would change “eliminating the 
offending antibiotic” to “antimicrobial … stewardship” because this approach is not all 
about stopping antibiotics. … stewardship or other 
leadership making decisions regarding testing 
and treatment policies. … The phrase has been replaced 
with “antimicrobial stewardship.” … stewardship, I am concerned that your search 
strategy will leave out studies.
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/making-healthcare-safer-IV.pdf
August 04, 2023 - EHC Protocol: Addressing Social Isolation To Improve Health of Older Adults: A Rapid Evidence Review
1  
 
 
 
Evidence-based Practice Center Rapid Response Protocol 
 
Project Title: Making Healthcare Safer IV: Active Infection 
Surveillance of Clostridioides difficile and Multi-Drug 
Resistant Organisms: Methic… 
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/c-difficile-future_research.pdf
October 26, 2012 - stewardship 
programs, on clinical outcomes in non-outbreak settings? … stewardship. … stewardship) on reducing CDI rates in non-outbreak settings 
 
18. … stewardship programs, on clinical outcomes in non-outbreak settings? … What is the incremental impact of various prevention strategies 
(especially antibiotic stewardship)
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/mhs4-active-infection-rapid-response.pdf
May 01, 2024 - The hospitals did not have an antimicrobial stewardship program. … An 
antibiotic stewardship program was also employed. … Infection prevention versus 
antimicrobial stewardship: Does nasal povidone-iodine interfere with methicillin-resistant
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/c-diff-infections-surveillance-140925.pdf
January 01, 2014 - The authors concluded that the findings of this study 
support the overall principles of antimicrobial … stewardship. 
37
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer78_procalcitonin_disposition_20121210.pdf
October 05, 2012 - More and more institutions are implementing antibiotic 
stewardship programs. … Antibiotic stewardship programs were not reviewed and were not a 
focus of this review. … Although antibiotic stewardship programs would 
be a good comparator, there were no RCT’s comparing PCT … guidance to antibiotic stewardship programs. … While the benefit, and the urgency, of antibiotic stewardship is 
recognized, the present evidence does
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/antibiotics-respiratory-infection_executive.pdf
January 01, 2016 - antibiotics, vaccines,  
and other therapeutics; strengthening 
surveillance of resistance; and enhancing 
antibiotic … stewardship strategies.4
The problem of inappropriate antibiotic 
use may be biggest for uncomplicated … stewardship programs, and 
pharmacist review … However, a very recent systematic review of outpatient 
antimicrobial stewardship programs that had a … Antimicrobial 
stewardship in outpatient settings: a systematic review.
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/antibiotics-respiratory-infection_disposition-comments.pdf
January 27, 2016 - the association 
between antibiotic use and resistance 
is well established, and forms the 
basis of antimicrobial … stewardship 
Agreed. … The need for robust evidence on this topic 
has never been greater and with the advent 
of antibiotic … stewardship programs, the 
ongoing problems associated with sepsis and 
the growing difficulties if … Like many institutions around 
the world, certainly here in the U.S., my 
institution has an active antibiotic
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antibiotics-respiratory-infection_clinician.pdf
March 01, 2016 - prescribing; clinician audit plus feedback; financial or regulatory incentives for clinicians or patients; 
antimicrobial … stewardship programs 
Educational Clinic-based patient or parent education about when antibiotics may
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antibiotics-respiratory-infection_research-protocol.pdf
September 22, 2014 - strep, RSV (white blood cell, chest x-ray, pulse 
oximetry, blood gasses), clinical prediction rules, antimicrobial … stewardship 
programs, risk assessment/prognostic diagnosis, and pharmacist review 
•	 Outcomes: ED … electronic), clinician 
audit and feedback, financial or regulatory incentives for clinicians or patients, 
antimicrobial … stewardship programs, pharmacist review 
5) Multifaceted approaches that include numerous elements
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/telehealth-acute-chronic_research-protocol.pdf
February 15, 2017 - and provider 
satisfaction, behavior, and decisions (e.g., patient completion of treatment, provider 
antibiotic … stewardship); volume of services; and health care processes (e.g., time to 
diagnosis or treatment). … access health care 
o	 Provider satisfaction, behavior, and decisions such as choice of treatment or antibiotic … stewardship 
o	 Time to diagnosis and time to treatment 
Source: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/c-diff-infections_research-protocol.pdf
May 24, 2010 - Prevention: antibiotic stewardship, contact barriers, dedicated medical equipment, education, 
environmental
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/mhs4-infection-prevention-mdro-protocol.pdf
July 01, 2023 - associated pneumonia/events (VAP/VAE), surgical site 
infection (SSI), as well as the broader practices of antimicrobial … stewardship and hand hygiene.
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/clinical-pathway-methods-report.pdf
December 01, 2018 - development of a clinical pathway, including experts from infectious diseases, infection 
control, antimicrobial … stewardship, pharmacy, hospital medicine, and the UPHS CDI initiative, 
as well as clinical informatics … clinical topic; for this 
project, we included experts from infectious diseases, infection control, antimicrobial … stewardship, pharmacy, hospital medicine, the UPHS CDI initiative, as well as clinical 
informatics
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/c-difficile-update_research-protocol.pdf
December 23, 2014 - for CDI 
Recurrence prevention: Adults with clinical signs 
consistent with CDI 
 
Intervention Antibiotic … stewardship, education, bundled 
preventive programs, prebiotics or probiotics 
used as preventive measures