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1. Anesthesia | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/health-topics/anesthesia

2. Executive Summary: Pain Management Interventions for Hip Fracture (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer30_hip-fracture-pain-executive-summary_20110517.pdf
   May 01, 2011 - Anesthesia Twenty­one RCTs and one nRCT (n = 1,062) evaluated anesthesia including neuraxial (i.e. … single administration) or neuraxial versus general anesthesia, or another form of anesthesia (i.e., … Spinal versus general anesthesia. … Spinal versus general anesthesia or spinal versus epidural anesthesia. … Spinal versus general anesthesia or spinal versus epidural anesthesia.

3. Surveillance Report: CER 30: Comparative Effectiveness of Pain Management for Hip Fracture (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/hip-fracture-pain_surveillance.pdf
   July 08, 2015 - Anesthesia Spinal versus general anesthesia or spinal versus epidural anesthesia: Two RCTs reported … Anesthesia Spinal versus general anesthesia or spinal versus epidural anesthesia: Two RCTs (n = 73 … anesthesia: different ! … Anesthesia Spinal versus general anesthesia or spinal versus epidural anesthesia: Two RCTs reported … Anesthesia Spinal versus general anesthesia or spinal versus epidural anesthesia: Two RCTs (n = 73

4. Disposition of Comments: Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 239: Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-239-episodic-migraine-comments.pdf
   December 29, 2020 - Viscusi, MD (American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine President) General ASRA … Viscusi, MD (American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine President) General Magnesium … Viscusi, MD (American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine President) General NSAIDs … Viscusi, MD (American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine President) General We

5. Comparative Effectiveness of Pain Management Interventions fo Hip Fracture (ppt file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/hip-fracture-pain.ppt
   May 01, 2011 - They include: Spinal and epidural anesthesia. … Effectiveness of Anesthesia on Acute Pain: Trials, Results, and Conclusions Abou-Setta AM, Beaupre LA … ) Versus general anesthesia 1 Insufficient Spinal or Epidural Anesthesia (intraoperative) With versus … Nerve blocks used intraoperatively can be as effective as spinal anesthesia for relief of acute pain. … Strength of Evidence = Moderate Can be as effective as spinal anesthesia for relief of acute pain.

6. Comparative Effectiveness of Pain Management Interventions fo Hip Fracture (ppt file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hip-fracture-pain.ppt
   May 01, 2011 - They include: Spinal and epidural anesthesia. … Effectiveness of Anesthesia on Acute Pain: Trials, Results, and Conclusions Abou-Setta AM, Beaupre LA … ) Versus general anesthesia 1 Insufficient Spinal or Epidural Anesthesia (intraoperative) With versus … Nerve blocks used intraoperatively can be as effective as spinal anesthesia for relief of acute pain. … Strength of Evidence = Moderate Can be as effective as spinal anesthesia for relief of acute pain.

7. Hip-Fracture-Pain Clinician (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hip-fracture-pain_clinician.pdf
   May 01, 2011 - . ��� Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia: The evidence is insufficient to understand the effectiveness, … addition of opioids to the anesthetic injection. ��� Continuous versus single-dose modes of spinal anesthesia … femoral, psoas compartment, and combined obturator+femoral blocks). ��� Can be as effective as spinal anesthesia … Intervention Number of Studies Timing Used in Studies Systemic Analgesia 3 Pre- and postoperative Anesthesia

8. Crosscutting-Horizon-Scan-High-Impact-1412 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/crosscutting-horizon-scan-high-impact-1412.pdf
   December 01, 2014 - These concerns have prompted guidelines to recommend that the drug be administered by an anesthesia … The system may be used only in facilities where an anesthesia professional is immediately available … However, one health systems expert noted that the definition of having an anesthesia professional “ … Sedation and anesthesia in GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008 Nov;68(5):815-26. … Projected increased growth rate of anesthesia professional-delivered sedation for colonoscopy and

9. Topic Disposition: Evaluation and Management of Headaches in Pregnancy (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/system/files/docs/headaches-pregnancy-topic-brief.pdf
   January 01, 2019 - common: one third of women in the US have a cesarean section, and most of these are receive spinal anesthesia … Although the incidence of accidental dural puncture is less than 1% after epidural anesthesia, more … Effect of Position During Spinal Anesthesia on Postdural Puncture Headache After Cesarean Section: A … Journal of Anesthesia. 2014;28(2):206-9. PMID: 23903901. 43. … Journal of Anesthesia. 2015;29(5):702-7. PMID: 25812804. 44.

10. Crosscutting-Horizon-Scan-High-Impact-1406 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/crosscutting-horizon-scan-high-impact-1406.pdf
    June 01, 2014 - These concerns have required that the drug be administered by an anesthesia professional who is not … Because sedation induced by an anesthesia professional using propofol is becoming more common,3,4 … However, one health systems expert noted that the definition of having an anesthesia professional “ … Sedation and anesthesia in GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008 Nov;68(5):815-26. … Projected increased growth rate of anesthesia professional-delivered sedation for colonoscopy and

11. Labor-Nitrous-Oxide Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/labor-nitrous-oxide_executive.pdf
    August 01, 2012 - Nitrous oxide might also be useful when a woman wants to delay use of epidural anesthesia until later … in labor, when epidural anesthesia is not immediately available (e.g., in hospitals that do not have … in-house anesthesia staff and must call in an First Stage • Uterine contractions cause dilation … Epidural and spinal anesthesia use during labor: 27-state reporting area, 2008. … An evaluation of methoxyflurane analgesia and anesthesia for obstetrics.

12. Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Postoperative Pain Management in Cardiothoracic Surgery (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/peripheral-nerve-block-protocol.pdf
    November 18, 2023 - PNBs, also called regional (non-systemic) anesthesia, involve the injection of local anesthetics (or … A TEP member with expertise in anesthesia suggested the particular focus on pain intensity increase … (Consistent with other current ASA systematic reviews on regional anesthesia.) … and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Committee on Regional Anesthesia … This includes spinal anesthesia, epidural and paravertebral anesthesia nerve blocks.

13. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/labor-nitrous-oxide_research-protocol.pdf
    August 24, 2011 - using one or more types of medication for pain relief; 76 percent used epidural or spinal analgesia/anesthesia … , 22 percent received narcotics, 3 percent received general anesthesia, and 3 percent used nitrous … Alternatives/comparators to nitrous oxide include: epidural analgesia/anesthesia; systemic drugs such … of this pain relief method, such as being less expensive and invasive than widely used regional anesthesia … Comparators No analgesic/anesthetic intervention, analgesia/anesthesia, other inhalational agents,

14. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0122_06-29-2009.pdf
    January 01, 2009 - Intervention(s): nitrous oxide inhalation Comparator(s): no analgesic/anesthetic intervention, analgesia/anesthesia

15. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/patient-safety-practices_research-protocol.pdf
    November 09, 2011 - Glycemic control by impl evidence-based interv pract that prevent hypoglycemia  Use of preoperative anesthesia … checklists (Complications due to anesthesia equipment failures)  Protocols for high risk drugs,

16. Having a breast biopsy. A review of the research for women and thier families (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-biopsy-update_consumer.pdf
    May 01, 2016 - It is done using local anesthesia (an-ess-THEE-zhuh), which means that the breast will be numbed. … It is done using general anesthesia.

17. Blood-Clots-Hip-Knee-Surgery Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/blood-clots-hip-knee-surgery_executive.pdf
    March 01, 2012 - The surgical comparison with the most identified data was general anesthesia versus regional anesthesia … The impact of general versus regional anesthesia on several measures of DVT (overall, asymptomatic, … In a previous meta-analysis of 21 studies, regional anesthesia was associated with nonsignificantly … Although one trial compared spinal versus epidural anesthesia on the risk of deep vein thrombosis, … Impact of surgical characteristics on outcomes – general vs. regional anesthesia DVT 4 RCT, 2 OBS

18. Tonsillectomy Research-Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/tonsillectomy_research-protocol.pdf
    February 10, 2016 - All  procedures  are  performed  under  general   anesthesia.       …  and  harms  of  adjunctive  perioperative  (i.e.,  preoperative,  intraoperative,  or  in   post-­anesthesia … What  are  the  benefits  and  harms  of  postoperative  (i.e.,  after  discharge  from  post-­anesthesia …   agents  for  pain   postoperatively   (i.e.,  up  to  10   days  after   discharge  from   post-­ anesthesia …     •   Postoperative  refers  to  the  period  from  discharge  from  post-­anesthesia  care  to  

19. Disposition of Comments Report for Nitrous Oxide for the Management of Labor Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/labor-nitrous-oxide_disposition-comments.pdf
    August 23, 2012 - Epidural and spinal anesthesia use during labor:27 state reporting are, 2008. … Evidence-based Obstetric Anesthesia. Editors: Stephen H. Halpern, M. Joanne Douglas. … Defining safe use of anesthesia in children. N Engl JMed. 2011;364(15):1387-1390.) … The reference on anesthesia use in children is outside the scope of this report. … An evaluation of methoxyflurane analgesia and anesthesia for obstetrics.

20. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hip-fracture-pain_research-protocol.pdf
    December 09, 2009 - interventions directly related to surgical/nonsurgical/medical treatment of the hip fracture (e.g., AEs of anesthesia … Geriatrics Society (AGS), American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), American Society of Regional Anesthesia … Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons (ABJS), European Academy of Anaesthesiology (ESA), International Anesthesia … Online: December 9, 2009 14 Appendix B – Ovid Medline Search Strategy 1. exp Pain/ 2. exp "anesthesia