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81. Archived: Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/aspirin-use-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-colorectal-cancer-preventive-medication-2002
    January 15, 2002 - Statistical Analyses For individual trials, we calculated estimates of unadjusted odds ratios with … We estimated beneficial effects by using the odds ratios calculated from the meta-analyses; estimates … Analyses in all trials were by intention to treat. … The following data come primarily from subgroup analyses and should be interpreted with caution. … Effect of Study Quality on Effectiveness of Aspirin We performed an additional set of meta-analyses

82. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review48/hepatitis-b-in-pregnant-women-screening
    June 15, 2009 - Selection:  For benefits of screening and newborn prophylaxis, we included systematic reviews; meta-analyses … For harms of screening, we included systematic reviews; meta-analyses; randomized, controlled trials; … For benefits of prenatal screening for HBV infection, we included randomized, controlled trials; meta-analyses … For harms of screening, we included systematic reviews; meta-analyses; randomized, controlled trials;

83. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review48/hepatitis-b-in-pregnant-women-screening-2009
    June 15, 2009 - Selection:  For benefits of screening and newborn prophylaxis, we included systematic reviews; meta-analyses … For harms of screening, we included systematic reviews; meta-analyses; randomized, controlled trials; … For benefits of prenatal screening for HBV infection, we included randomized, controlled trials; meta-analyses … For harms of screening, we included systematic reviews; meta-analyses; randomized, controlled trials;

84. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Depression in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary20/depression-in-adults-screening-2009
    December 15, 2009 - Methods for incorporating systematic reviews and meta-analyses are detailed elsewhere ( Appendix Table … Similarly, for the meta-analyses of antidepressant trials included for key question 4, we calculated … Overall, these meta-analyses suggested no increase in suicide but did suggest age-related effects on … Completed Suicide None of the 7 meta-analyses supplied clear evidence that use of second-generation … We reported specific analyses of most relevance where possible.

85. Evidence Summary: Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Persons: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary28/menopausal-hormone-therapy-preventive-medication
    November 01, 2022 - All quantitative analyses were conducted with Stata version 16.1 (StataCorp). … Estimates are based on meta-analyses of included trials or, if meta-analyses were not feasible, based … Subgroups Subgroup analyses were restricted to age, race and ethnicity, oophorectomy status, and a … Nevertheless, secondary analyses of the WHI that were limited to adherent participants (ie, censoring … groups, but such analyses might have been underpowered.

86. Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication
    September 28, 2021 - questions of effectiveness, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and individual participant data meta-analyses … with low τ values, sensitivity analyses with the Knapp-Hartung correction were used to adjust the standard … For rare outcomes (ie, perinatal mortality), sensitivity analyses were conducted using the Peto odds … ratio method, 23 as well as pooled analyses including and excluding studies that had no events in either … Sensitivity analyses were conducted to estimate pooled effects under more and less conservative statistical

87. Final Evidence Summary: Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hepatitis-c-screening
    March 02, 2020 - Analyses were stratified according to DAA regimen. … For SVR, separate analyses were performed for each HCV genotype. … Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic. 11 Subgroup analyses were conducted … Stratified analyses were assessed for interactions using a test for heterogeneity across subgroups. … Meta-analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc) and RevMan version 5.3.5 (Nordic

88. Evidence Summary: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/healthy-lifestyle-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
    July 26, 2022 - For intermediate health outcomes (KQ2) and behavioral outcomes (KQ3), random-effects meta-analyses were … Results of meta-regressions and subgroup analyses based on various study, population, and intervention … Considerable statistical heterogeneity ( I 2 > 90%)was present in all analyses because of wide variation … Furthermore, there was considerable statistical heterogeneity ( I 2 > 90%) present in most meta-analyses … Not all trials reporting each outcome could be included in meta-analyses given units or data reported

89. Final Evidence Review: Testicular Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review96/testicular-cancer-screening
    September 15, 2010 - Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials; meta-analyses; systematic reviews; cohort studies; and … Randomized, controlled trials; meta-analyses; systematic reviews; cohort studies; case-control studies … Selection To determine the benefits of screening, we included randomized, controlled trials; meta-analyses … To determine the harms of screening, we included randomized, controlled trials; meta-analyses; systematic

90. Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women: Evidence for the Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/mEtSwJk3YPA4BXJ8eZyD2S
    June 01, 2009 - Selection: For benefits of screening and newborn prophy- laxis, we included systematic reviews; meta-analyses … For harms of screening, we included system- atic reviews; meta-analyses; randomized, controlled trials … benefits of prenatal screening for HBV infection, we included randomized, controlled trials; meta-analyses … For harms of screening, we in- cluded systematic reviews; meta-analyses; randomized, con- trolled trials

91. Final Research Plan: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/breast-cancer-screening-adults
    May 06, 2021 - How do new findings, analyses, or longer-term followup from foundational effectiveness trials of mammography … Nations Development Programme)   Study Design KQs 1, 2: Individual participant data meta-analyses

92. Final Research Plan: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/breast-cancer-screening
    May 06, 2021 - How do new findings, analyses, or longer-term followup from foundational effectiveness trials of mammography … Nations Development Programme)   Study Design KQs 1, 2: Individual participant data meta-analyses

93. Archived: Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy for Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions: Evidence Summary: Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Preventive Medication, 2002 and 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/postmenopausal-hormone-replacement-therapy-for-primary-preve/v2-menopausal-hormone-therapy-preventive-medicatio
    August 21, 2002 - To provide an overview of benefits and harms, we conducted several meta-analyses and used these results … We used only published data in meta-analyses. … were conducted for some of the topics because either previous meta-analyses had not been published, … The logRR and standard errors provided the data points for the meta-analyses. … ). 40 , 71-77 No meta-analyses have evaluated breast cancer mortality.

94. Archived: Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy for Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions: Evidence Summary: Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Preventive Medication, 2002 and 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/postmenopausal-hormone-replacement-therapy-for-primary-preve/menopausal-hormone-therapy-preventive-medication-2002-2005
    August 21, 2002 - To provide an overview of benefits and harms, we conducted several meta-analyses and used these results … We used only published data in meta-analyses. … were conducted for some of the topics because either previous meta-analyses had not been published, … The logRR and standard errors provided the data points for the meta-analyses. … ). 40 , 71-77 No meta-analyses have evaluated breast cancer mortality.

95. Archived: Published Comments and Response: Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/published-comments-and-response/aspirin-for-the-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
    October 15, 2009 - Other trials involving women had far fewer patients than the Women's Health Study, and subgroup analyses … In general, the USPSTF is cautious when considering unplanned subgroup analyses of randomized trials, … All subgroup analyses should be considered hypothesis-generating rather than independently persuasive

96. Archived: Published Comments and Response: Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/published-comments-and-response/aspirin-for-the-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication-2009
    October 15, 2009 - Other trials involving women had far fewer patients than the Women's Health Study, and subgroup analyses … In general, the USPSTF is cautious when considering unplanned subgroup analyses of randomized trials, … All subgroup analyses should be considered hypothesis-generating rather than independently persuasive

97. 4Nuuvs6Nmztdbgjbg3Elke (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4NUuvS6nmzTdBgjBg3ELkE
    January 01, 2020 - We did random-effects meta-analyses for 5 or more studies using the DerSimonian–Laird method to estimate … Outcome analyses were also stratified by length of follow-up after randomiza- tion (short term was less … We did all analyses using Stata, version 11.2. … Of the 71 trials, only 14 could not be included in meta-analyses of inter- mediate health outcomes, … We used the DerSimonian–Laird method for random-effects meta-analyses, which has known limita- tions

98. Recommendation: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/falls-prevention-in-older-adults-interventions
    April 17, 2018 - Based on pooled analyses of 15 studies (n=4926), exercise interventions reduced the number of persons … However, given that these findings were only exploratory analyses to evaluate causes of heterogeneity … Pooled analyses found reductions in the number of falls among participants who received multifactorial … Pooled analyses showed neither a significant reduction in falls (IRR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.79 to 1.20]; 5 … Pooled analyses revealed statistically significant reductions in 1 fall-related outcome (number of falls

99. Archived: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/falls-prevention-in-older-adults-interventions-2018
    April 17, 2018 - Based on pooled analyses of 15 studies (n=4926), exercise interventions reduced the number of persons … However, given that these findings were only exploratory analyses to evaluate causes of heterogeneity … Pooled analyses found reductions in the number of falls among participants who received multifactorial … Pooled analyses showed neither a significant reduction in falls (IRR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.79 to 1.20]; 5 … Pooled analyses revealed statistically significant reductions in 1 fall-related outcome (number of falls

100. Archived: Evidence Summary: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary2/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd-august-2014
     August 26, 2014 - We did random-effects meta-analyses for 5 or more studies using the DerSimonian–Laird method to estimate … Outcome analyses were also stratified by length of follow-up after randomization (short term was less … We did all analyses using Stata, version 11.2. … Fourteen trials could not be included in meta-analyses due to limitations in reporting at the primary … We used the DerSimonian–Laird method for random-effects meta-analyses, which has known limitations 93