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221. Update on the Methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Estimating Certainty and Magnitude of Net Benefit (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4y3P9DxovKMEjNmVd2mrPp
     December 01, 2007 - Although formal decision analyses and cost-effec- tiveness analyses have been proposed as an objective … method to weigh benefits and harms, the Task Force rec- ognizes that such analyses can be complex and

222. Evidence Summary: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary29/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening
     November 15, 2022 - To determine whether meta-analyses were appropriate, the clinical and methodological heterogeneity of … Forty-seven trials reported sufficient ESS data to include in meta-analyses. … However, the meta-analyses by OSA severity subgroup (4 categories: mild to severe, mild only and mild … Third, some of the meta-analyses of RCTs evaluating the benefits of positive airway pressure (KQ5) found … Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses.

223. Archived: Breast Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - (HIP), 37 the Swedish two-county trials, 16 an overview of the Swedish trials, 40 and two meta-analyses … in mortality observed in the other six trials that included women in this age group. 30 Subgroup analyses … 0.87 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.20) only after 8-12 years of follow-up in this age group. 40 More recent meta-analyses … may have been due to chance. 42 Thus, there is conflicting evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses … , primarily based on subgroup analyses, regarding the benefit of screening women aged 40-49.

224. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
     April 06, 2023 - by Whitlock et al, 1 which involves identifying and assessing credibility of within-study subgroup analyses

225. Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/p8bwnFstpfy9KoDSJhT7m5
     February 01, 2005 - references, is included in the summary of evidence,2 evidence synthesis,3 and in the cost-effectiveness analyses … The recommendation statement, summary of evidence, and cost-effectiveness analyses review are also available … Cost-effectiveness analyses of population- based screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: evidence synthesis

226. Update on the Methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Estimating Certainty and Magnitude of Net Benefit (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/benefit.pdf
     December 01, 2007 - Although formal decision analyses and cost-effec- tiveness analyses have been proposed as an objective … method to weigh benefits and harms, the Task Force rec- ognizes that such analyses can be complex and

227. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vTJ_Zj3TAkhx45wWUDtNyt
     May 01, 2021 - factors were dyslipidemia (which was variably defined), diabe- tes, and hypertension.13,31 In pooled analyses … mortality (RR, 0.68 at 6 years [95% CI, 0.48 to 0.98]; ARD, −0.70% [95% CI, −1.36% to −0.05%]).33 In pooled analyses … In stratified analyses, the relative benefits of statin therapy did not appear to differ across a variety … In pooled analyses of trial data, statin therapy was not associated with increased risk of study withdrawal … difference between statin therapy and placebo in risk of elevation in aminotransferase levels, and pooled analyses

228. Recommendation: Unhealthy Drug Use: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/drug-use-illicit-screening
     June 09, 2020 - Meta-analyses and sensitivity analyses included only the subset of trials with data that could be pooled … adolescents; any type of drug use; and either brief or intensive interventions. 38 In sensitivity analyses … Results of meta-analyses on the association of psychosocial interventions and other outcomes, including … In pooled analyses, the risk of adverse events was generally similar in persons assigned to pharmacotherapy

229. Evidence Summary: High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening
     June 18, 2024 - evidence review, including individual study results for all outcomes at all time points, eligible subgroup analyses … reported between-group effects were used in the meta-analysis if they were reported, with adjusted analyses … However, pooled analyses indicated small increases in total quality of life after 6 to 12 months (mean … Although some individual trial findings were statistically significant, most evidence and the meta-analyses … KQ3: Behavioral outcomes Behavioral interventions 23 RCTs n = 3459 Most evidence and meta-analyses

230. Evidence Summary: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/sexually-transmitted-infections-behavioral-counseling
     August 18, 2020 - To examine age effects, within-study age-specific subgroup analyses were extracted when available, regardless … Meta-analyses of STI incidence, condom use, and unprotected intercourse were conducted. … Because fewer than 10 trials could be included in these analyses and statistical heterogeneity was fairly … Analyses to assess the sensitivity of pooled effects to individual studies or types of studies—for example … comparisons, while other trials presented post hoc exploratory subgroup comparisons 67 or secondary analyses

231. Screening for Gestational Diabetes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TYPA75a_t7HaJeDhWqCJ9n
     August 13, 2019 - Heterogeneity was ex- plored with sensitivity analyses using predefined variables (eg, study quality, … setting, differing outcome definitions); findings of within- study subgroup analyses were extracted. … For diagnostic accuracy, analyses were stratified by timing of the index test in pregnancy and comparison … There was statistical heterogeneity in some analyses in which a fair-quality trial23 found significant … What contributions do languages other than English make on the results of meta-analyses?

232. Emerging Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease: A Summary of Systematic Reviews Conducted for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/wdxHdZ2U5ggjuNW-nwun8n
     October 01, 2009 - In addition, analyses were not limited to intermediate-risk persons, and the quality of adjustment for … Our review and meta-analyses suggest that periodontal disease is an inde- pendent, though relatively … However, the sensitivity of these subgroup analyses was poor, and we could not rule out differences in … C-reactive protein as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses … Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses.

233. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/g2bEcQW6ae_NTFZ9KUxT_t
     August 24, 2021 - it does not appear to affect blood pressure, or to consistently improve lipid levels.2 In post hoc analyses … of the DPP, lifestyle intervention was effective in all subgroups, while similar analyses of the DPP … In pooled analyses, lifestyle inter- ventions were associated with a reduction in weight (pooled weighted … a reduction in the incidence of diabetes (pooled RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.64 to 0.83]).2,23 In post hoc analyses … from prediabetes to dia- betes in persons with a history of gestational diabetes, based on post hoc analyses

234. JAMA (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/UaT8AVUSVQwSduNs8TA-_e
     June 09, 2020 - Meta-analyses and sensitivity analyses included only the subset of trials with data that could be pooled … or adolescents; any type of drug use; and either brief or intensive interventions.38 In sensitivity analyses … Results of meta-analyses on the association of psychosocial inter- ventions and other outcomes, including … In pooled analyses, the risk of adverse events was generally similar in persons assigned to pharmacotherapy

235. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary9/breast-cancer-screening-2009
     November 15, 2009 - One trial was translated into English from Russian for this update. 18 We also reviewed meta-analyses … For mammography, we focused our searches on recently published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of … Meta-analyses of trials for women aged 50 to 59 years and 60 to 69 years were done to compare with results … Published meta-analyses of randomized trials 59-61 and nonrandomized studies 59-61 of BSE also indicate … Numbers needed to treat derived from meta-analyses-sometimes informative, usually misleading.

236. Final Research Plan: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions
     July 12, 2018 - or at risk of tobacco use–related morbidity will be included, as will results from credible subgroup analyses

237. Archived: Evidence Summary: Genital Herpes Infection: Serologic Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/genital-herpes-screening-november-2016
     December 20, 2016 - To determine whether meta-analyses were appropriate, the clinical and methodological heterogeneity of … Separate models were developed for each type of serologic test, and separate analyses were conducted … The metandi program in Stata version 14 12 was used to conduct all quantitative analyses. … and specificity based on hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve and bivariate analyses … NA NA Key question 2: Accuracy of serologic screening tests 11 Total: 7129; pooled analyses

238. Final Research Plan: Tobacco Cessation in Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/tobacco-cessation-adults-interventions
     July 17, 2025 - We will also examine selected subgroup analyses reported in the included studies to explore the extent

239. Anxiety Screening: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/CXDusYW7s2xdypXMpnW9sw
     June 20, 2023 - Meta-analysis results were included from existing systematic reviews where available; meta-analyses were … of 0.20 as small, 0.50 as medium, and 0.80 as large.12 In addition to presenting overall results, analyses … For all analyses, statistical hetero- geneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. … Analyses were conducted in Stata 16.1 (StataCorp). … b Range of effects for all study groups, subgroup analyses, and time points, ie, not limited to records

240. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2Wc3FRHpVDPX2jT_WzjEXX
     July 31, 2020 - by the USPSTF in 2016 included analyses with elevated risk scenarios to reflect recent popu- lation … trends in colorectal cancer incidence15 and analyses by race.12,13 Accuracy of Screening Tests The USPSTF … reported results by age strata and generally found no significant difference; 2 reported stratified analyses … In modeling analyses, per- forming sDNA-FIT every 3 years or high-sensitivity gFOBT annually (also included … No studies included persons younger than 50 years and no subgroup analyses on harms by age were reported