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221. Estimation of Benefits, Burden, and Harms of Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies: Modeling Study for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vw-LTWCTZ_N5pAaydcNQTx
     June 21, 2016 - The number of screening tests as a measure of the burden of screening has been used for modeling analyses … Sensitivity Analyses Additional simulations were conducted using best-case and worst-case values for … data to support lowering the recommended age to begin CRC screening from 50 to 45 years, subsequent analyses … Sensitivity Analyses Model predictions for the sensitivity analysis using the best-case and worst-case … Discussion In these analyses of a general population of US 40-year-olds with- out prior diagnosis of

222. Evidence Summary: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/prostate-cancer-screening
     May 08, 2018 - Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for treatment harms. … Pooled meta-analyses were not performed for outcomes of screening effectiveness (KQ1), screening harms … Meta-analyses were performed using Stata version 14.2 (StataCorp). … In pooled meta-analyses of the 3 RCTs, there was marked statistical heterogeneity in the relative risk … Calibration and decision curve analyses mixed for each calculator.

223. Archived: Breast Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - (HIP), 37 the Swedish two-county trials, 16 an overview of the Swedish trials, 40 and two meta-analyses … in mortality observed in the other six trials that included women in this age group. 30 Subgroup analyses … 0.87 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.20) only after 8-12 years of follow-up in this age group. 40 More recent meta-analyses … may have been due to chance. 42 Thus, there is conflicting evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses … , primarily based on subgroup analyses, regarding the benefit of screening women aged 40-49.

224. Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/p8bwnFstpfy9KoDSJhT7m5
     February 01, 2005 - references, is included in the summary of evidence,2 evidence synthesis,3 and in the cost-effectiveness analyses … The recommendation statement, summary of evidence, and cost-effectiveness analyses review are also available … Cost-effectiveness analyses of population- based screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: evidence synthesis

225. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-february-2005
     February 15, 2005 - We performed meta-analyses to calculate summary estimates for AAA-related mortality and all-cause mortality … Version 4.2.2, 2003, The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, United Kingdom) to perform all statistical analyses … Agency staff and Task Force members participated in the initial design of the study and reviewed interim analyses … In sensitivity analyses, removing any of the other 3 studies, separately or in combination, had very … In sensitivity analyses, removing any of the other 3 studies, separately or in combination, had very

226. Update on the Methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Estimating Certainty and Magnitude of Net Benefit (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/benefit.pdf
     December 01, 2007 - Although formal decision analyses and cost-effec- tiveness analyses have been proposed as an objective … method to weigh benefits and harms, the Task Force rec- ognizes that such analyses can be complex and

227. Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-KMSTWRT9xbm7spaqDq_GE
     February 12, 2019 - effects, which can be related to publication bias.15 Additionally, meta-regression and sensitivity analyses … Stata version 15.1 (StataCorp LP) was used for all analyses. … Summary of Pooled Effects of Subgroup Analyses for Counseling Interventions, Organized by Counseling … analyses exploring effect sizes by study and intervention character- istics are available in the full … b Study-reported adjusted analyses were statistically significant, although effect size shown in the

228. Evidence Summary: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary29/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening
     November 15, 2022 - To determine whether meta-analyses were appropriate, the clinical and methodological heterogeneity of … Forty-seven trials reported sufficient ESS data to include in meta-analyses. … However, the meta-analyses by OSA severity subgroup (4 categories: mild to severe, mild only and mild … Third, some of the meta-analyses of RCTs evaluating the benefits of positive airway pressure (KQ5) found … Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses.

229. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vTJ_Zj3TAkhx45wWUDtNyt
     May 01, 2021 - factors were dyslipidemia (which was variably defined), diabe- tes, and hypertension.13,31 In pooled analyses … mortality (RR, 0.68 at 6 years [95% CI, 0.48 to 0.98]; ARD, −0.70% [95% CI, −1.36% to −0.05%]).33 In pooled analyses … In stratified analyses, the relative benefits of statin therapy did not appear to differ across a variety … In pooled analyses of trial data, statin therapy was not associated with increased risk of study withdrawal … difference between statin therapy and placebo in risk of elevation in aminotransferase levels, and pooled analyses

230. Recommendation: Unhealthy Drug Use: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/drug-use-illicit-screening
     June 09, 2020 - Meta-analyses and sensitivity analyses included only the subset of trials with data that could be pooled … adolescents; any type of drug use; and either brief or intensive interventions. 38 In sensitivity analyses … Results of meta-analyses on the association of psychosocial interventions and other outcomes, including … In pooled analyses, the risk of adverse events was generally similar in persons assigned to pharmacotherapy

231. Emerging Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease: A Summary of Systematic Reviews Conducted for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/wdxHdZ2U5ggjuNW-nwun8n
     October 01, 2009 - In addition, analyses were not limited to intermediate-risk persons, and the quality of adjustment for … Our review and meta-analyses suggest that periodontal disease is an inde- pendent, though relatively … However, the sensitivity of these subgroup analyses was poor, and we could not rule out differences in … C-reactive protein as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses … Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses.

232. Final Research Plan: Tobacco Cessation in Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/tobacco-cessation-adults-interventions
     July 17, 2025 - We will also examine selected subgroup analyses reported in the included studies to explore the extent

233. Evidence Summary: High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening
     June 18, 2024 - evidence review, including individual study results for all outcomes at all time points, eligible subgroup analyses … reported between-group effects were used in the meta-analysis if they were reported, with adjusted analyses … However, pooled analyses indicated small increases in total quality of life after 6 to 12 months (mean … Although some individual trial findings were statistically significant, most evidence and the meta-analyses … KQ3: Behavioral outcomes Behavioral interventions 23 RCTs n = 3459 Most evidence and meta-analyses

234. Evidence Summary: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/sexually-transmitted-infections-behavioral-counseling
     August 18, 2020 - To examine age effects, within-study age-specific subgroup analyses were extracted when available, regardless … Meta-analyses of STI incidence, condom use, and unprotected intercourse were conducted. … Because fewer than 10 trials could be included in these analyses and statistical heterogeneity was fairly … Analyses to assess the sensitivity of pooled effects to individual studies or types of studies—for example … comparisons, while other trials presented post hoc exploratory subgroup comparisons 67 or secondary analyses

235. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary9/breast-cancer-screening-2009
     November 15, 2009 - One trial was translated into English from Russian for this update. 18 We also reviewed meta-analyses … For mammography, we focused our searches on recently published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of … Meta-analyses of trials for women aged 50 to 59 years and 60 to 69 years were done to compare with results … Published meta-analyses of randomized trials 59-61 and nonrandomized studies 59-61 of BSE also indicate … Numbers needed to treat derived from meta-analyses-sometimes informative, usually misleading.

236. Screening for Gestational Diabetes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TYPA75a_t7HaJeDhWqCJ9n
     August 13, 2019 - Heterogeneity was ex- plored with sensitivity analyses using predefined variables (eg, study quality, … setting, differing outcome definitions); findings of within- study subgroup analyses were extracted. … For diagnostic accuracy, analyses were stratified by timing of the index test in pregnancy and comparison … There was statistical heterogeneity in some analyses in which a fair-quality trial23 found significant … What contributions do languages other than English make on the results of meta-analyses?

237. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/g2bEcQW6ae_NTFZ9KUxT_t
     August 24, 2021 - it does not appear to affect blood pressure, or to consistently improve lipid levels.2 In post hoc analyses … of the DPP, lifestyle intervention was effective in all subgroups, while similar analyses of the DPP … In pooled analyses, lifestyle inter- ventions were associated with a reduction in weight (pooled weighted … a reduction in the incidence of diabetes (pooled RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.64 to 0.83]).2,23 In post hoc analyses … from prediabetes to dia- betes in persons with a history of gestational diabetes, based on post hoc analyses

238. JAMA (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/UaT8AVUSVQwSduNs8TA-_e
     June 09, 2020 - Meta-analyses and sensitivity analyses included only the subset of trials with data that could be pooled … or adolescents; any type of drug use; and either brief or intensive interventions.38 In sensitivity analyses … Results of meta-analyses on the association of psychosocial inter- ventions and other outcomes, including … In pooled analyses, the risk of adverse events was generally similar in persons assigned to pharmacotherapy

239. Current Processes: Refining Evidence-based Recommendation Development | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/current-processes-refining-evidence-based-recommendation-development
     January 01, 2014 - For the literature search on benefits, the search is limited to meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and … RCTs; for harms, the search includes meta-analyses, systematic reviews, RCTs, cohort and case-control

240. Final Research Plan: Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction
     July 20, 2017 - efficacy (KQ 2) Other study designs Study Quality Good- and fair-quality studies for meta-analyses