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121. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ERAa_Bwr7hQxqZZ-X3p8Qh
     May 10, 2022 - RESULTS The review included no trials on the effectiveness of screening, 3 trials or analyses (n = 20 … pharmacologic treat- ment (KQ3).24,25 Three studies were identified since 2015 with newly pub- lished analyses … ) trial (n = 5993)8 was included in the previous review but had 2 newly published post hoc subgroup analyses … inhaled corticosteroids can reduce COPD exacerbations in persons with moderate COPD In a small subgroup analyses … COPD or who were minimally symptomatic (based on GOLD criteria), or studies that reported subgroup analyses

122. Evidence Summary: Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/primary-open-angle-glaucoma-screening
     May 24, 2022 - Analyses were stratified by medication type, and prespecified study-level subgroup analyses were conducted … All meta-analyses were conducted using Stata/SE version 14.2 or 16.1 (StataCorp). … Findings for diagnostic accuracy were consistent in analyses stratified by control type (healthy eyes … First, there was statistical heterogeneity in pooled analyses on effects of medical therapy vs placebo … Second, statistical heterogeneity was also present in pooled analyses of sensitivity and specificity.

123. Evidence Summary: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Known Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/healthful-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cardiovascular-disease-prevention-in-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     July 11, 2017 - Within each study, 1-year outcome data were chosen for meta-analyses if available; otherwise, the point … Stata version 13.1 (Stata Corp) was used for all quantitative analyses. … Meta-analyses stratified by diet-only messages, physical activity–only messages, or combined diet and … Such a priori analyses could assist in identifying groups of adults who might benefit more from such … For most outcomes, the statistical heterogeneity of pooled analyses was unimportant ( I 2 < 40%) or

124. Archived: Evidence Summary: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Known Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/healthful-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cardiovascular-disease-prevention-in-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling-july-2017
     July 11, 2017 - Within each study, 1-year outcome data were chosen for meta-analyses if available; otherwise, the point … Stata version 13.1 (Stata Corp) was used for all quantitative analyses. … Meta-analyses stratified by diet-only messages, physical activity–only messages, or combined diet and … Such a priori analyses could assist in identifying groups of adults who might benefit more from such … For most outcomes, the statistical heterogeneity of pooled analyses was unimportant ( I 2 < 40%) or

125. Collaborative Modeling of U.S. Breast Cancer Screening Strategies (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16255/collabmodelingbc/pdf
     December 01, 2015 - Finally, we conducted sensitivity analyses and analyses validating the models. … Sensitivity analyses examining a range of disutility values did not change conclusions of the analyses … Separate analyses with this model produced results that were congruent with those from analyses based … The overall conclusions were also similar across models for mostly all analyses. … Sensitivity Analyses Chapter 4.

126. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review78/ovarian-cancer-screening-2012
     April 15, 2012 - literature on benefits of screening, we included controlled trials as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses … trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and case series, as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses … literature on benefits of screening, we included controlled trials as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses … trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and case series, as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses

127. Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for CVD Prevention in Adults Without Known CVD Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/UXw277rnvJ8e_Dfsh4V3K3
     July 26, 2022 - For intermediate health outcomes (KQ2) and behavioral outcomes (KQ3), random-effects meta-analyses were … Meta-regression and stratified analyses were conducted to explore whether there were methodo- logic, … Results of meta-regressions and subgroup analyses based on various study, population, and intervention … Furthermore, there was considerable statistical heterogeneity (I2 > 90%) present in most meta-analyses … Not all trials reporting each outcome could be included in meta-analyses given units or data reported

128. Evidence Summary: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
     April 17, 2018 - In addition, the full evidence report includes results from sensitivity analyses not reported here. … Sensitivity analyses were conducted using RCTs excluded for poor quality and RCTs excluded because of … A case study of discordant overlapping meta-analyses: vitamin D supplements and fracture. … Seven of the poor-quality RCTs were used in the sensitivity analyses. … c Ten RCTs (in 13 articles) were used in sensitivity analyses for KQ1; 4 were excluded from the main

129. Draft Recommendation: Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/tobacco-smoking-cessation-in-adults-including-pregnant-women-interventions
     June 02, 2020 - Although not definitive, some subgroup analyses suggest that more intensive physician counseling (>20 … Another systematic review published in 2017, which pooled analyses of 13 studies (n=4,395), also found … Another systematic review, 35   which pooled analyses of 65 studies (n=23,331), found that cessation … Pooled analyses from 97 studies (n=26,637) found that use of any psychosocial intervention improved smoking … The majority of studies used counseling interventions, and analyses of only counseling interventions

130. Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Rn7dRezgMx5syB-erQKoKt
     November 01, 2022 - DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Dual review of abstracts, full-text articles, and study quality; meta-analyses … All quantitative analyses were conducted with Stata version 16.1 (StataCorp). … Estimates are based on meta-analyses of included trials or, if meta-analyses were not feasible, based … Subgroups Subgroup analyses were restricted to age, race and ethnicity, oopho- rectomy status, and a … groups, but such analyses might have been underpowered.

131. Evidence Summary: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-in-adults-screening
     September 24, 2019 - The reference lists of other previously published reviews, meta-analyses, and primary studies were examined … When pooling fewer than 10 studies, sensitivity analyses using a restricted maximum likelihood model … Stata version 15.1 (StataCorp) was used for all analyses. … Sensitivity analyses that eliminated 5 studies deemed to have particularly high risk of bias demonstrated … The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses.

132. Draft Research Plan: Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/asymptomatic-carotid-artery-stenosis-screening
     August 15, 2019 - KQ 4: Randomized, controlled trials; large cohort studies or registries All KQs: Cost-effectiveness analyses

133. Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/skin-cancer-screening
     April 18, 2023 - Direct evidence on screening effectiveness was from 3 nonrandomized analyses of 2 population-based skin … Sensitivity analyses to assess lead time bias similarly attenuated both unadjusted (HR, 0.50 [95% CI … All direct evidence on the benefits of screening comes from nonrandomized analyses of population-based … and analyses of potential lead time bias. 19 Limited data on melanoma mortality rates in specific population … tools; data on screening benefits and harms for specific melanoma subtypes; and by individual-level analyses

134. Evidence Summary: Statins for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-statins/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication
     November 13, 2016 - Data Synthesis and Analysis Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate risk ratios (RRs) for statins … For analyses with 10 or more trials, funnel plots were constructed to detect small sample effects. 17 … Results were also similar in sensitivity analyses restricted to good-quality studies, 14 , 22 , 26 , … Excluding these trials from our analyses did not affect the findings. … Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ . 2003;327(7414):557-560.

135. Archived: Evidence Summary: Statins for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-statins/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
     November 13, 2016 - Data Synthesis and Analysis Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate risk ratios (RRs) for statins … For analyses with 10 or more trials, funnel plots were constructed to detect small sample effects. 17 … Results were also similar in sensitivity analyses restricted to good-quality studies, 14 , 22 , 26 , … Excluding these trials from our analyses did not affect the findings. … Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ . 2003;327(7414):557-560.

136. Screening for Glaucoma in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/mf27sR5jgcrqcaY9t8d8Jt
     April 04, 2022 - Analyses were stratified by medication type, and prespecified study-level subgroup analyses were conducted … Stratified analyses were con- ducted based on control type (healthy eye, glaucoma suspect, or ocular … All meta-analyses were conducted using Stata/SE version 14.2 or 16.1 (StataCorp). … Diagnostic Accuracy Pooled Analyses: Sensitivity and Specificity Pooled analysis No. of trials No. … Medical Treatment vs Placebo/No Treatment, Pooled Analyses Analysis No. of trials No.

137. Evidence on the Benefits and Harms of Screening and TreatingPregnant Women Who Are Asymptomatic for Bacterial Vaginosis: An Update Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/5ocd-NWnL3B8wZ5o2hvZJH
     February 01, 2008 - new randomized, controlled treatment trials and 2001 report data were combined in a series of meta-analyses … Data Synthesis and Analysis Meta-analysis When appropriate, we performed a series of meta- analyses … We stratified analyses by risk group (low, average, or high) and pooled them separately to provide a … All analyses were performed by using Stata, version 9.0 (Stata, College Station, Texas). … Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557-60. [PMID: 12958120] 39.

138. Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ph_fauqHQjmrSqPAWKrARA
     September 28, 2021 - questions of effectiveness, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and individual par- ticipant data meta-analyses … with low τ values, sensi- tivity analyses with the Knapp-Hartung correction were used to adjust the … For rare outcomes (ie, perinatal mortality), sensi- tivity analyses were conducted using the Peto odds … ratio method,23 as well as pooled analyses including and excluding studies that had no events in either … Subgroup analyses were conducted for the outcomes of pre- term birth and SGA/IUGR to explore factors

139. Overview of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vTHBrY6VuqjoouJvUmtkr4
     May 01, 2018 - Comparative modeling studies with robust sensitivity analyses can provide estimates of upper and lower … Data Analyses Our analyses of the model data primarily focuses on the CISNET consortium of modeling … We limit our analyses primarily to modeling studies using U.S. data; however, when appropriate we also … However, detailed data from the one-way sensitivity analyses was not presented. … in the one-way sensitivity analyses would also be useful.

140. Draft Research Plan: Screening for Atrial Fibrillation | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/screening-atrial-fibrillation
     March 26, 2020 - To approximate screen-detected persons with AF, we will aim to stratify analyses based on whether participants … “disease management” populations, we will limit our analyses to studies of individuals not selected because