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1. Use of Decision Models in the Development of Evidence-Based Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/use-decision-models-development-evidence-based-clinical-preventive-services-recommendations
   May 01, 2019 - Decision analyses conducted for the USPSTF are expected to follow best practices for modeling. … Using existing analyses is faster and less expensive than commissioning new ones. … The USPSTF gives more weight to modeling analyses when the models fully capture the relevant benefits … These analyses helped inform the USPSTF about which criteria to choose for screening. … Challenges in systematic reviews of economic analyses. Ann Intern Med . 2005;142:1073-9.

2. Archived: C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Coronary Heart Disease: Screening Using Non-Traditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/c-reactive-protein-as-a-risk-factor-for-coronary-heart-disease-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analyses-for-the-us-preventive-services-task-force/coronary-heart-disease-screening-using-non-traditional-risk-factors-2009
   July 15, 2008 - C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses … We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of epidemiologic studies to help the U.S. … Previous meta-analyses 17-19 have found an association between CRP level and incident CHD. … Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses. … Analyses of all subgroups at high (>3.0 mg/L) and average (1.0 to 3.0 mg/L) CRP levels.

3. Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
   April 26, 2022 - Methodological details, additional analyses, findings from observational studies of bleeding harms, and … Stata version 16 (StataCorp) was used for all quantitative analyses. … Pooled analyses from 11 RCTs (n = 134,470) showed that aspirin use was associated with a statistically … Sensitivity Analyses For all CRC outcomes, results were similar in sensitivity analyses including studies … Detailed results of sensitivity analyses are available in the full report. 10 Key Questions 1a and

4. C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/khUSqr94jqWPErt9ZRnQ95
   October 01, 2009 - C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses … Force C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses … We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of epidemiologic studies to help the U.S. … We used Stata, version 10.0 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas), to perform the analyses. … Analyses of all subgroups at high (>3.0 mg/L) and average (1.0 to 3.0 mg/L) CRP levels.

5. Archived: Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Population-Based Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Evidence Synthesis: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/cost-effectiveness-analyses-of-population-based-screening-for-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-evidence-synthesis/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-february-2005
   February 15, 2005 - WhatsApp Share to Email Print archived Cost-Effectiveness Analyses … We excluded studies that were: Not CEA, cost-utility analyses, or cost-benefit analyses. … Are appropriate sensitivity analyses performed? … All analyses reviewed were conducted from the health system perspective. … CEA of AAA screening would benefit considerably from more extensive sensitivity analyses.

6. Modeling Study: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-modeling-study18/colorectal-cancer-screening
   May 18, 2021 - Analyses by Race and Sex In consultation with the USPSTF, analyses were conducted by race and sex for … Scenario Analyses For each modality, efficient strategies were similar for the 3 colorectal cancer … Based on a recent review of the literature on race and colorectal cancer, 25 these analyses assumed … However, the analyses incorporated race- and sex-specific all-cause mortality rates 11 and relative … However, both analyses found that starting screening at age 45 years provided an efficient balance of

7. Procedure Manual Section 4. Evidence Review Development | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-section-4-evidence-review-development
   June 22, 2025 - Results of meta-analyses are usually presented in forest plot diagrams. 4.4.2 Qualitative Synthesis … The Task Force examines the credibility of those analyses, however, depending on such factors as: the … were consistent within themselves; whether the subgroup analyses were prespecified; and whether the … For the literature search on benefits, the search is limited to meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and … controlled trials; for harms, the search includes meta-analyses, systematic reviews, controlled trials

8. Archived: Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cancer: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-aspirin-to-prevent-cancer/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer-april-2016
   April 11, 2016 - For total cancer, we based our review on 2 individual-patient data (IPD) meta-analyses of randomized, … We used Stata 12.0 (StataCorp) for all statistical analyses. … Various analyses of deaths from different cancer types in both meta-analyses 18 , 19 suggested reductions … However, most other cancer types were relatively uncommon, and analyses therefore lacked power. … Thus, we focused on RCTs and IPD meta-analyses to enhance validity.

9. Evidence Summary: Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Assessment With Nontraditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary--html/cardiovascular-disease-screening-using-nontraditional-risk-assessment
   July 10, 2018 - For each KQ, subpopulation analyses by sex, race/ethnicity, and diabetes were identified a priori. … The evidence base for the ABI and hsCRP included large individual patient data meta-analyses 39 , 40 … ; in these cases, the meta-analyses are discussed as the central piece of evidence and other studies … of individual cohorts are discussed in relation to these meta-analyses. … Both published coefficient and model development analyses were conducted, and results were stratified

10. Nfp93-Hva3Bvxkvkbsttgm (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nfP93-Hva3bvxkvkBStTgm
    widespread screening program with historical or geographic comparator; and systematic reviews and meta-analyses … case-control studies; diagnostic accuracy studies; large case series; and systematic reviews and meta-analyses … comparator; comparative effectiveness studies; modeling studies; and systematic reviews and meta-analyses … case series; comparative effectiveness studies; modeling studies; and systematic reviews and meta-analyses … widespread screening program with historical or geographic comparator; and systematic reviews and meta-analyses

11. Final Research Plan: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/colorectal-cancer-screening
    May 16, 2019 - studies; and systematically selected case series All KQs: Poor-quality studies KQ 1: Decision analyses … † This review will be accompanied by commissioned collaborative microsimulation decision analyses … In addition to this updated systematic review, the USPSTF has commissioned a set of decision analyses … The commissioned decision analyses will help inform how the benefits and harms of colorectal cancer screening

12. Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2GDCmTe7akyrAHsTMbfz72
    May 06, 2022 - Pooled analyses of these 2 RCTs (presented for illustrative purposes only) showed that aspirin use for … Sensitivity Analyses For all CRC outcomes, results were similar in sensitivity analyses in- cluding studies … Detailed results of sensitivity analyses are avail- able in the full report.10 Key Questions 1a and … Specifically, aspirin was only associ- ated with a significant reduction in CRC incidence in analyses … Risk factors consistently and indepen- dently associated with bleeding risk in multivariable analyses

13. Use of Decision Models in the Development of Evidence-Based Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/decision-modeling-for-uspstf_0.pdf
    July 01, 2016 - Decision analyses conducted for the USPSTF are expected to follow best practices for modeling. … Using existing analyses is faster and less expensive than commissioning new ones. … The USPSTF gives more weight to modeling analyses when the models fully capture the relevant benefits … These analyses helped inform the USPSTF about which criteria to choose for screening. … Challenges in systematic reviews of economic analyses. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:1073-9.

14. Goutham Rao, M.D., FAHA | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/current-members/goutham-rao-md-faha
    January 01, 2023 - Rao has a special interest in systematic reviews and meta-analyses and led the development of methodological … standards for cardiovascular prevention and treatment meta-analyses for the American Heart Association

15. Evidence Summary: Healthy Weight and Weight Gain In Pregnancy: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/healthy-weight-and-weight-gain-during-pregnancy-behavioral-counseling-interventions
    May 25, 2021 - In stratified analyses, there were no statistically significant interactions between associations of … Stratified analyses showed statistically significant interactions between effect of GWG interventions … In stratified analyses, effect estimates of GWG interventions on likelihood of LGA did not differ by … Some stratified analyses were underpowered to evaluate subgroup effects. … Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses.

16. Colorectal Cancer Screening: An Updated Modeling Study for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/473PPVwoRhapCkN9SC-rue
    May 18, 2021 - Scenario analyses were also simulated assuming IRRs of 1.00 (no change in incidence from the prescreening … Analyses by Race and Sex In consultation with the USPSTF, analyses were conducted by race and sex for … Scenario Analyses For each modality, efficient strategies were similar for the 3 colo- rectal cancer … These analyses were carried out before publi- cation of recent reviews demonstrating limited evidence … However, both analyses found that starting screening at age 45 years provided an efficient balance of

17. Final Research Plan: Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening
    June 17, 2021 - KQ 3: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (including network meta-analyses), ‡  and RCTs.  … KQ 4: Systematic reviews, RCTs, and prospective cohort studies KQ 5: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses … (including network meta-analyses), RCTs, prospective cohort studies, and case-control studies.

18. Aspirin for the Prevention of Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Systematic Evidence Reviews for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Njxn2r3qtWKdBf2_VhS2Aw
    April 01, 2016 - For total cancer, we based our review on 2 individual-patient data (IPD) meta-analyses of randomized, … We used Stata 12.0 (StataCorp) for all statistical analyses. … Inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the 4 included meta-analyses are compared in Table 2. … Analyses did not clearly suggest an effect of the dose (12). … Thus, we focused on RCTs and IPD meta-analyses to enhance validity.

19. Nontraditional Risk Factors in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_nVeFxDCT9L-_cnDf_V3fK
    July 17, 2018 - For KQ2, individual participant data meta-analyses, trials, and well-designed prospective cohort studies … Quantitative analyses were not conducted because of the limited number of studies for each KQ or method … For the Framingham Risk Score–based analyses, which used 3 risk strata, the top 2 risk strata (10%-20% … In the individual pa- tient data meta-analysis model development analyses, base model performance was … C-reactive protein as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses

20. Evidence Summary: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication
    August 23, 2022 - Data Synthesis and Analysis Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate risk ratios (RRs) for statins … Results were generally consistent in sensitivity and stratified analyses. … of study-level data and within study stratified analyses. … However, excluding these trials from analyses did not affect findings. … Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses.