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141. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews_Inclusion of Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions in Systematic Reviews of Intervention Effectiveness: An Update (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/methods-guide-inclusion-nonrandomized-studies.pdf
     September 01, 2022 - Sensitivity analyses around study quality may be important. … When meta- analyses include studies of different designs, reviewers should present subgroup analyses … Avoidable flaws in observational analyses: an application to statins and cancer. … When and How Can Real World Data Analyses Substitute for Randomized Controlled Trials? … Analysing data and undertaking meta- analyses. .

142. Alcohol-Misuse-Drug-Therapy Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/alcohol-misuse-drug-therapy_executive.pdf
     January 27, 2012 - or subgroup analyses from trials, prospective cohort studies, and case-control studies. … Data Synthesis We conducted meta-analyses using random-effects models to estimate pooled effects.36 … We did not include studies rated as high or unclear risk of bias in our main analyses but did include … them in sensitivity analyses. … All included studies were either subgroup analyses of trials or prospective cohort studies of people

143. Template for Reports Developed (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-updates_methods.pdf
     July 01, 2011 - Statistical Methods Relevant to Updating Meta-Analyses Updating or assessing the need for updating … What contributions do languages other than English make on the results of meta-analyses? … Identifying null meta-analyses that are ripe for updating. … Problems induced by meta- analyses. Stat Med 1991;10(6):971-979. 33. … Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement.

144. Disposition of Comments for Evidence Report 221 Behavioral Programs for Diabetes Mellitus (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/diabetes-behavior-programs_disposition-comments.pdf
     September 28, 2015 - number of studies, systematically separating analyses according to type of diabetes, and conducting … TEP 1 General Overall, the report describes the analyses undertaken and results obtained in a clear … TEP 1 General The analyses included the change (primarily) in A1c and body weight at 12/24 months. … This is quite common for subgroup analyses in systematic reviews. … Our network meta-analyses and subgroup analyses used outcome data at longest postintervention followup

145. Transparency of Reporting Requirements: Tympanostomy Tubes (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/transparency-tympanostomy_research-protocol.pdf
     September 02, 2016 - Empirical analyses of prospective registry data can inform on the time between study completion and … Analyses of studies included in the original review that also have a registry record For these studies … Analyses of studies that were not included in the original review Registry records of newly identified … If meta-analyses are not conducted, we will assess whether the new studies fall within the range of … A modified test for small-study effects in meta-analyses of controlled trials with binary endpoints.

146. Comparative Effectiveness of Adjunctive Devices to Remove Thrombi or Protect Against Distal Embolization in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Native Vessels (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/acs-pci-adjunctive-devices_disposition-comments.pdf
     March 01, 2012 - these outcomes are reported in Table ES-1 The tables in the executive summary list only those outcomes/analyses … Peer Reviewer #3 Results Why were so many systematic reviews and meta-analyses included but only one … We were interested in the methodology and results of similar meta-analyses previously conducted on … As a result, we found that although several meta-analyses have been conducted recently, the majority … events which are further limited to procedure time and coronary perforation, and the most recent analyses

147. Disposition of Comments Report for Core Needle and Open Surgical Biopsy for Diagnosis of Breast Lesions: An Update to the 2009 Report (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-biopsy-update_disposition-comments.pdf
     September 10, 2014 - Differences in followup duration were addressed by appropriate subgroup analyses. … We have performed subgroup analyses by lesion palpability. Reviewer #7 06. … We have performed additional analyses stratified by lesion palpability. … Differences in followup duration were addressed by appropriate subgroup analyses. … We have performed additional subgroup analyses by lesion palpability.

148. Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer: Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/pbi-protocol.pdf
     August 09, 2021 - among the five largest trials of PBI.16-20 Despite the majority of enrollees being older, subgroup analyses … • Surveys All KQs and CQ 1: • Relevant systematic review s or meta-analyses (used for identifying … To further explore heterogeneity, we plan to conduct preplanned subgroup analyses (listed in Table … The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses … " or "Cox multivariate analysis" or "Cox regression" or "Cox survival analyses" or "Cox 23

149. Ch 10-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_10-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
     January 01, 2011 - Descriptive and univariate analyses can be used to assess imbalances between treatment groups and to … Descriptive Statistics/ Unadjusted Analyses Appropriate descriptive statistics and graphical displays … Both analyses are biased. … All three analyses had similar findings. … using exploratory data analyses.

150. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/fatty-acids-cardiovascular-disease_disposition-comments.pdf
     August 12, 2016 - A new summary section has been added specific to within-study subgroup analyses in the Results sections … We would have captured weight changes subgroup analyses, if reported. … We have clarified that observational studies had to have multivariate analyses (in the Design part … Raitt et al. seems to be missing from some analyses. See minor comments below. … All tables, figures, and meta- analyses have been updated.

151. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/psoriasis-chronic_research-protocol.pdf
     January 10, 2012 - Subgroup analyses based on duration of followup were discussed with the Technical Expert Panelists … We will conduct meta- analyses when two or more randomized trials adequate for pooling are available … A p-value of <0.05 will be considered statistically significant for all analyses. … We will also conduct subgroup analyses based on the patient population evaluated, including patients … Methods, Synthesis No prior language Indirect comparisons and network meta-analyses that are

152. Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol-Use Disorders in Outpatient Settings: Systematic Review Update (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/alcohol-pharma-final-protocol.pdf
     January 01, 2023 - For KQ 5 (focused on subgroups), we will include RCTs and secondary analyses or subgroup analyses from … We plan to include studies of any risk-of-bias rating in our main data synthesis and main analyses; … we will conduct sensitivity analyses that remove studies deemed high risk of bias. … and/or perform subgroup analyses when possible and appropriate. … Measuring inconsistency in meta- analyses.

153. Disposition of Comments for Psychological Treatments and Pharmacological Treatments for Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ptsd-adult-treatment_disposition-comments.pdf
     April 03, 2013 - Instead, we now have conducted separate analyses for SIT, relaxation, etc. … As stated elsewhere, we no longer lump CPT with anything else in our analyses. … We had previously reported most of the psychological intervention meta-analyses for PTSD symptoms … the sensitivity analyses did not change results significantly. … as the analyses with the study, and we make this clear in the report.

154. Evidence Summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 248: Prehabilitation and Rehabilitation for Major Joint Replacement (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/joint-replacement-evidence%20-summary.pdf
     November 01, 2021 - To improve interpretation and allow for future meta- analyses, researchers (and funders of research) … data on the direct and indirect costs of (p)rehabilitation programs and conduct cost-effectiveness analyses … alongside effectiveness analyses to contribute a more complete evidentiary picture to inform evidence-based

155. Prostate-Cancer-Therapies-Update Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-therapies-update_executive.pdf
     December 01, 2014 - When evidence came from subgroup analyses (KQs 2 and 4), we lowered the strength-of-evidence grade by … We adopted this approach because subgroup analyses were usually underpowered to detect differences … In general, subgroup analyses should be considered as hypothesis generating rather than definitive … analyses. … Although these subgroup analyses reported data on overall survival, all-cause mortality, or prostate

156. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 262_Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder in Outpatient Settings: Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-262-pharmacotherapy-alcohol-summary.pdf
     November 01, 2023 - When possible, we conducted quantitative analyses using random-effects models to estimate pooled effects … We included all studies in the main analyses and conducted sensitivity analyses without studies rated … (e.g., alcohol dependence and depression) and those that did not have a dual diagnosis in the meta-analyses

157. Major-Depressive-Disorder Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/major-depressive-disorder_executive.pdf
     December 01, 2015 - augmentation • SGA augmentationc vs. nonpharmacological treatment In addition, for network meta-analyses … When data were sufficient, we augmented findings with quantitative analyses. … For network meta-analyses, we included data from 85 additional published trials and 27 unpublished … Evidence from meta-analyses of placebo- controlled trials, however, indicated lower overall adverse … Our findings are consistent with several prior systematic reviews and meta-analyses that compared SGAs

158. AHRQ Slide Template 2009 (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/data-extraction.ppt
     January 01, 2009 - format to facilitate synthesis and coherent presentation of data To identify numerical data for meta-analyses … In particular, one has to identify numerical data for meta-analyses. … can be easily resolved, and provide sufficient information to understand the studies and to perform analyses … member of the systematic review team, including the leads and those who will perform the statistical analyses … include: To describe studies To assess outcomes, risk of bias, and applicability To conduct meta-analyses

159. Engaging-Caregivers-Appendix-C (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/engaging-caregivers-appendix-c.xlsx
     May 29, 2025 - Did the Study Perform Appropriate Statistical Analyses on Potential Confounders (e.g., Age, Sex, Other

160. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 12 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-prognostic_methods.pdf
     July 01, 2012 - Large cohort studies and secondary analyses of clinical trials may contain the most readily available … For example, investigators commonly report estimated hazard ratios from Cox regression analyses or odds … ratios from logistic regression analyses to test for associations between a potential prognostic test … .32–33 Examples of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of prognostic tests that used these time-dependent … determine whether to recommend interventions to prevent 12-7 future cardiovascular events.34 Analyses